跳转到内容

you

维基词典,自由的多语言词典
(重定向自You
参见:Youyóuyòuyōuyǒuȝou þou

英语

[编辑]
英语维基百科有一篇文章关于:
维基百科 en

其他写法

[编辑]

词源

[编辑]

源自中古英语 youyowȝow (ye的宾语),源自古英语 ēowīow (ġē的与格),源自原始日耳曼语 *iwwiz (*jīz的与格)*izwiz (*jūz的与格)的西部方言,源自原始印欧语 *yūs (你们)*yū́

低地苏格兰语 you ()萨特弗里斯兰语 jou ()西弗里斯兰语 jo ()低地德语 jojoeoe ()荷兰语 jouu ()中古高地德语 euiu (, 宾格代词)拉丁语 vōs ()阿维斯陀语 𐬬𐬋 (, )阿什昆语 ()卡姆卡塔-维利语 šo ()梵语 यूयम् (yūyám, )同源。

参见使用注意章节。Yeyouyour分别与荷兰语 jij/jejoujouw低地德语 jijo/jujug,以及德语 ihreucheuer同源。ye也与瑞典语 I〉同源。

发音

[编辑]

如果you跟在以/t//d//s//z/音结尾的词后,可能会分别与/j/合并成/tʃ//dʒ//ʃ//ʒ/。这种发音有时也会在书写中表示出来,如gotchagot you)或 whatcha doin'?(更为正式的写法是 what are you doing?)。

代词

[编辑]

you (第二人称,单/复数,主/宾语,所有格限定词 your,所有格代词 yours,单数反身 yourself,复数反身 yourselves)

  1. 第二人称单数或复数代词:你们
    What do you think of this plan?
    你(们)觉得这个计划如何?
  2. (不定人称代词) 代称任何 (自16世纪)
    • 2001, Polly Vernon, The Guardian, 5 May 2001:
      You can't choose your family, your lovers are difficult and volatile, but, oh, you can choose your friends - so doesn't it make much more sense to live and holiday with them instead?

使用注意

[编辑]
  • you 起初多作复数代词(即“你们”义),且多作宾语,类似 us 之于 we。当时对应的主语是 ye。单数形式则分别为 theethou。在一些较为旧式的英语中 youye 都是单数敬称,如用于称呼上级,而 theethou 则是单数非敬称。1600年代,还有作家反对“单数 you 的用法” [1](对比反对单数 they 的用法),但在现代英语中,theethou 都已是古语,而 you 则通用作单数和复数形式。

近义词

[编辑]
  • (主语代词:你)
    yer (英国英语视觉方言)
    参见上方其他写法章节,以及Appendix:英语人称代词
  • (主语代词:你们) 参见y'all
  • (宾语代词) thee (单数,古旧), ye, to you, to thee, to ye
  • (宾语代词) ye, to you, to ye, to you all
  • (指代任何人) one, people, they, them

派生词

[编辑]

派生语汇

[编辑]
  • 牙买加克里奥尔语: yuh

参见

[编辑]

限定词

[编辑]

you

  1. 你们
    Have you gentlemen come to see the lady who fell backwards off a bus?
    您几位先生来看那位朝后从巴士上摔下来的女士了吗?
  2. 用于指代人的修饰语前,加强语气。
    You idiot!你这傻子!
    • 2015, Judi Curtin, Only Eva, The O'Brien Press (ISBN 9781847177506):
      'You genius!' I shouted in Aretta's ear. 'You absolute genius! Why didn't you tell us you were so good?'

派生词

[编辑]

动词

[编辑]

you (第三人称单数简单现在时 yous,现在分词 youing,一般过去时及过去分词 youed)

  1. (及物)代词 you称呼某人(如过去用 you 而不用 thou 称呼,因为当时认为 you 更正式)
    • 1930, Barrington Hall, Modern Conversation, Brewer & Warren, page 239:
      Youing consists in relating everything in the conversation to the person you wish to flatter, and introducing the word “you” into your speech as often as possible.
    • 1992, Barbara Anderson, Portrait of the Artist’s Wife, Victoria University Press, page 272:
      Now even Princess Anne had dropped it. Sarah had heard her youing away on television the other night just like the inhabitants of her mother’s dominions beyond the seas.
    • 2004, Ellen Miller, Brooklyn Noir, Akashic Books, "Practicing":
      But even having my very own personal pronoun was risky, because it’s pretty tough to keep stopped-hope stopped up when you are getting all youed up, when someone you really like keeps promising you scary, fun, exciting stuff—and even tougher for the of that moment to remain securely devoid of hope, to make smart, self-denying decisions with Dad youing me—the long ooo of it broad and extended, like a hand.

参考资料

[编辑]
  1. The British Friend (November 1st, 1861), notes: "In 1659, Thomas Ellwood, Milton's friend and scoretary, thus expresses himself—“ The corrupt and unsound form of speaking in the plural number to a single person, you to one instead of thou, contrary to the pure, plain, and simple language ..."

喀麦隆皮钦语

[编辑]

替代写法

[编辑]

词源

[编辑]

来自英语 you

发音

[编辑]

代词

[编辑]

you

  1. 第二人称单数主词和受词人称代词

参见

[编辑]

Template:Wes-personal pronouns

日语

[编辑]

罗马化

[编辑]

you

  1. よう罗马字转写

参见

[编辑]

卡拉瓦语

[编辑]

名词

[编辑]

you

来源

[编辑]
  • transnewguinea.org, citing D. C. Laycock, Languages of the Lumi Subdistrict (West Sepik District), New Guinea (1968), Oceanic Linguistics, 7 (1): 36-66

莱昂语

[编辑]

词源

[编辑]

来自古莱昂语 yo,来自通俗拉丁语 *eo,6世纪始见于罗曼语族,来自拉丁语 ego,来自原始意大利语 *egō;与希腊语 εγώ (egó)梵语 अहम् (aham)同族,全部来自原始印欧语 *éǵh₂

代词

[编辑]

you

参见

[编辑]

Template:Roa-leo-personal pronouns

官话

[编辑]

罗马化

[编辑]

you

  1. yōu的非标准拼写
  2. yóu的非标准拼写
  3. yǒu的非标准拼写
  4. yòu的非标准拼写

使用说明

[编辑]
  • 外文在转写汉语拼音时,常常无法区分原本词句的声调,而以轻声/无声调的形式写出。

中古英语

[编辑]

词源1

[编辑]

代词

[编辑]

you

  1. yow的另一种写法

词源2

[编辑]

代词

[编辑]

you

  1. (主要用于北部和东米德兰方言) þou的另一种写法

米兰德斯语

[编辑]

词源

[编辑]

来自古莱昂语 you,来自通俗拉丁语 *eo,6世纪始见于罗曼语族,来自拉丁语 ego

发音

[编辑]

代词

[编辑]

you

  1. 第一人称代词
    • 2008, “Ai que cochino!!! (ver. II)”, 出自 Picä Tumilho (band) 作曲, Faíçca: Ua stória d'amor i laboura:
      I you cun muita fuorça spetei bien la faca
      用小刀深深地扎穿。

普耶语

[编辑]

名词

[编辑]

you

来源

[编辑]
  • transnewguinea.org, citing D. C. Laycock, Languages of the Lumi Subdistrict (West Sepik District), New Guinea (1968), Oceanic Linguistics, 7 (1): 36-66

塔基亚语

[编辑]

词源

[编辑]

借自巴尔加姆语 yuw瓦斯基亚语 yu[1]

名词

[编辑]

you

来源

[编辑]
  • Malcolm Ross, Andrew Pawley, Meredith Osmond, The Lexicon of Proto-Oceanic: The Culture and Environment (2007, ISBN 1921313196
  1. Loanwords in Takia, in Loanwords in the World's Languages: A Comparative Handbook (edited by Martin Haspelmath, Uri Tadmor), page 761

泰雷布语

[编辑]

名词

[编辑]

you

延伸阅读

[编辑]
  • Malcolm Ross (1988年), “Proto Oceanic and the Austronesian Languages of Western Melanesia”,Pacific Linguistics,第 series C-98 卷