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bright

維基詞典，自由的多語言詞典
參見：Bright

英语

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发音

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Bright sunlight (sense 2) seen at Cerro de la Campana in Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
墨西哥索诺拉州埃莫西约市的Cerro de la Campana里明亮（义项2）的阳光
  • (標準英音，通用美式) 英語發音：brīt、國際音標(幫助): /bɹaɪt/
  • （通用美式）音频：(檔案)
  • 韻部：-aɪt

词源 1

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形容词派生自中古英語 bright (“光亮的，明亮的；强烈的；闪亮的；辉煌的；（指人）美丽的，面色红润的；极佳的；清晰的；（指视觉）明晰的；（比喻义）无罪过的；开明的”) [以及其他形式][1]，源自古英語 bryht、breht (诺森伯兰)，字母换位自byrht (盎格鲁)、beorht (西萨克逊)、berht (“明晰的”) [以及其他形式]，源自原始西日耳曼語 *berht[2]，源自原始日耳曼語 *berhtaz (“明亮的”)，最终源自原始印歐語 *bʰerHǵ- (“照，使...变白”)。

名词派生自中古英語 bright (“光亮，闪亮；阳光；光”)，源自bright (形容词)：[3]见上文。

英语词的同源词包括阿爾巴尼亞語 bardhë (“白的”)、荷蘭語 brecht (用于人名)、冰島語 bjartur (“明亮的”)、立陶宛語 brekšta (“破晓”)、中古愛爾蘭語 brafad (“眨眼”)、挪威語 bjart (“光亮的，明晰的”)、波斯語 برازیدن (barâzidan，“美化；适宜于”)、北盧里語 بڵێز (bełız，“火焰”) 俄語 бре́зжить (brézžitʹ，“破晓；发微光；（比喻义，指希望，思想等）出现，显现”)、梵語 भ्राजते (bhrājate)、低地蘇格蘭語 bricht (“明亮的”)、威爾士語 berth (“美丽的”) (弃用)。

形容词

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bright (比較級 brighter，最高級 brightest)

  1. 明亮的，发光的，闪耀的，照耀的；炫目的
    The sky was remarkably bright and blue on that beautiful summer day.
    夏天里的那天，蓝色的天空格外的闪耀夺目。
    • 1646 (indicated as 1645)，John Milton，“At a Solemn Musick”, in Poems of Mr. John Milton, […]，London: […] Ruth Raworth for Humphrey Mosely, […], →OCLC，頁 22:
      Where the bright Seraphim in burning row / Their loud up-lifted Angel trumpets blow; / And the Cherubick hoſt in thouſand quires / Touch their immortal Harps of golden wires, […]
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1667，John Milton，“Book III”, in Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books，London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […]，London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC，行s 372 and 381–382:
      Thee Father firſt they ſung Omnipotent, / […] that brighteſt Seraphim / Approach not, but with both their wings veil thir eyes.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1897，Bram Stoker，“Cutting from ‘The Dailygraph,’ 8 August (Pasted in Mina Murray’s Journal.)”, in Dracula，New York, N.Y.: Modern Library, →OCLC，頁 95:
      There were very few people about, and though the sun was bright, and the air clear and fresh, the big, grim-looking waves, that seemed dark themselves because the foam that topped them was like snow, forced themselves in through the narrow mouth of the harbour—like a bullying man going through a crowd.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
  2. (指光) 亮的，强烈的
    Could you please dim the light? It’s far too bright.
    能把灯调暗点吗？太亮了。
  3. (指物体，表面等) 反光而耀眼的，有光泽的
    近義詞：lustrous；亦參見Thesaurus:shiny
    反義詞：dull
  4. (指某空间) 明亮的
  5. (指气候或天气) 晴朗的
  6. (比喻義)
    1. 显然的，显眼的
      • 1961年11月10日，Joseph Heller，“The Soldier in White”, in Catch-22 […]，New York, N.Y.: Simon and Schuster, →OCLC，頁 169:
        They gathered soberly in the farthest recess of the ward and gossiped about him in malicious, offended undertones, rebelling against his presence as a ghastly imposition and resenting him malevolently for the nauseating truth of which he was bright reminder.
        （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    2. (指颜色) 鲜亮的，鲜艳的
      近義詞：vivid
      反義詞：muted、pale
    3. (指物体，表面) 颜色鲜艳的，多彩的
      The orange and blue walls of the sitting room were much brighter than the dull grey walls of the kitchen.
      客厅的橙色蓝色相间的墙壁比厨房的单调灰色的墙鲜艳多了。
    4. (指乐器，声音，嗓音) 清晰的，嘹亮的，尖锐的
    5. (指房间或地方) 容易造成尖锐回音的
    6. (指气味，味道) 明显的，强烈的
    7. (指物质) 透明的，澄明的；纯净的，无杂质的；(尤指酒) 纯净的，无悬浮物的，优质的
    8. 辉煌的，荣耀的，显赫的
      • 1681，Charles Cotton，The Wonders of the Peake，London: […] Joanna Brome, […], →OCLC，頁 16:
        And 'twas the worſt, if not the only ſtain, / I'th' brighteſt Annals of a Female Reign.
        （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    9. 高兴的，开心的；乐观的
      近義詞：參見Thesaurus:happy
      反義詞：參見Thesaurus:sad
      I woke up today feeling so bright that I decided to have a little dance.
      今天起床心情特别好，好到我跳了支舞。
    10. (指脸，眼睛，笑容等) 高兴的，阳光的，灿烂的
    11. (指人) 快活的，生机勃勃的
    12. (指一段时期) 快乐的，繁荣昌盛的
      She has a bright future ahead.
      她前途无量。
    13. (指机会，前景等) 光明的，好的
      If he trains hard, his chances of winning the competition are bright.
      他努力训练的话就很有希望能赢得那场竞赛。
    14. (指对话，发言，写作等) 巧妙的，机智的，聪明的
    15. 机智的，聪明的
      近義詞：參見Thesaurus:intelligent
      反義詞：參見Thesaurus:stupid
      She’s very bright. She was able to solve the problem without my help.
      她很聪明，不需要我帮忙就解决了那个问题。
      • 1922 February，James Joyce，“[Episode 16: Eumaeus]”, in Ulysses，Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC, part III [Nostos]，頁 573:
        ―Ah, God, Corley replied, sure I couldn't teach in a school, man. I was never one of your bright ones, he added with a half laugh, Got stuck twice in the junior at the Christian Brothers.
        （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
      • 2013年8月3日，“Revenge of the nerds: An explosion of start-ups is changing finance for the better”, in The Economist‎[1]，卷 408, 期 8847, London: Economist Group, →ISSN, →OCLC，存檔自the original on 3 August 2013:
        Think of banking today and the image is of grey-suited men in towering skyscrapers. Its future, however, is being shaped in converted warehouses and funky offices in San Francisco, New York and London, where bright young things in jeans and T-shirts huddle around laptops, sipping lattes or munching on free food.
        （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    16. (古舊)
      1. (指眼睛) 视力好的，锐利的
      2. 显然的
        • 1741，I[saac] Watts，“The Socratical Way of Disputation”, in The Improvement of the Mind: Or, A Supplement to the Art of Logick: […]，London: […] James Brackstone, […], →OCLC, paragraph V，頁 172:
          [T]he Queriſt muſt not proceed too ſwiftly towards the Determination of his Point propos'd, that he may with more Eaſe, with brighter Evidence, and with ſurer Succeſs draw the Learner on to aſſent to thoſe Principles ſtep by ſtep, from whence the final Concluſion will naturally ariſe.
          （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    17. (音樂，指旋律，节奏) 轻快的，愉快的
  7. (冶金學，指金属或表面) 无防腐蚀覆盖层的
衍生词汇
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名词

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bright (複數 brights)

  1. (古舊或書面)
    1. 明亮
      近義詞：brightness
      • 1667，John Milton，“Book III”, in Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books，London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […]，London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC，行s 372 and 377–381:
        Thee Father firſt they ſung Omnipotent, / […] when thou ſhad'ſt / The full blaze of thy beams, and through a cloud / Drawn round about thee like a radiant Shrine, / Dark with exceſſive bright thy ſkirts appeer, / Yet dazle Heav'n, […]
        （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    2. (比喻義) 华丽，壮丽
      近義詞：glory、splendour
  2. (主要用复数) （尤指商品）颜色鲜亮的东西
  3. 人文主义者，信奉自然主义世界观的人
    近義詞：humanist、nonsupernaturalist
    反義詞：super、supernaturalist
    下位詞：atheist
    • 2003年6月20日，Richard Dawkins，“The future looks bright”, in The Guardian‎[2]，London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC，存檔自the original on 22 March 2021:
      Brights constitute 60% of American scientists, and a stunning 93% of those scientists good enough to be elected to the elite National Academy of Sciences (equivalent to Fellows of the Royal Society) are brights.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 2006，Daniel C[lement] Dennett，“Breaking Which Spell?”, in Breaking the Spell: Religion as a Natural Phenomenon，New York, N.Y.: Viking, →ISBN, part I (Opening Pandora’s Box), section 5 (Religion as a Natural Phenomenon)，頁 27:
      Many of us brights have devoted considerable time and energy at some point in our lives to looking at the arguments for and against the existence of God, and many brights continue to pursue these issues, hacking away vigorously at the arguments of believers as if they were trying to refute a rival scientific theory. But not I.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 2008 April，David Aikman，“The Attack of the Four Horsemen”, in The Delusion of Disbelief: Why the New Atheism is a Threat to Your Life, Liberty, and Pursuit of Happiness，Carol Stream, Ill.: SaltRiver, Tyndale House Publishers, →ISBN，頁 28:
      [Richard] Dawkins has received appreciative letters from people who were formerly what he derisively calls "faith-heads" who have abandoned their delusions and come over to the side of the brights, the pleasant green pastures where clear-eyed, brave, bold, and supremely brainy atheists graze contentedly.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
  4. (繪畫) 本詞語需要翻譯為漢語。請協助添加，並移除{{rfdef}}模板。

词源 2

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源自中古英語 brighte (“明亮地；（比喻义）极佳地，辉煌地；（指颜色）鲜艳的，清晰地；洪亮地，大声地”) [以及其他形式][4]，源自古英語 breohte、beorhte (西萨克逊) [以及其他形式]，最终源自原始日耳曼語 *berhtaz (“明亮的”)[5]，详见词源 1。

副词

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bright (比較級 more bright，最高級 most bright)

  1. (常書面) 明亮地，照耀地，发光地
    近義詞：brightly、glowingly、luminously、lustrously
  2. (比喻義)
    1. (指颜色) 明亮地，鲜艳地
    2. (古舊，指视觉，声音，理解力等) 清晰地
衍生词汇
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词源 3

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源自中古英語 brighten (“照亮；变亮；破晓；（比喻义）净化，纯化；解释，阐明”) [以及其他形式][6]，源自古英語 beorhtian (“照亮，照耀；发声清晰洪亮”) [以及其他形式]，可能源自beorht (“明亮的”，形容词)（详见词源 1） + -ian (从形容词和名词构成动词的后缀)。该词之后的使用可能亦直接派生自形容词。[7]

动词

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bright (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 brights，現在分詞 brighting，一般過去時及過去分詞 brighted) (主，英國方言)

  1. (及物，常后接up) 照亮
  2. (及物，比喻義，常后接up) 使...开心，让...乐观，给...带来活力
    近義詞：embrighten、(给...活力) enliven、delight、gladden、(使...开心，取悦) please
    • 1686，J[ohn] Goad，“The Sun, the Great Light, Justly Admired. […]”, in Astro-meteorologica, or, Aphorisms and Large Significant Discourses of the Natures and Influences of the Cœlestial Bodies; […]，第2nd版, London: […] O[badiah] B[lagrave] and sold by John Sprint, […], 出版於 1699, →OCLC, book I, § 2，頁 14:
      Toward Mid-day he [the Sun] brighteth the Air into a chearful Saphir, and guildeth the Borders of the very Clouds with a coſtly limbus.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
  3. (不及物，亦比喻義) （变得符合形容词的多个义项）
    近義詞：brighten
变位
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bright的變位
不定式 (to) bright
現在時 過去式
第一人稱單數 bright brighted
第二人稱單數 bright, brightest1 brighted, brightedst1
第三人稱單數 brights, brighteth1 brighted
複數 bright
虛擬語氣 bright
祈使語氣 bright —
分詞 brighting brighted

1古舊或棄用。

参考资料

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  1. ↑ “bright, adj.”在《MED Online》上的資料，Ann Arbor, Mich.:University of Michigan，2007。
  2. ↑ 对比“bright, adj. and n.”，OED Online Paid subscription required⁠，Oxford, Oxfordshire：Oxford University Press，March 2021年; “bright, adj. and n.”，Lexico，Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press，2019–present年.
  3. ↑ “bright, n.”在《MED Online》上的資料，Ann Arbor, Mich.:University of Michigan，2007。
  4. ↑ “brighte, adv.”在《MED Online》上的資料，Ann Arbor, Mich.:University of Michigan，2007。
  5. ↑ 对比“bright, adv.”，OED Online Paid subscription required⁠，Oxford, Oxfordshire：Oxford University Press，December 2020年; “bright, adv.”，Lexico，Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press，2019–present年.
  6. ↑ “bright, v.”在《MED Online》上的資料，Ann Arbor, Mich.:University of Michigan，2007。
  7. ↑ 对比“bright, v.”，OED Online Paid subscription required⁠，Oxford, Oxfordshire：Oxford University Press，December 2020年

延伸阅读

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来自“https://zh.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=bright&oldid=9129414”