apple
英语[编辑]
原始印歐語詞 |
---|
*h₂ébōl |
詞源[编辑]
源自中古英語 appel,來自古英語 æppel (“蘋果;水果(統稱);眼珠;球;球狀物;彈丸;藥丸”),來自原始日耳曼語 *aplaz (“蘋果”)(對比低地蘇格蘭語 aipple、西弗里斯蘭語 apel、荷蘭語 appel、德語 Apfel、瑞典語 äpple、丹麥語 æble),來自原始印歐語 *h₂ébōl、*h₂ébl̥ (“蘋果”)(對比威爾士語 afal、愛爾蘭語 úll、立陶宛語 óbuolỹs、俄語 я́блоко (jábloko),可能也與古希臘語 ἄμπελος (ámpelos, “葡萄酒”)有關)。[1][2]
发音[编辑]
名词[编辑]
apple (複數 apples)
- 蘋果(水果)(自9世紀起)
- c. 1378, William Langland, Piers Plowman:
- I prayed pieres to pulle adown an apple.
- Template:RQ:Austen Emma
- 2013 10月 28, John Vallins, “Apples of Concord”, 出自 The Guardian[1]:
- Close by and under cover, I watched the juicing process. Apples were washed, then tipped, stalks and all, into the crusher and reduced to pulp.
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- c. 1378, William Langland, Piers Plowman:
- 與蘋果相似的蔬果,例如custard apple (“釋迦,番荔枝”)、rose apple (“杯果木;蓮霧;蒲桃”)、thorn apple (“曼陀羅”)等等。(自9世紀起)
- 1585, Richard Eden (translating a 1555 work by Peter Martyr), Decades of the New World, v:
- Venemous apples wherwith they poyson theyr arrows.
- Template:RQ:Gerard Herball
- Template:RQ:Topsell Foure-footed Beastes
- 1658, trans. Giambattista della Porta, Natural Magick, I.16:
- In Persia there grows a deadly tree, whose Apples are Poison, and present death.
- 1765, Abraham Tucker, The Light of Nature Pursued, page 337:
- The fly injects her juices into the oak-leaf, to raise an apple for hatching her young.
- Template:RQ:Cook King Voyage
- 1800, John Tuke, General View of the Agriculture of the North Riding of Yorkshire, page 150:
- It is generally thought, that the curled topped potatoe proceeds from a neglect of raising fresh sorts from the apple or [potato-]seed.
- 1825, Theodric Romeyn Beck, Elements of Medical Jurisprudence, 2nd edition, page 565:
- Hippomane mancinella. (Manchineel-tree.) Dr. Peysonnel relates that a soldier, who was a slave with the Turks, eat some of the apples of this tree, and was soon seized with a swelling and pain of the abdomen.
- 1833, Charles Williams, The Vegetable World, page 179:
- One kind of apple or gall, inhabited only by one grub, is hard and woody on the outside, resembling a little wooden ball, of a yellowish color, but internally it is of a soft, spongy texture.
- 1853, Mrs. S. F. Cowper, Country Rambles in England, Or, Journal of a Naturalist, page 172:
- The cross-bill will have seeds from the apple, or cone of the fir—the green-finch, seeds from the uplands, or door of barn, or rick-yard.
- 1889, United States. Department of Agriculture, Report of the Secretary of Agriculture, page 376:
- The "apple" or gall usually forms a somewhat kidney-shaped excrescence, attached by a small base on the concave side, and varying in size from a half an inch to an inch and a half in length.
- 1585, Richard Eden (translating a 1555 work by Peter Martyr), Decades of the New World, v:
- 像蘋果的東西,例如球或胸部。
- 1705, J. S., City and Country Recreation, page 104:
- […] shrugging up her Shoulders, to shew the tempting Apples of her white Breasts, Then suddainly lets them sink again, to hide them, blushing, as if this had been done by chance.
- 1761, An Universal History: 源自the Earliest Accounts to the Present Time, page 508:
- […] count-palatine of the Rhine, who shall carry the globe or imperial apple; and, on his left, the marquis of Brandenburg carrying the scepter.
- 1851, Robert Bigsby, Old Places Revisited; Or the Antiquarians Enthusiast, page 200:
- The arms of Upland were a "golden apple," or globe, surrounded with a belt, in allusion to the monarchy.
- 1956, Marion Hargrove, The Girl He Left Behind: Or, All Quiet in the Third Platoon, page 129:
- Andy picked up his two grenades and followed the line into the pits. The apples felt strangely heavy in his hands, and when he looked at them one was as ugly and lethal-looking as the other.
- 1975, C. W. Smith, Country Music IX, 256:
- A peasant blouse that showed the tops of those lovely little apples.
- 2008, Harald Kleinschmidt, Ruling the Waves, Bibliotheca Humanistica & Refo
- Contrary to Henricus Martellus, Behaim included the tropics [on his globe...]. Evidently, there was no space for a Fourth Continent on Behaim's apple, although some recollection of the Catalan map seems to lie behind the shape of southern Africa.
- (棒球,俚語,棄用) 棒球的球。(自20世紀起)
- (非正式) 人微笑時臉頰凸起處
- 喉結(“Adam's apple”)
- 1898, Hugh Charles Clifford, Studies in Brown Humanity: Being Scrawls and Smudges in Sepia, White, and Yellow, page 99:
- The sweat of fear and exertion was streaming down his face and chest, and his breath came in short, tearing, hard-drawn gasps and gulps, while the apple in his throat leaped up and down ceaselessly […]
- 1922, Henry Williamson, Dandelion Days, page 113:
- Elsie went away with her parents to Belgium and the convent-school on the twelfth, and as they left The Firs in the battered station cab surrounded by boxes and trunks, Willie could not speak. The apple in his throat rose and remained there […]
- 1999, Liam O'Flaherty, The Collected Stories, Wolfhound Press (IE) (ISBN 9780863276644)
- The apple in his neck was hitting against his collar every time he drew breath and he tore at his collar nervously.
- 2005, Sandra Benitez, Night of the Radishes, Hyperion (ISBN 9781401307820)
- The apple in his neck bobbles as he gulps. “You've got to be kidding.” “No, I'm not. Your inheritance amounts to maybe three hundred thousand dollars."
- 2020, George R. R. Martin, A Storm of Swords, Bantam (ISBN 9780593158951), page 959:
- If the Hound had not been moving, the knife might have cored the apple of his throat; instead it only grazed his ribs, and wound up quivering in the wall near the door. He laughed then, a laugh as cold and hollow as if it had come from the bottom of a deep well.
- 1898, Hugh Charles Clifford, Studies in Brown Humanity: Being Scrawls and Smudges in Sepia, White, and Yellow, page 99:
- 1705, J. S., City and Country Recreation, page 104:
- (伊甸園的)禁果(自11世紀起)
- 1667, John Milton, “Book IX”, 出自 Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC,行號s 485–487:
- Him by fraud I have ſeduc'd / 源自his Creator, and the more to increaſe / Your wonder, with an Apple; […]
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- 1976, Joni Mitchell, "Song for Sharon":
- Sharon you've got a husband
- And a family and a farm
- I've got the apple of temptation
- And a diamond snake around my arm
- 1985, Barry Reckord, The White Witch:
- Woman ate the apple, and discovered sex, and lost all shame, and lift up her fig—leaf, and she must suffer the pains of hell. Monthly.
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- 蘋果樹 (自15世紀起)
- 1913, John Weathers, Commercial Gardening,頁號 38:
- If the grafted portion of an Apple or other tree were examined after one hundred years, the old cut surfaces would still be present, for mature or ripened wood, being dead, never unites.
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- 2000 P. A. Thomas, Trees: Their Natural History, page 227:
- This allows a weak plant to benefit from the strong roots of another, or a vigorous tree (such as an apple) to be kept small by growing on 'dwarfing rootstock'.
- 2012, Terri Reid, The Everything Guide to Living Off the Grid,頁號 77:
- Other fruit trees, like apples, need well-drained soil.
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- 蘋果樹的木材(自19世紀起)
- (以複數形式,Cockney rhyming slang) apples and pears(表示臺階的俚語)的縮略 (自20世紀起)
- (貶義,種族歧視語) 行爲、思考方式同白種人相似的美洲原住民。
- 1998, Opal J. Moore, “Git That Gal a Red Dress: A Conversation Between Female Faculty at a State School in Virginia”, 出自 Daryl Cumber Dance 編, Honey, Hush!: An Anthology of African American Women's Humor, W. W. Norton & Company, →ISBN,頁號 537:
- The presenter, close to tears, told the audience that she's really an apple—white on the inside and red on the outside—Native American.
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- (冰上曲棍球,俚語) 助攻
- (俚語) 民用無線電臺愛好者
- 1977, New Scientist (volume 74, page 764)
- Because of overcrowding, many a CB enthusiast (called an "apple") is strapping an illegal linear amplifier ("boots") on to his transceiver ("ears") […]
- 1977, New Scientist (volume 74, page 764)
衍生詞[编辑]
從 apple 所衍生的詞
- a bad tree does not yield good apples
- acid of apples
- Adam's apple
- alligator apple (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.)
- American as apple pie
- an apple a day; an apple a day keeps the doctor away
- an apple a day keeps the doctor at bay
- Apple
- apple aphid (apple aphis) (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.)
- apple banana (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template. × Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.)
- apple-bearing
- apple bee, apple-bee (Bombus pomorum)
- apple berry (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.)
- apple blight (Erwinia amylovora)
- apple blossom
- apple bobbing
- apple borer
- apple box, apple-box
- apple brandy
- apple brown tortrix (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.)
- apple bud and leaf mite (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.)
- apple bud moth (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.)
- apple bud weevil (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.)
- apple-bug
- apple bumblebee (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.)
- apple butter
- apple cake
- apple canker (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.)
- apple cart, apple-cart, applecart
- apple-catchers
- apple charlotte
- apple-cheeked
- apple-cheese
- apple cider
- apple cider vinegar
- apple clearwing moth (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.)
- apple core
- apple-corer
- apple crook, apple-crook
- apple crumble
- appled
- apple domain
- apple-domed
- apple-dowdy
- apple-drane (apple-drone)
- apple drops
- apple dumpling
- apple dumpling shop
- apple-eating
- apple-faced
- apple-fallow
- apple fly (Tephritidae spp., Drosophilidae)
- apple fritter
- apple fruit weevil, apple fruit rhynchites (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.)
- apple-garth
- apple geranium (Pelargonium odoratissimum)
- apple grain aphid (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.)
- apple-grass aphid (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.)
- apple green (apple-green)
- apple-grey
- apple groundling (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.)
- apple-gum
- apple head (applehead)
- apple-headed
- apple ice wine
- Apple Isle
- apple-jack (applejack)
- apple jacks
- apple jelly
- apple jelly nodules
- apple-john
- apple juice
- apple-knocker
- apple leaf midge
- apple leaf miner (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.)
- appleless
- apple-like, applelike
- apple liqueur
- apple maggot (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.)
- apple mango
- apple martini
- apple midge (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.)
- apple mint (applemint) (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.)
- apple-monger
- apple moss, apple-moss (Bartramia spp.)
- apple moth, apple-moth
- apple-mush
- apple nut
- apple of Adam
- apple of discord
- apple of Grenada
- apple of love
- apple of one's eye, apple of somebody's eye; apple of the eye, apple of someone's eye
- apple of Peru
- apple of Sodom
- apple-oil
- apple orchard
- apple pandowdy
- apple pear, apple-pear (Pyrus pyrifolia)
- apple-peeler
- apple-peru
- apple pie
- apple-plum
- apple-polish
- apple-polisher
- apple polisher
- apple-polishing
- apple-pomice
- apple potato bread
- apple Punic
- apple pygmy moth (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.)
- apple root aphid (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.)
- apple rose
- apple rust
- apple rust mite
- apples
- apples and oranges; apples to oranges (to compare)
- apples and pears
- apple sauce (applesauce)
- apple sawfly (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.)
- apple scab (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.)
- apple schnapps
- apple-scoop
- apple seed (appleseed)
- apple shell (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template. and Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.)
- apple-slump
- apple small ermine moth
- apple snail, apple-snail (Ampullariidae spp.)
- apple snow
- apples of gold
- Apples of the Hesperides
- apple sourpuss
- apple's queen
- apple-squire
- apple strudel
- apple sucker
- appletini
- Appletise; Appletiser
- apple tree
- apple turnover
- apple twig-cutter
- Apple Valley
- Apple Wassail
- apple-water
- apple wedger
- apple weevil; apple blossom weevil (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.)
- apple-wife
- apple wine
- apple-woman
- applewood
- apple worm (Cydia pomonella)
- applewort (Crataegus spp.)
- apple-yard
- applish
- a rotten apple spoils the barrel
- as sure as God made little apples (sure as God made little apples)
- bad apple
- bake-apple (bakeapple, baked-apple)
- baking apple
- Baldwin apple
- balsam apple, balm apple (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.)
- beach apple (Hippomane mancinella)
- bell apple
- bite at the apple, bite of the apple
- bitter apple (Citrullus colocynthis)
- black apple (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.)
- blade apple (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.)
- bob for apples
- bone apple tea
- Bragi's apples
- bush apple (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.)
- candied apple; candy apple
- caramel apple
- cashew apple
- cedar apple, cedar-apple rust (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template. spp.)
- cherry apple (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.)
- chess-apple (Sorbus torminalis)
- Chinese crab apple (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.)
- cider-apple
- coconut apple
- common thorn apple (Datura stramonium)
- compare apples with apples
- cooking apple
- crab apple (crabapple) (Malus spp.)
- Criterion apple
- custard apple (Annona app.)
- Dead Sea apple, Dead-Sea apple
- desert thorn apple, desert thorn-apple (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.)
- dessert apple
- devil's apple (Datura spp.)
- earth-apple
- eating apple
- egg apple
- elephant apple (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template. spp., etc.)
- English as apple pie
- eye-apple
- for sour apples
- fountain apple moss (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.)
- golden apple (Aegle marmelos)
- green apple aphid (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.)
- hedge apple (Maclura pomifera)
- hog apple, hogapple (Morinda citrifolia)
- horseapple (Maclura pomifera)
- how do you like them apples
- how do you like them apples?
- ice apple (Borassus flabellifer)
- Indian apple
- Jamaica apple, Jamaican apple (Syzygium malaccense)
- Java apple (Syzygium samarangense)
- Jew's apple (Solanum melongena)
- John-apple
- June-apple
- kangaroo apple (Solanum aviculare, Solanum vescum)
- Kei apple, kai apple, kei-apple (Dovyalis caffra)
- lady apple
- love apple
- Macoun apple
- mad apple
- Malay apple (Syzygium malaccense)
- mamey apple, mammee apple (Mammea spp.)
- Manchurian crab apple (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.)
- mandrake apple
- May apple, (mayapple)
- McIntosh apple
- median apple
- Micah Rood's apples
- mix apples and oranges
- monkey apple, monkey apple tree
- mountain apple (Syzygium malaccense)
- mulga apple
- Newton's apple
- oak apple, (oak-apple) (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template. spp.)
- Otaheite apple (Spondias dulcis)
- pear-apple
- Persian apple (Prunus persica)
- Peruvian apple cactus (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.)
- pineapple
- pink fir apple
- pitch apple (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.}
- polish the apple
- pond apple (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.)
- potato apple, (potato-apple)
- prairie apple
- prairie crab apple (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.)
- prickly custard apple (Annona muricata)
- Punic apple (Punica granatum)
- queen apple
- red apple (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.)
- road apple
- rose apple (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.; Syzygium spp.)
- rosey apple aphid (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.)
- rotten apple
- sage-apple
- sea apple, sea-apple
- seven-year apple
- sheld-apple (shell-apple)
- she'll be apples; she's apples
- Siberian crab apple (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.)
- snap apple
- Snapple
- snow apple, snow-apple
- soap apple (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.)
- sorb apple, sorb-apple
- southern crab apple (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.)
- star apple (Chrysophyllum cainito}
- stocking-apple
- stone apple (Aegle marmelos)
- sugar apple, sugar-apple (Annona squamosa)
- swamp apple (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.)
- sweet apple
- table apple
- taffy apple (toffee apple)
- the apple doesn't fall far from the tree
- the apples on the other side of the wall are the sweetest
- the Big Apple
- the Little Apple
- there are bad apples in every orchard
- there's a rotten apple in every barrel
- thorn-apple crystal
- thorn apple (Datura stramonium)
- toffee apple
- tropical soda apple (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.)
- vi-apple
- vine apple
- water apple (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.)
- wax apple (Syzygium samarangense)
- Westbury apple
- wild apple (Malus spp.)
- wild balsam apple
- wine apple
- winter apple (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.)
- wise apple, wise-apple
- wolf apple (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.)
- wood apple (Aegle marmelos etc.)
- woolly apple aphid (Lua错误 在Module:Taxlink的第68行:Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.)
- worm in the apple
- zombi apple
派生語彙[编辑]
- 托克皮辛語: apel
- → 阿貝納基語: aples (源自"apples")
- → 阿薩姆語: আপেল (apel)
- → 孟加拉語: আপেল (apel)
- → 迪維希語: އާފަލު (āfalu)
- → 富圖納語: apo
- → 斐濟語: yapolo
- → 斐濟印地語: aapul
- → 芬蘭語: äpüli
- → 馬來語: epal (馬來西亞)
- → 馬拉雅拉姆語: ആപ്പിൾ (āppiḷ)
- → 毛利語: āporo
- → 馬紹爾語: abōļ
- → 僧加羅語: ඇපල් (æpal)
- → 塞索托語: apole
- → 泰米爾語: ஆப்பிள் (āppiḷ)
- → 泰盧固語: ఆపిల్ (āpil)
- → 泰語: แอปเปิล (ɛ́p-bpə̂n)
- → 托克勞語: apu
- → 尤羅克語: ˀɹplɹs (源自"apples")
參見[编辑]
參考文獻[编辑]
- ↑ Douglas Harper (2001–2024), “apple”, 《在线词源词典》(Online Etymology Dictionary)
- ↑ dictionary.com
分类:
- 來自原始印歐語詞根*h₂ébōl的英語詞
- 源自中古英語的英語繼承詞
- 派生自中古英語的英語詞
- 源自古英語的英語繼承詞
- 派生自古英語的英語詞
- 源自原始日耳曼語的英語繼承詞
- 派生自原始日耳曼語的英語詞
- 源自原始印歐語的英語繼承詞
- 派生自原始印歐語的英語詞
- 英語2音節詞
- 有國際音標的英語詞
- 有音頻鏈接的英語詞
- Rhymes:英語/æpəl
- 英語詞元
- 英語名詞
- 英語可數名詞
- 有引文的英語詞
- 英語 棒球
- 英語俚語
- 英語棄用詞語
- 英語非正式用語
- 需要清理的引用模板
- Cockney rhyming slang
- 英語貶義用語
- 英語種族歧視語
- 英語 冰上曲棍球
- Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)
- 含有未建立詞條的英語分類名稱的頁面
- 英语 水果