alight

英语

发音

原始印歐語詞
*úd

(標準英音，通用美式) 英語發音：ə-līt'、國際音標^(幫助)：/əˈlaɪt/
（通用美式）音频： (檔案)
韻部：-aɪt

词源 1

源自中古英語 alighten (“（从某处）下来；下（车，马）；到达，停在；着陆；掉落；攻击；（雷，闪电）打，击；跳上（马背等）；（段位，官阶）下降；使...（的段位，官阶）下降；出现，涌现；减轻；（基督教，指基督，天使，圣灵，奇迹等）下凡，降临；下（地狱）；（某事）降临到，发生到”) [以及其他形式]，^[1]融合自：^[2]

古英語 ālīhtan (“下（车马）”)，源自ā- (“离，出，走”, 前缀) + līhtan、līehtan (“降临；使...变轻，减轻”)，最终源自原始印歐語 *h₁lengʷʰ- (“轻”)；和
古英語 ġelīhtan (“下（车马）；使...变轻，使...变简单；减轻”)，源自ġe- (程度增强前缀，接于动词表示完成，完满) + līhtan、līehtan（见上）。

英语中，作a- (表示“离，出，走”的前缀) +‎ light (“使...简单，使...变轻；拿走；从...卸货；（古旧）降落，着陆；下（车马）”)分析。

同源词

中古低地德語 erlichten (“使...变轻”)
古高地德語 gilīhten (“使...变轻”)（中古高地德語 gelīhten）、古高地德語 irlīhten (“减轻”)（中古高地德語 erlīhten，现代德語 erleichten）

动词

alight (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 alights，現在分詞 alighting，一般過去時及過去分詞 alighted 或 alit)

(及物，亦比喻義，棄用) 使...变轻（质量，程度等）；减轻，缓解
近義詞： (古旧) alighten
(不及物)
1. （常与from或off连用）下（车，马等）；(引申义) 完成旅途，停下
  近義詞： (古旧) alighten、(古旧) light、disembark、debark、get off、get out、unlight
  
  He alighted from his horse.
  他下了马。
  
  Passengers are alighting from the carriage.
  乘客们正从马车上下来。
  - Template:RQ:Shakespeare Merchant of Venice Q1
  - Template:RQ:Dekker Non-dramatic Works
  - Template:RQ:Cervantes Shelton Don Quixote
  - Template:RQ:Richardson Pamela
  - Template:RQ:Sterne Tristram Shandy
  - Template:RQ:Defoe Crusoe
  - Template:RQ:R. F. Burton Arabian Nights
  - 1939 June, “Pertinent Paragraphs: A Surprise at Didcot”, 出自 The Railway Magazine, Westminster, London: IPC Transport Press, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁號 452:
    Dashing back to my compartment, I grabbed my impedimenta—what my companion thought of the maniac who alighted at a station only half-way to the first booked stop I don't know!—got out, hurried under the subway, and was into my 10.45 comfortably before its departure.
    （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
  - 2021年11月3日, Paul Stephen, “As Far North as You Can Go … to Thurso”, 出自 Rail, 期 943, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire: Bauer Media, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁號 49:
    That, combined with the fact that I alight with only four or five other passengers, is a sad reminder of how most people continue to choose to travel to this far-flung corner of the UK.
    （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
2. (亦比喻義，常接at、on或upon，指空中的对象) 降落，着陆，停下
  A flying bird alights upon a tree.
  飞鸟停在了一棵树上。
  
  Snow alights on a roof.
  雪积在屋顶上。
  - 1590, 埃德蒙·斯宾塞, “Book I, Canto III”, 出自仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]）, London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 20，頁號 38:
    His fearefull freends vveare out the vvofull night, / Ne dare to vveepe, nor ſeeme to vnderſtand / The heauie hap, vvhich on them is alight, / Affraid, leaſt to themſelues the like miſhappen might.
    （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
  - 1667, John Milton, “Book IV”, 出自 Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC，行號s 395–397:
    Then from his loftie ſtand on that high Tree / Down he alights among the ſportful Herd / Of thoſe fourfooted kindes, himſelf now one, […]
    （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
  - Template:RQ:Pope Iliad
  - Template:RQ:Byron Mazeppa
  - 2012, Andrew Martin, “The World of Charles Pearson”, 出自 Underground Overground: A Passenger’s History of the Tube, paperback版, London: Profile Books, 出版於 2013, →ISBN，頁號 25:
    In 1851 the Great Northern Railway had reached London and began operating into a terminus at Maiden Lane, just north of the New Road [later renamed Euston Road]. In 1854 they moved up to the New Road itself, with the opening of King's Cross station, east of Euston. The railways were alighting on the New Road like birds perching on a branch (the Midland Railway would open St Pancras, between Euston and King's Cross in 1868), and [Charles] Pearson took note.
    （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
3. (古舊) 下来，降下
4. (常接on、upon) 重重压到
  - Template:RQ:Dryden Aeneis
5. (比喻義，常接on或upon) 偶然找到，偶然碰到
6. (棄用) 到达
  - Template:RQ:Shirley Maides Revenge

变位

alight的變位

不定式	(to) alight
	現在時	過去式
第一人稱單數	alight	alighted
第二人稱單數	alight, alightest¹	alighted, alightedst¹
第三人稱單數	alights, alighteth¹	alighted
複數	alight

虛擬語氣	alight

祈使語氣	alight	—

分詞	alighting	alighted

¹古舊或棄用。

衍生词汇

词源 2

动词可能另派生自其他词：^[3]

源自中古英語 alighten (“点燃；开始燃烧；变明亮；激起，唤起；（比喻义）启迪，启发”) [以及其他形式]，^[4]源自古英語 ālīhtan、ālȳhtan (“点亮”)（可能仿拉丁語 illūmināre，illūminō (“照亮”)的现在主动不定式），源自ā- (表示“离，出，走”的前缀) + līhtan、līehtan (“闪亮，照耀；照亮”)（最终源自原始印歐語 *lewk- (“看；闪；亮”)）；和
源自中古英語 onlighten (“使...发光；（比喻义）启迪，启发”) [以及其他形式]，^[5]源自古英語 onlīhtan，inlīhtan (“照亮；使...发光；发光；（比喻义）使...醍醐灌顶，启发”)的一个变体，源自原始日耳曼語 *inliuhtijaną (“照亮”)，源自*in (“进”) + *liuhtijaną (“照亮”)（最终源自原始印歐語 *lewk-，见上）；和
alight (形容词)的晚期用法。

英语中，作a- (表示“离，出，走”的前缀) +‎ light (“点（火）；点燃；燃起来；照亮；照路”)分析。

形容词和副词派生自晚期中古英語 alight (形容词) [以及其他形式]，源自古英語 ālīht、ālȳht，^[3]古英語 ālīhtan、ālȳhtan (动词，见上)的过去分词形式；但随后亦被解读为a- (表示“到，上，于”的前缀，用来表示条件、状态或方式) +‎ light (“明亮的，清晰的”)。^[6]

同源词

德語 erleuchten (“照亮”)

动词

alight (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 alights，現在分詞 alighting，一般過去時及過去分詞 alit 或 alighted) (及物，亦比喻義，古舊)

照亮
近義詞：參見Thesaurus:illuminate

反義詞： darken
使...亮起；点燃
- Template:RQ:Cervantes Shelton Don Quixote

变位

alight的變位

不定式	(to) alight
	現在時	過去式
第一人稱單數	alight	alighted
第二人稱單數	alight, alightest¹	alighted, alightedst¹
第三人稱單數	alights, alighteth¹	alighted
複數	alight

虛擬語氣	alight

祈使語氣	alight	—

分詞	alighting	alighted

¹古舊或棄用。

衍生词汇

alighting (名词)

形容词

alight (無比較級)

燃烧的，着火的
The burning embers and the dry wind quickly set the whole neighbourhood alight.
燃着的灰烬和干燥的风很快将附近的所有房子点燃了。

The sticks were damp and wouldn’t catch alight.
火柴湿了，划不着。
- 1961 February, Balmore [pseudonym], “Driving and Firing Modern French Steam Locomotives – Part One”, 出自 Trains Illustrated, London: Ian Allan Publishing, →ISSN, →OCLC，頁號 110:
  With a heavy load of 650 tons for Arras and Lille we started very quietly, with about a third of a glass of water, and the fire barely alight. This frightened me, but I had reckoned without the 4-6-4's American mechanical stoker.
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
(常接with) 发光的；颜色鲜艳的，艳丽的
近義詞：參見Thesaurus:shining

反義詞：參見Thesaurus:dark
1. (指电光源) 开的，发光的
(比喻義，因感情或活动而) 发柔光的
Her face was alight with happiness.
她的脸充满了欣喜。
- Template:RQ:Dickens Pictures from Italy

用法说明

形容词仅能作表语。

副词

alight (不可比)

(亦比喻義，主要用于set alight) 燃着
- Template:RQ:Hawthorne Marble Faun

衍生词汇

set alight

参考资料

↑ “alighten, v.(1)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
↑ “alight, v.¹”, OED Online ⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, December 2021; “alight¹, v.”, Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 “alight, v.²”, OED Online ⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, December 2021
↑ “alighten, v.(2)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
↑ “onlighten, v.(1)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
↑ “alight, adj. and adv.”, OED Online ⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, December 2021; “alight², adjective.”, Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.

[1] “alighten, v.(1)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

[2] “alight, v.¹”, OED Online ⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, December 2021; “alight¹, v.”, Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.

[OED-3] 3.0 ^3.1 “alight, v.²”, OED Online ⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, December 2021

[4] “alighten, v.(2)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

[5] “onlighten, v.(1)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

[6] “alight, adj. and adv.”, OED Online ⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, December 2021; “alight², adjective.”, Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

英语

发音

词源 1

动词

变位

衍生词汇

相关词汇

词源 2

动词

变位

衍生词汇

形容词

用法说明

副词

衍生词汇

参考资料