Template:Bg-conj/doc
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Parameters
[编辑]Normally there is only one parameter to specify, e.g.
{{bg-conj|гово́ря<2.1.impf.tr>}}
which produces
гово́ря的變位（第2.1類變位，非完整體，及物）
| 分詞 | 現在主動分詞 | 過去主動不定過去分詞 | 過去主動未完成分詞 | 過去被動分詞 | 動名詞 | 副詞性分詞 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 陽性 | 不定 | гово́рещ govórešt |
гово́рил, говори́л1 govóril, govoríl1 |
гово́рел govórel |
гово́рен govóren |
гово́рейки govórejki | |
| 定主語形式 | гово́рещият govóreštijat |
гово́рилият, говори́лият1 govórilijat, govorílijat1 |
— | гово́реният govórenijat | |||
| 定賓語形式 | гово́рещия govóreštija |
гово́рилия, говори́лия1 govórilija, govorílija1 |
— | гово́рения govórenija | |||
| 陰性 | 不定 | гово́реща govórešta |
гово́рила, говори́ла1 govórila, govoríla1 |
гово́рела govórela |
гово́рена govórena | ||
| 定 | гово́рещата govóreštata |
гово́рилата, говори́лата1 govórilata, govorílata1 |
— | гово́рената govórenata | |||
| 中性 | 不定 | гово́рещо govórešto |
гово́рило, говори́ло1 govórilo, govorílo1 |
гово́рело govórelo |
гово́рено govóreno |
гово́рене govórene | |
| 定 | гово́рещото govóreštoto |
гово́рилото, говори́лото1 govóriloto, govoríloto1 |
— | гово́реното govórenoto |
гово́ренето govóreneto | ||
| 複數 | 不定 | гово́рещи govórešti |
гово́рили, говори́ли1 govórili, govoríli1 |
гово́рели govóreli |
гово́рени govóreni |
гово́рения, гово́ренета govórenija, govóreneta | |
| 定 | гово́рещите govóreštite |
гово́рилите, говори́лите1 govórilite, govorílite1 |
— | гово́рените govórenite |
гово́ренията, гово́ренетата govórenijata, govórenetata | ||
1方言標記.
The general format is the verb lemma (the first person singular present indicative, which may be followed by се (se) or си (si) for a reflexive verb), followed by a spec in angle brackets. The format of the spec is
<CONJ.PROPS>
where CONJ is one of 1.1 through 1.7, 2.1 through 2.3, 3 or irreg. The conjugation code 3. may be omitted and this is customarily done, as such verbs (which are extremely common) can be autodetected by the -м at the end of the lemma. The PROPS are separated by a .. The following properties are required:
- Aspect:
impffor imperfective,pffor perfective, orbothfor biaspectual. - Transitivity:
trfor transitive,intrfor intransitive. All non-reflexive verbs must specify the transitivity. This controls the presence of the past passive participle; if a verb can be either transitive or intransitive, specify it as transitive. - Verbal noun:
vna(verbal noun comes from aorist stem),vni(verbal noun comes from imperfect stem),vnai(both types of verbal noun exist, with the aorist-based one listed first),vnia(both types of verbal noun exist, with the imperfect-based one listed first),vn?(verbal noun unknown, and all forms will display as a question mark). Imperfective verbs in certain of the1.*conjugations must include one of these codes to specify whether the verbal noun comes from the aorist stem, imperfect stem, or both. If you omit this property when it's required, you'll get an error showing the two possible verbal nouns and the corresponding code to select each form; look up the two forms in Речник на Българския Език [1] to see which of the forms exist(s). Note that this only applies to imperfective verbs, and not to the following classes (which includes all the most common classes):1.2in -на and -ра́;1.7in -е́я, -и́я, -у́я and -ю́я;2.1;2.2;3; andirreg.
The following additional properties exist:
- Past passive participle ending:
нfor -н,тfor -т,нтif both -н and -т endings are possible (with -н listed first), andтнif both -т and -н endings are possible (with -т listed first). Most verbs have past passive participles (PPP's) in -н, while some conjugations (e.g. conjugation 1.2 verbs in -на) have PPP's in -т. Conjugation 1.7 verbs are unique in that some of them have PPP's in -н, some in -т, and some in both. Specifically, conjugation 1.7 verbs in -ма, -и́я, -у́я and -ю́я always have PPP's in -т, while for others, it depends on the verb. To specify the PPP ending for these verbs, use one of the above-mentioned properties. If omitted, these verbs will default to -н. impers: Specify that this is an impersonal verb. The lemma should be given in the third-person singular present indicative instead of the first-person singular, as is normal.-pref: Verbs whose aorist is stressed on the stem (which includes all verbs whose lemma is stem-stressed, as well as verbs of conjugation 1.1 and a couple exceptional ending-stressed verbs of conjugation 1.2) have an alternative ending-stressed aorist that is nowadays dialectally marked but is still included in the verb tables (with a footnote indicating its dialectal nature). However, this alternative aorist does not exist for prefixed perfective verbs. For stem-stressed perfective verbs, the module attempts to guess whether they are prefixed by checking to see if they begin with any of the following:- в- (only when followed by a consonant), въ-, до-, за-, из-, на- (which includes над-), о- (only when followed by a consonant, which includes об- and от-), по- (which includes под-), пре- (which includes пред-), при-, про-, раз-, с- (only when followed by a consonant), съ- or у-.
- This will result in occasional false positives, i.e. non-prefixed perfectives that look like prefixed perfectives. This happens especially in verbs beginning with с- + consonant, e.g. сре́щна (sréštna, “to encounter”) (a suffixed perfective using -на; compare imperfective сре́щам (sréštam)) and ста́на (stána, “to become”). Such verbs should be marked with the
-prefproperty.
Guide to verbal classes:
[编辑]- Conjugation 1: 2nd singular present in -еш.
- Class 1.1: Lemma ends in stressed -а́ (always after т, д, с or к). Exception: вля́за, сля́за, which are irregular in many ways. 1st singular aorist in unstressed -ох.
- Class 1.2: Quite common class. Lemma ends in -а (may or may not be stressed; normally never follows т, д, с, з, к, or a hushing consonant, although ве́за "to embroider" is an exception). A common subclass ends in unstressed -на. 1st singular aorist in -ах with stress matching lemma (if stress on stem, also has dialectal ending-stressed aorist in -а́х).
- Special case: verbs in -ера́, which lose the -е- in the aorist.
- Special case: греба́, гриза́, with stem-stressed aorists гре́бах, гри́зах.
- Class 1.3: A small class. Lemma ends in unstressed -я; 1st singular aorist in -ах (also has dialectal ending-stressed aorist in -а́х).
- Class 1.4: A small class. Lemma ends in unstressed -а after a hushing consonant. 1st singular aorist in -ах and final stem consonant changes to its non-iotated equivalent (ж -> г in лъ́жа, стри́жа, стъ́ржа and derivatives, otherwise з; ч-> к; ш -> с). Also has dialectal ending-stressed aorist in -а́х.
- Class 1.5: A very small class. Lemma ends in consonant + stressed -ра (exception: ща). 1st singular aorist in -я́х.
- Class 1.6: A small class. Lemma ends in -е́я, -а́я or rarely -я́я. 1st singular aorist in -ях. Also has dialectal ending-stressed aorist in -я́х.
- Beware: зна́я is in this class, but prefixed derivatives are in class 1.7.
- Class 1.7: A fairly large class. Lemma ends in stressed vowel + -я. 1st singular aorist ends in -х directly added onto the final vowel of the stem. (The common subclass of verbs in -е́я have aorist in -я́х, or -а́х after a hushing consonant.)
- Conjugation 2: 2nd singular present in -иш.
- Class 2.1: Extremely common class. Lemma ends in -я (or -а after a hushing consonant), may or may not have ending stress. 1st singular aorist in -их with stress matching lemma (if stress on stem, also has dialectal ending-stressed aorist in -и́х).
- Class 2.2: Lemma ends in stressed -я́ (not after a hushing consonant), 1st singular aorist in -я́х.
- Class 2.3: Lemma ends in stressed -а́ after a hushing consonant, 1st singular aorist in -а́х.
- Conjugation 3: Lemma ends in -ам or -ям (never with ending stress). Corresponds to Russian verbs in -ать (-atʹ)/-ять (-jatʹ) with 1st singular in -аю/-яю.
The following verbs (along with their prefixed derivatives) are currently recognized as irregular and should use the irreg conjugation:
- беле́жа (beléža, “to mark”)
- ви́дя (vídja, “to see”)
- знам (znam, “to know”)
- дам (dam, “to give”)
- до́йда (dójda, “to come”)
- за́йда (zájda, “to start coming, to start falling (of rain or snow); dialectal”)
- и́да (ída, “to come, to go”)
- ме́ля (mélja, “to mill, to grind”)
- ко́ля (kólja, “to slaughter (an animal)”)
- кълна́ (kǎlná, “to curse”)
- мо́га (móga, “to be able”)
- спя (spja, “to sleep”)
- ям (jam, “to eat”)
The following irregular verbs (along with their prefixed derivatives) should use the specified conjugations: