cringe
英语[编辑]
词源[编辑]
动词派生自中古英语 crengen (“高傲地俯身,屈尊”) [以及其他形式],[1]源自古英语 *crenċan、*crenċġan、*crengan (“使...倒下,使翻转”),crinċġan (“屈服;畏缩;倒下;死亡”)的使役动词,[2]源自原始日耳曼语 *krangijaną (“使倒下”),源自原始日耳曼语 *kringaną、*krinkaną (“倒下;翻转;屈服”)(源自原始印欧语 *grenǵʰ- (“翻转”))+ *-janą (从强变化动词构成“导致某人某物做某事”一意的使役动词)。英语词与丹麦语 krænge (“翻出内侧,使...外翻”)、荷兰语 krengen (“猛然转向”)、低地苏格兰语 crenge、creenge、creinge、crienge (“畏缩,耸肩”)、瑞典语 kränga (“猛然转向;猛然前倾;掷”)和西弗里斯兰语 kringe (“捏;戳;推;坚持,催促”)同源,且是crinkle的同源对似词。
名词[3]和形容词派生自动词。
发音[编辑]
动词[编辑]
cringe (第三人称单数简单现在时 cringes,现在分词 cringing,一般过去时及过去分词 cringed)
- (不及物) 畏缩,退缩
- He cringed as the bird collided with the window.
- 那只鸟撞到窗子上,让他[吓得]缩了一下身子。
- Template:RQ:Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress
- Template:RQ:Melville Moby-Dick
- 1860, [John B. Newman], “The Combat”, 出自 Wa-Wa-Wanda: A Legend of Old Orange, New York, N.Y.: Rudd & Carleton, […], →OCLC,页号 28:
- Here the angel ceased, and frowning, / Hurled his heavy gauntlet at him; / Hurled, as best he could, the creature, / Cringing as the Serpent cringeth, / Coiled, and with his crest uplifted; / And then prone upon his belly, / Crawled away upon his belly, [...]
- (请为本引文添加中文翻译)
- Template:RQ:London Jerry
- (不及物,比喻义) 畏惧,恐惧,恶心;(引申义)十分尴尬
- (不及物) (卑微地)躬身或蹲伏,卑躬屈膝
- 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], “Loue of Learning; or Ouer-much Study. With a Digression of the Misery of Schollers, and Why the Muses are Melancholy.”, 出自 The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd版, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 1, section 2, member 3, subsection 15,页号 113:
- [I]f they keepe their wits, yet they are accompted fooles by reaſon of their carriage, becauſe they cannot ride a horſe, which euery Clowne can doe; ſalute and court a Gentlewoman, carue at table, cringe and make congies, which euery common ſwaſher can doe, [...]
- (请为本引文添加中文翻译)
- 1667, John Milton, “Book IV”, 出自 Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; 再版为 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC,行号s 958–961:
- And thou ſly hypocrite, who now wouldſt ſeem / Patron of liberty, who more then thou / Once fawn'd,and cring'd, and ſervilly ador'd / Heav'ns awful Monarch?
- (请为本引文添加中文翻译)
- 1846, Thomas Cooper, “To the Countess of Blessington”, 出自 The Baron’s Yule Feast: A Christmas-rhyme, London: Jeremiah How, […], →OCLC:
- Lady, receive a tributary lay / 源自one who cringeth not to titled state / Conventional, and lacking will to prate / Of comeliness— [...]
- (请为本引文添加中文翻译)
- 1891, Edgar Fawcett, “How a Queen Loved”, 出自 Songs of Doubt and Dream: (Poems), New York, N.Y., Toronto, Ont.: Funk & Wagnalls, →OCLC, stanza I,页号 155:
- Humbly thou cringest that with nod of head / Couldst fling me seaward from they steepest cliffs!
- (请为本引文添加中文翻译)
- Template:RQ:London Faith of Men
- Template:RQ:Du Bois Souls of Black Folk
- (不及物,比喻义) 献媚,拍马屁;卑躬屈膝
- 1782, John Brown, “The Christian Journal of a Summer-day”, 出自 The Christian Journal; or, Common Incidents, Spiritual Instructors. […], 4th版, Edinburgh: […] Gavin Alston; [s]old by William Coke, […], →OCLC,页号 119:
- Here the beggar accoſts me; had I appeared as himſelf, he had aſked nothing: but now he uncovers, he cringeth, he cries for relief.
- (请为本引文添加中文翻译)
- 1851, Thomas Babington Macaulay, 章号 XI, 出自 The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, 卷 III, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC,页号 105:
- Their [the clergy's] chief business, during a quarter of a century, had been to teach the people to cringe and the prince to domineer.
- (请为本引文添加中文翻译)
- 1880 6月 23, Richard F[rancis] Burton, “The Ethnology of Modern Midian”, 出自 Transactions of the Royal Society of Literature of the United Kingdom, 卷 XII (Second Series), London: John Murray, […]; Trübner and Co., […], 出版于 1882, →OCLC, part I (Notices of the Tribes of Midian, [...]),页号 286:
- Even to the present day the Arabs consider treating a Hutaymi as unmanly as to strike a woman. When a Felláh says to another, "Tat'hattim" (= Tat'maskin, or Tat'zallí), he means, "Thou cringest, thou makest thyself contemptible (as a Hutaymi)."
- (请为本引文添加中文翻译)
- (及物,弃用) 将...拉近(身体部位);皱起(脸)
- (及物,弃用) 对...点头哈腰;(点头哈腰地)陪同
变位[编辑]
cringe的变位
其他形式[编辑]
- crinch (方言)
衍生词汇[编辑]
参见[编辑]
名词[编辑]
- (可数) 畏缩,退缩
- He glanced with a cringe at the mess on his desk.
- 他怯生生地瞥了一眼桌上乱七八糟的东西。
- (可数,比喻义) 卑躬屈膝
- (可数,英国,方言) 抽筋,痉挛
- (不可数,俚语) 尴尬
- There was so much cringe in that episode!
- 那一集也太尬了。
形容词[编辑]
cringe (比较级 more cringe,最高级 most cringe)
- (俚语) 令人尴尬的 (指让人尴尬到不适的)
- 近义词: cringemaking、cringeworthy、cringybased、cringy
- 反义词: (网络用语) based
注释[编辑]
- ↑ From Charles Reade (1861), XXXIII, The Cloister and the Hearth: A Tale of the Middle Ages, 卷II (The Autobiography of a Thief), illustrated library版, Boston, Mass.; New York, N.Y.: Colonial Press Company, 出版于c. 1900, OCLC 247436795, illustration between pages 312 and 313.
参考资料[编辑]
- ↑ “crenǧen, v.” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- ↑ 对比“cringe, v.”, OED Online , Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, November 2010; “cringe, v.”, Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.
- ↑ “cringe, n.”, OED Online , Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, November 2010; “cringe, n.”, Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.
异序词[编辑]
意大利语[编辑]
词源[编辑]
名词[编辑]
cringe m (无屈折)
波兰语[编辑]
词源[编辑]
发音[编辑]
名词[编辑]
cringe m 无生
变格[编辑]
cringe的变格
单数 | 复数 | |
---|---|---|
主格 | cringe | cringe'e |
属格 | cringe'u | cringe'ów |
与格 | cringe'owi | cringe'om |
宾格 | cringe | cringe'e |
工具格 | cringe'em | cringe'ami |
方位格 | cringe'u | cringe'ach |
呼格 | cringe'u | cringe'e |
延伸阅读[编辑]
- 参见cringe 在 Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN 中的内容
- 参见波兰语词典PWN上有关cringe的内容
西班牙语[编辑]
词源[编辑]
名词[编辑]
cringe m (复数 cringe)
形容词[编辑]
cringe (无屈折)
- (新词) 令人尴尬的
分类:
- 缺少作者和编辑参数的参考模板
- 派生自原始印欧语的英语词
- 来自原始印欧语词根*grenǵʰ-的英语词
- 源自中古英语的英语继承词
- 派生自中古英语的英语词
- 源自古英语的英语继承词
- 派生自古英语的英语词
- 源自原始日耳曼语的英语继承词
- 派生自原始日耳曼语的英语词
- 英语同源对似词
- 英语1音节词
- 有国际音标的英语词
- 有音频链接的英语词
- Rhymes:英语/ɪndʒ
- Rhymes:英语/ɪndʒ/1音节
- 英语词元
- 英语动词
- 英语不及物动词
- 有使用例的英语词
- 有引文的英语词
- 英语及物动词
- 英语弃用词语
- 英语名词
- 英语不可数名词
- 英语可数名词
- 英国英语
- 英语方言用语
- 英语俚语
- 英语形容词
- 源自英语的意大利语借词
- 派生自英语的意大利语词
- 意大利语词元
- 意大利语名词
- 意大利语无屈折名词
- 意大利语可数名词
- 意大利语阳性名词
- 意大利语新词
- 源自英语的波兰语借词
- 源自英语的波兰语非同化借词
- 派生自英语的波兰语词
- 波兰语1音节词
- 有国际音标的波兰语词
- Rhymes:波兰语/int͡ʂ
- Rhymes:波兰语/int͡ʂ/1音节
- 波兰语词条发音音讯档案请求
- 波兰语词元
- 波兰语名词
- 波兰语阳性名词
- 波兰语无生名词
- 波兰语俚语
- 源自英语的西班牙语借词
- 派生自英语的西班牙语词
- 西班牙语词元
- 西班牙语名词
- 西班牙语可数名词
- 西班牙语阳性名词
- 西班牙语新词
- 西班牙语形容词
- 西班牙语无屈折形容词