cringe

英语

词源

动词派生自中古英語 crengen (“高傲地俯身，屈尊”) [以及其他形式]，^[1]源自古英語 *crenċan、*crenċġan、*crengan (“使...倒下，使翻转”)，crinċġan (“屈服；畏缩；倒下；死亡”)的使役动词，^[2]源自原始日耳曼語 *krangijaną (“使倒下”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *kringaną、*krinkaną (“倒下；翻转；屈服”)（源自原始印歐語 *grenǵʰ- (“翻转”)）+ *-janą (从强变化动词构成“导致某人某物做某事”一意的使役动词)。英语词与丹麥語 krænge (“翻出内侧，使...外翻”)、荷蘭語 krengen (“猛然转向”)、低地蘇格蘭語 crenge、creenge、creinge、crienge (“畏缩，耸肩”)、瑞典語 kränga (“猛然转向；猛然前倾；掷”)和西弗里斯蘭語 kringe (“捏；戳；推；坚持，催促”)同源，且是crinkle 的同源對似詞。

名词^[3]和形容词派生自动词。

发音

(標準英音，通用美式) 國際音標^(幫助): /kɹɪnd͡ʒ/
（通用美式）音频： (檔案)
韻部：-ɪndʒ

动词

cringe (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 cringes，現在分詞 cringing，簡單過去時和過去分詞 cringed)

(不及物) 畏缩，退缩
He cringed as the bird collided with the window.
那只鸟撞到窗子上，让他[吓得]缩了一下身子。
- Template:RQ:Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress
- 1851年 11月14日，赫爾曼·梅爾維爾，「A Bosom Friend」，收錄於白鯨記，1st American版，紐約州紐約：Harper & Brothers；London: Richard Bentley，→OCLC，55頁：
  And besides all this, there was a certain lofty bearing about the Pagan, which even his uncouthness could not altogether maim. He looked like a man who had never cringed and never had had a creditor.
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 1860, [John B. Newman], “The Combat”, in Wa-Wa-Wanda: A Legend of Old Orange, New York, N.Y.: Rudd & Carleton, […], →OCLC, page 28:
  Here the angel ceased, and frowning, / Hurled his heavy gauntlet at him; / Hurled, as best he could, the creature, / Cringing as the Serpent cringeth, / Coiled, and with his crest uplifted; / And then prone upon his belly, / Crawled away upon his belly, [...]
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- Template:RQ:London Jerry
(不及物，比喻義) 畏惧，恐惧，恶心；(引申义)十分尴尬
(不及物) （卑微地）躬身或蹲伏，卑躬屈膝
- 1624，Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton]，「Loue of Learning; or Ouer-much Study. With a Digression of the Misery of Schollers, and Why the Muses are Melancholy.」，收錄於The Anatomy of Melancholy: […]，2nd版，Oxford, Oxfordshire：Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps，→OCLC，「partition 1, section 2, member 3, subsection 15」，113頁：
  [I]f they keepe their wits, yet they are accompted fooles by reaſon of their carriage, becauſe they cannot ride a horſe, which euery Clowne can doe; ſalute and court a Gentlewoman, carue at table, cringe and make congies, which euery common ſwaſher can doe, [...]
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 1667，John Milton，「Book IV」，收錄於Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books，London： […] [Samuel Simmons], […]，→OCLC；再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […]，London：Basil Montagu Pickering […]，1873，→OCLC，958–961行：
  And thou ſly hypocrite, who now wouldſt ſeem / Patron of liberty, who more then thou / Once fawn'd,and cring'd, and ſervilly ador'd / Heav'ns awful Monarch?
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 1846，Thomas Cooper，「To the Countess of Blessington」，收錄於The Baron’s Yule Feast: A Christmas-rhyme，London：Jeremiah How, […]，→OCLC：
  Lady, receive a tributary lay / 源自one who cringeth not to titled state / Conventional, and lacking will to prate / Of comeliness— [...]
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 1891, Edgar Fawcett, “How a Queen Loved”, in Songs of Doubt and Dream: (Poems), New York, N.Y.; Toronto, Ont.: Funk & Wagnalls, →OCLC, stanza I, page 155:
  Humbly thou cringest that with nod of head / Couldst fling me seaward from they steepest cliffs!
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- Template:RQ:London Faith of Men
- Template:RQ:Du Bois Souls of Black Folk
(不及物，比喻義) 献媚，拍马屁；卑躬屈膝
- 1782, John Brown, “The Christian Journal of a Summer-day”, in The Christian Journal; or, Common Incidents, Spiritual Instructors. […], 4th edition, Edinburgh: […] Gavin Alston; [s]old by William Coke, […], →OCLC, page 119:
  Here the beggar accoſts me; had I appeared as himſelf, he had aſked nothing: but now he uncovers, he cringeth, he cries for relief.
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 1851, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter XI, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume III, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC, page 105:
  Their [the clergy's] chief business, during a quarter of a century, had been to teach the people to cringe and the prince to domineer.
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 1880 June 23, Richard F[rancis] Burton, “The Ethnology of Modern Midian”, in Transactions of the Royal Society of Literature of the United Kingdom, volume XII (Second Series), London: John Murray, […]; Trübner and Co., […], published 1882, →OCLC, part I (Notices of the Tribes of Midian, [...]), page 286:
  Even to the present day the Arabs consider treating a Hutaymi as unmanly as to strike a woman. When a Felláh says to another, "Tat'hattim" (= Tat'maskin, or Tat'zallí), he means, "Thou cringest, thou makest thyself contemptible (as a Hutaymi)."
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
(及物，棄用) 将...拉近(身体部位)；皱起(脸)
- Template:RQ:Nashe Lenten Stuffe
- Template:RQ:Shakespeare Antony and Cleopatra
(及物，棄用) 对...点头哈腰；（点头哈腰地）陪同

变位

cringe的變位

不定式	(to) cringe
	現在時	過去式
第一人稱單數	cringe	cringed
第二人稱單數	cringe, cringest¹	cringed, cringedst¹
第三人稱單數	cringes, cringeth¹	cringed
複數	cringe

虛擬語氣	cringe

祈使語氣	cringe	—

分詞	cringing	cringed

¹古舊或棄用。

其他形式

crinch (方言)

衍生词汇

参见

crouch
wince

名词

cringe (可數和不可數，複數 cringes)

(可數) 畏缩，退缩
He glanced with a cringe at the mess on his desk.
他怯生生地瞥了一眼桌上乱七八糟的东西。
(可數，比喻義) 卑躬屈膝
(可數，英國，方言) 抽筋，痉挛
(不可數，俚語) 尴尬
There was so much cringe in that episode!
那一集也太尬了。

形容词

cringe (比較級 more cringe，最高級 most cringe)

(俚語) 令人尴尬的 (指让人尴尬到不适的)
近義詞：cringemaking, cringeworthy, cringybased, cringy

反義詞：(网络用语) based

注释

↑ From Charles Reade （1861），第XXXIII章，收錄於The Cloister and the Hearth: A Tale of the Middle Ages，illustrated library版，II (The Autobiography of a Thief)卷，Boston, Mass.；New York, N.Y.：Colonial Press Company，c. 1900 出版，→OCLC，「illustration between pages 312 and 313」.

参考资料

↑ “crenǧen, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
↑ 对比“cringe, v.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, November 2010; “cringe, v.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
↑ “cringe, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, November 2010; “cringe, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.

异序词

cering, genric, rec'ing

意大利语

词源

借自英語 cringe。

名词

cringe 陽 (無屈折)

(新詞) 尴尬

波兰语

词源

非同化借詞，源自英語 cringe。

发音

國際音標^(幫助): /ˈkrint͡ʂ/
音頻： (檔案)
韻部：-int͡ʂ
音節化：cringe
同音詞：krindż

名词

cringe 陽無生

(俚語) 尴尬
近義詞：obciach, przypał, siara

变格

cringe 的變格

	單數	複數
主格	cringe	cringe'e
屬格	cringe'u	cringe'ów
與格	cringe'owi	cringe'om
賓格	cringe	cringe'e
工具格	cringe'em	cringe'ami
方位格	cringe'u	cringe'ach
呼格	cringe'u	cringe'e

延伸阅读

參見cringe in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN 中的內容
參見波蘭語詞典PWN上有關cringe的內容

西班牙语

词源

借自英語 cringe。

名词

cringe 陽 (複數 cringe)

(新詞) 尴尬

形容词

cringe (無屈折)

(新詞) 令人尴尬的

[n1-1] From Charles Reade （1861），第XXXIII章，收錄於The Cloister and the Hearth: A Tale of the Middle Ages，illustrated library版，II (The Autobiography of a Thief)卷，Boston, Mass.；New York, N.Y.：Colonial Press Company，c. 1900 出版，→OCLC，「illustration between pages 312 and 313」.

[2] “crenǧen, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

[3] 对比“cringe, v.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, November 2010; “cringe, v.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.

[4] “cringe, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, November 2010; “cringe, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.

[n 1]

[1]

[2]

[3]