hurtle

英語

發音

(標準英音) 國際音標^(幫助): /ˈhɜːtl̩/
（英國）音頻： (檔案)
(通用美式) 國際音標^(幫助): /ˈhɜɹt(ə)l/, [-ɾ(ə)l]
韻部：-ɜː(ɹ)təl
斷字：hurt‧le

詞源 1

動詞派生自中古英語 hurtelen、hurtlen (「擲，投；衝向；垮塌；傷害；擊倒；推動；衝刺；跌倒」) [以及其他形式]，^[1]源自hurten (「傷害（肉體或比喻義）；損害；羞辱，傷害...的情感；受傷；撞上；推動；跌倒」)^[2]（還見英語 hurt (動詞)） + -el-、-elen (反覆態後綴)。^[3]英語詞可作hurt (「（棄用）敲打，擊打」) +‎ -le (反覆態後綴)分析。^[4]

名詞派生自動詞。^[5]

動詞

hurtle (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 hurtles，現在分詞 hurtling，一般過去時及過去分詞 hurtled) (主要用於書面，詩歌)

(及物，古舊)
1. 推動，猛拋，猛丟（重物）
  近義詞：fling、hurl；亦參見Thesaurus:throw
  
  He hurtled the wad of paper angrily at the trash can and missed by a mile.
  他生氣地朝垃圾桶丟了一捆紙，但是丟偏了很遠。
  - [1590, 埃德蒙·斯宾塞, 「Book II, Canto VII」, 出自仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]）, London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 42，第 283 頁:
    Soone as thoſe glitterand armes he did eſpye, / That vvith their brightneſſe made that darknes light, / His harmefull club he gan to hurtle hye, / And threaten batteill to the Faery knight; […]
    （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    Used to mean 「to brandish, to wave」.]
  - Template:RQ:Browning Poems
  - 1882, Charles Miller, 「The Delaying Spring」, 出自 The Three Scholars and Other Poems, Edinburgh: Andrew Elliot, […], →OCLC，第 58 頁:
    Away, thou east wind, snarling like a scold! / […] / Now, like sheep-shearer, from some mountain fold, / Thou hurtlest air with twisting, fleecy flakes / Of martial snow, that like a tyrant bold, / His pleasure in his neighbour's vineyard takes, / Nor careth for the wreck that everywhere he makes.
    （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
2. 使...撞擊
  - Template:RQ:Bulwer-Lytton Harold
3. (比喻義) （語言上的）抨擊
(不及物)
1. （尤指吵鬧地）衝刺；橫衝直撞
  近義詞：參見Thesaurus:move quickly
  
  The car hurtled down the hill at 90 miles per hour.
  那輛汽車以145公里的時速呼嘯駛下山丘。
  
  Pieces of broken glass hurtled through the air.
  碎玻璃片划過空中。
  - 1590, 埃德蒙·斯宾塞, 「Book I, Canto VIII」, 出自仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]）, London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 17，第 119 頁:
    His gorgeous ryder from her loftie ſted / VVould haue caſt dovvne, and trodd in durty myre, / Had not the Gyaunt ſoone her ſuccoured; / VVho all enrag'd vvith ſmart and frantick yre, / Came hurtling in full fiers, and forſt the knight retyre.
    （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
  - Template:RQ:Nashe Lenten Stuffe
  - Template:RQ:Hawthorne Wonder-Book
2. (古舊)
  1. （猛烈地）撞擊，擊打
    - Template:RQ:Fairfax Godfrey of Bulloigne
  2. 發出撞擊聲，發出哐當聲；哐哐噹噹地移動
    - Template:RQ:Shakespeare Julius Caesar
    - Template:RQ:Gray Poems
    - Template:RQ:Southey Roderick
    - 1823, Edward Irving, 「Of Judgment to Come. Part IX. The Review of the Whole Argument, with an Endeavour to Bring It home to the Sons of Men.」, 出自 For the Oracles of God, Four Orations. For Judgment to Come, an Argument, in Nine Parts, 2nd版, London: […] T. Hamilton, […], →OCLC，第 535 頁:
      The greater number abandon their untenable position of hardihood, and seek a shelter when the terrible storm hurtleth in the heavens, and they see its dismal preparation.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    - Template:RQ:Browning Seraphim
    - Template:RQ:Jefferies Hodge
  3. (比喻義，指兩個人等) 推搡；衝突

變位

hurtle的變位

不定式	(to) hurtle
	現在時	過去式
第一人稱單數	hurtle	hurtled
第二人稱單數	hurtle, hurtlest¹	hurtled, hurtledst¹
第三人稱單數	hurtles, hurtleth¹	hurtled
複數	hurtle

虛擬語氣	hurtle

祈使語氣	hurtle	—

分詞	hurtling	hurtled

¹古舊或棄用。

衍生詞彙

hurtling (名詞)
hurtlingly

名詞

hurtle (可數和不可數，複數 hurtles) (主要用於書面，詩歌)

(可數) 撞擊，衝擊
- Template:RQ:Browning Aurora Leigh
(可數，亦比喻義) 橫衝直撞
- 1975, William Howard Gass（被引）, 「GASS, WILLIAM H(OWARD)」, 出自 John Wakeman 編, World Authors 1950–1970 […] (Authors Series), New York, N.Y.: The H[alsey] W[illiam] Wilson Company, →ISBN，第 538 頁，第 1 列:
  [T]he war woke me up, I began to move left, and recent events have accelerated that move until it is now a hurtle.
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 2005年6月20日, 「(請註明文章標題)」, 出自 Alan Rusbridger 編, 衛報, 倫敦: 衛報媒體集團, →ISSN, →OCLC:
  Jamba has removed from [Christopher] Marlowe's Doctor Faustus all but the barest of essentials – even half its title, leaving us with an 80-minute hurtle through Faustus's four and twenty borrowed years on earth.
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
(可數) 撞擊聲，哐哐噹噹
- 1913, Eden Phillpotts, 章號 IV, 出自 Widecombe Fair, London: John Murray, […], →OCLC，第 26 頁:
  There came a hurtle of wings, a flash of bright feathers, and a great pigeon with slate-grey plumage and a neck bright as an opal, lit on a swaying finial.
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
(不可數，比喻義) 衝突

詞源 2

可能是hurtleberry 的截斷形式，源自中古英語 hurtil-beri (「歐洲越橘（Vaccinium myrtillus）（果實或植物）」);^[6]之後詞源不詳，對比中古英語 horten、hurten (「歐洲越橘（Vaccinium myrtillus）」)及古英語 horte (「歐洲越橘（Vaccinium myrtillus）」)。^[7]

名詞

hurtle (複數 hurtles)

(棄用，罕用) hurtleberry或whortleberry (「越橘」)之同義詞
近義詞：(除英國外棄用，方言) hurt
- Template:RQ:Gerard Herball

參考資料

↑ 「hurtelen, v.」 in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
↑ 「hurten, v.」 in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
↑ 「-el-, suf.(3)」 in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
↑ 「hurtle, v.」，OED Online ⁠，Oxford, Oxfordshire：Oxford University Press，December 2022年; 「hurtle, v.」，Lexico，Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press，2019–present年.
↑ 「hurtle, n.³」，OED Online ⁠，Oxford, Oxfordshire：Oxford University Press，September 2022年
↑ 「hurtil-berī, n.」 in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
↑ 「horten, n.」 in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007：參閱補充材料（原注釋寫的是「some kind of fruit tree; ?the cornel cherry」）。

延伸閱讀

Vaccinium myrtillus在維基百科上的資料。維基百科
Vaccinium myrtillus在維基共享資源上的資料。維基共享資源
Vaccinium myrtillus在維基物種上的資料。維基物種

異序詞

Luther, lureth, ruleth

中古英語

動詞

hurtle

hurtelen的另一種寫法

[1] 「hurtelen, v.」 in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

[2] 「hurten, v.」 in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

[3] 「-el-, suf.(3)」 in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

[4] 「hurtle, v.」，OED Online ⁠，Oxford, Oxfordshire：Oxford University Press，December 2022年; 「hurtle, v.」，Lexico，Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press，2019–present年.

[5] 「hurtle, n.³」，OED Online ⁠，Oxford, Oxfordshire：Oxford University Press，September 2022年

[6] 「hurtil-berī, n.」 in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

[7] 「horten, n.」 in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007：參閱補充材料（原注釋寫的是「some kind of fruit tree; ?the cornel cherry」）。

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