hurtle
英语[编辑]
发音[编辑]
词源 1[编辑]
动词派生自中古英语 hurtelen、hurtlen (“掷,投;冲向;垮塌;伤害;击倒;推动;冲刺;跌倒”) [以及其他形式],[1]源自hurten (“伤害(肉体或比喻义);损害;羞辱,伤害...的情感;受伤;撞上;推动;跌倒”)[2](还见英语 hurt (动词)) + -el-、-elen (反复态后缀)。[3]英语词可作hurt (“(弃用)敲打,击打”) + -le (反复态后缀)分析。[4]
名词派生自动词。[5]
动词[编辑]
hurtle (第三人称单数简单现在时 hurtles,现在分词 hurtling,一般过去时及过去分词 hurtled) (主要用于书面, 诗歌)
- (及物, 古旧)
- 推动,猛抛,猛丢 (重物)
- 近义词: fling、hurl;亦参见Thesaurus:throw
- He hurtled the wad of paper angrily at the trash can and missed by a mile.
- 他生气地朝垃圾桶丢了一捆纸,但是丢偏了很远。
- [1590,埃德蒙·斯宾塞, 仙后(The Faerie Qveene. […]), OCLC 960102938, book II, canto VII, stanza 42, 页号283:
- Soone as thoſe glitterand armes he did eſpye, / That vvith their brightneſſe made that darknes light, / His harmefull club he gan to hurtle hye, / And threaten batteill to the Faery knight; […]
- (请为本引文添加中文翻译)]
- Template:RQ:Browning Poems
- 1882,Charles Miller,“The Delaying Spring”,出自 The Three Scholars and Other Poems,Edinburgh:Andrew Elliot, […], OCLC 28366928, 页号58:
- Away, thou east wind, snarling like a scold! / […] / Now, like sheep-shearer, from some mountain fold, / Thou hurtlest air with twisting, fleecy flakes / Of martial snow, that like a tyrant bold, / His pleasure in his neighbour's vineyard takes, / Nor careth for the wreck that everywhere he makes.
- (请为本引文添加中文翻译)
- 使...撞击
- (比喻) (语言上的)抨击
- 推动,猛抛,猛丢 (重物)
- (不及物)
- (尤指吵闹地) 冲刺;横冲直撞
- 近义词: 参见Thesaurus:move quickly
- The car hurtled down the hill at 90 miles per hour.
- 那辆汽车以145公里的时速呼啸驶下山丘。
- Pieces of broken glass hurtled through the air.
- 碎玻璃片划过空中。
- 1590,埃德蒙·斯宾塞, 仙后(The Faerie Qveene. […]), OCLC 960102938, book I, canto VIII, stanza 17, 页号119:
- His gorgeous ryder from her loftie ſted / VVould haue caſt dovvne, and trodd in durty myre, / Had not the Gyaunt ſoone her ſuccoured; / VVho all enrag'd vvith ſmart and frantick yre, / Came hurtling in full fiers, and forſt the knight retyre.
- (请为本引文添加中文翻译)
- Template:RQ:Nashe Lenten Stuffe
- Template:RQ:Hawthorne Wonder-Book
- (古旧)
- (猛烈地)撞击,击打
- 发出撞击声,发出哐当声;哐哐当当地移动
- Template:RQ:Shakespeare Julius Caesar
- Template:RQ:Gray Poems
- Template:RQ:Southey Roderick
- 1823,w:Edward Irving,“Of Judgment to Come. Part IX. The Review of the Whole Argument, with an Endeavour to Bring It home to the Sons of Men.”,出自 For the Oracles of God, Four Orations. For Judgment to Come, an Argument, in Nine Parts,2nd edition,London: […] T. Hamilton, […], OCLC 1160086545, 页号535:
- The greater number abandon their untenable position of hardihood, and seek a shelter when the terrible storm hurtleth in the heavens, and they see its dismal preparation.
- (请为本引文添加中文翻译)
- Template:RQ:Browning Seraphim
- Template:RQ:Jefferies Hodge
- (比喻, 指两个人等) 推搡;冲突
- (尤指吵闹地) 冲刺;横冲直撞
变位[编辑]
{{{1}}} 的变位
不定式 | {{{1}}} | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
现在分词 | {{{1}}}ing | ||||||||||
过去分词 | {{{1}}}ed | ||||||||||
一般 | 进行 | 完成 | 完成进行 | ||||||||
现在时 | I {{{1}}} | we {{{1}}} | I am {{{1}}}ing | we are {{{1}}}ing | I have {{{1}}}ed | we have {{{1}}}ed | I have been {{{1}}}ing | we have been {{{1}}}ing | |||
you {{{1}}} | you {{{1}}} | you are {{{1}}}ing | you are {{{1}}}ing | you have {{{1}}}ed | you have {{{1}}}ed | you have been {{{1}}}ing | you have been {{{1}}}ing | ||||
he {{{1}}}s | they {{{1}}} | he is {{{1}}}ing | they are {{{1}}}ing | he has {{{1}}}ed | they have {{{1}}}ed | he has been {{{1}}}ing | they have been {{{1}}}ing | ||||
过去式 | I {{{1}}}ed | we {{{1}}}ed | I was {{{1}}}ing | we were {{{1}}}ing | I had {{{1}}}ed | we had {{{1}}}ed | I had been {{{1}}}ing | we had been {{{1}}}ing | |||
you {{{1}}}ed | you {{{1}}}ed | you were {{{1}}}ing | you were {{{1}}}ing | you had {{{1}}}ed | you had {{{1}}}ed | you had been {{{1}}}ing | you had been {{{1}}}ing | ||||
he {{{1}}}ed | they {{{1}}}ed | he was {{{1}}}ing | they were {{{1}}}ing | he had {{{1}}}ed | they had {{{1}}}ed | he had been {{{1}}}ing | they had been {{{1}}}ing | ||||
将来时 | I will {{{1}}} | we will {{{1}}} | I will be {{{1}}}ing | we will be {{{1}}}ing | I will have {{{1}}}ed | we will have {{{1}}}ed | I will have been {{{1}}}ing | we will have been {{{1}}}ing | |||
you will {{{1}}} | you will {{{1}}} | you will be {{{1}}}ing | you will be {{{1}}}ing | you will have {{{1}}}ed | you will have {{{1}}}ed | you will have been {{{1}}}ing | you will have been {{{1}}}ing | ||||
he will {{{1}}} | they will {{{1}}} | he will be {{{1}}}ing | they will be {{{1}}}ing | he will have {{{1}}}ed | they will have {{{1}}}ed | he will have been {{{1}}}ing | they will have been {{{1}}}ing | ||||
条件式 | I would {{{1}}} | we would {{{1}}} | I would be {{{1}}}ing | we would be {{{1}}}ing | I would have {{{1}}}ed | we would have {{{1}}}ed | I would have been {{{1}}}ing | we would have been {{{1}}}ing | |||
you would {{{1}}} | you would {{{1}}} | you would be {{{1}}}ing | you would be {{{1}}}ing | you would have {{{1}}}ed | you would have {{{1}}}ed | you would have been {{{1}}}ing | you would have been {{{1}}}ing | ||||
he would {{{1}}} | they would {{{1}}} | he would be {{{1}}}ing | they would be {{{1}}}ing | he would have {{{1}}}ed | they would have {{{1}}}ed | he would have been {{{1}}}ing | they would have been {{{1}}}ing | ||||
命令式 | {{{1}}} |
衍生词汇[编辑]
- hurtling (名词)
- hurtlingly
名词[编辑]
hurtle (可数 和 不可数,复数 hurtles) (主要用于书面, 诗歌)
- (可数) 撞击,冲击
- (可数, 亦比喻) 横冲直撞
- 1975,引用William Howard Gass,“GASS, WILLIAM H(OWARD)”,出自John Wakeman编, World Authors 1950–1970 […] (Authors Series),New York, N.Y.:The H[alsey] W[illiam] Wilson Company, →ISBN, 页号538, column 1:
- [T]he war woke me up, I began to move left, and recent events have accelerated that move until it is now a hurtle.
- (请为本引文添加中文翻译)
- 2005年6月20日,“(请注明文章标题)”,出自Alan Rusbridger编, 卫报,伦敦:卫报媒体集团, ISSN 0261-3077, OCLC 229952407:
- Jamba has removed from [Christopher] Marlowe's Doctor Faustus all but the barest of essentials – even half its title, leaving us with an 80-minute hurtle through Faustus's four and twenty borrowed years on earth.
- (请为本引文添加中文翻译)
- (可数) 撞击声,哐哐当当
- 1913,w:Eden Phillpotts, chapter IV,出自 Widecombe Fair,London:John Murray, […], OCLC 2691732, 页号26:
- There came a hurtle of wings, a flash of bright feathers, and a great pigeon with slate-grey plumage and a neck bright as an opal, lit on a swaying finial.
- (请为本引文添加中文翻译)
- (不可数, 比喻) 冲突
词源 2[编辑]
可能是hurtleberry 的截断形式,源自中古英语 hurtil-beri (“欧洲越橘(Vaccinium myrtillus)(果实或植物)”);[6]之后词源不详,对比中古英语 horten、hurten (“欧洲越橘(Vaccinium myrtillus)”)及古英语 horte (“欧洲越橘(Vaccinium myrtillus)”)。[7]
名词[编辑]
hurtle (复数 hurtles)
- (弃用, 罕用) hurtleberry或whortleberry (“越橘”)之同义词
- 近义词: (除英国外弃用,方言) hurt
参考资料[编辑]
- ↑ “hurtelen, v.” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- ↑ “hurten, v.” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- ↑ “-el-, suf.(3)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- ↑ “hurtle, v.”, OED Online , Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, December 2022; “hurtle, v.”, Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.
- ↑ “hurtle, n.3”, OED Online , Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, September 2022
- ↑ “hurtil-berī, n.” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- ↑ “horten, n.” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007:参阅补充材料(原注释写的是“some kind of fruit tree; ?the cornel cherry”)。
延伸阅读[编辑]
- Vaccinium myrtillus在维基百科上的资料。维基百科
- Vaccinium myrtillus在维基共享资源上的资料。维基共享资源
- Vaccinium myrtillus在维基物种上的资料。维基物种
异序词[编辑]
中古英语[编辑]
动词[编辑]
hurtle
- hurtelen的另一种写法