endow

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英語[編輯]

詞源[編輯]

源自晚期中古英語 endowenendouenenduenindouenindw (給...錢財,生計或特權;授予;(比喻義)有利於;賦予)[1],源自盎格魯-諾曼語 endouer,源自古法語 en- (「進入」之意的後綴) + douer (授予)(源自拉丁語 dōtāredōtō (授予)的現在主動不定式),現代法語 douer)。[2] dōtō又源自dōs (彩禮;捐贈,贈禮)(最終源自原始印歐語 *deh₃- ()) + (構成規則第一類變位動詞的後綴)

發音[編輯]

動詞[編輯]

endow (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 endows,現在分詞 endowing,一般過去時及過去分詞 endowed)

  1. (及物) 贈送贈與捐贈
    • Template:RQ:Speed Historie of Great Britaine
    • 1713,Gilbert Lord Bishop of Sarum [i.e., Gilbert Burnet],「The Additional Chapter. Chap. X. Of Presentations to Benefices, and Simony」,出自 The New Preface and Additional Chapter to the Third Edition of the Pastoral Care. [],London:Printed for D. Midwinter [], and B. Cowse []; [a]nd sold by A. Baldwin [], OCLC 1102730747, 頁號27–28:
      Men began to build Churches on their own Grounds, at their own Charges, and to endow theſe; and they were naturally the Maſters, and in the true Signification of the Roman word, the Patrons of them.
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    • Template:RQ:Dickens Barnaby Rudge
    • 1999,Rupert Graf Strachwitz,「Foundations in Germany and Their Revival in East Germany after 1989」,出自Helmut K. Anheier and Stefan Toepler編, Private Funds, Public Purpose: Philanthropic Foundations in International Perspective (Nonprofit and Civil Society Studies),New York, N.Y.:Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, →ISBN, 頁號232:
      The blessing of private initiative for public affairs is destined to be appreciated more deeply. Empty government coffers and a regular exchange of views with experts from all over the world add impetus, even if concepts developed indigenously sometimes still lack a realistic approach to the vital issue of endowing and funding new foundations.
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  2. (及物, 後接with,或罕見地接of) 使...配備賦予
    近義詞: begift
    • [c. 1471John Fortescue,「Here is Shewid, What off the Kynges Livelod Geven awey, mey Beste be Taken a Geyn」,出自Charles Plummer編, The Governance of England: Otherwise Called The Difference between an Absolute and a Limited Monarchy [] (中古英語),London:Oxford University Press; Humphrey Milford,出版年份1885 (1926 printing), OCLC 1342598, 頁號135:
      Wherby we bith lerned þat it shalnot only be goode to owre prince, but also to vs selff, that he be well indowed; ffor ellis the patriarke wolde not haue made such a trety.
      Whereby we have learned that it shall not only be good to our prince, but also to ourselves, that he be well endowed; for else the patriarch would not have made such a treaty.]
    • 1590埃德蒙·斯賓塞仙后(The Faerie Qveene. [], OCLC 960102938, book II, canto III, stanza 25, 頁號225:
      Vpon her eyelids many Graces ſate, / Vnder the ſhadow of her euen browes, / VVorking belgardes [beautiful looks], and amorous retrate [portrait], / And euerie one her with a grace endowes: []
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    • 1599The First Booke of the Preservation of King Henry the Vij. when He was but Earle of Richmond, Grandfather to the Queenes Maiesty: [],imprinted at London:By R. B. [], OCLC 18657886; republished as J[ohn] P[ayne] C[ollier]編, The First Booke of the Preservation of King Henry the Vij. [] (Illustrations of Old English Literature; no. 11),[London?:s.n.],1866, OCLC 29140658, 頁號31:
      Father Omnipotent, our Lord and only Redeemer, / [] with thy grace my ſpirit endow: []
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    • 1637,John Sym,「The Self-murderers Motives to Kill Themselves」,出自 Lifes Preservative against Self-killing. Or, A Vsefvl Treatise Concerning Life and Self-murder; [],London:Printed by M[iles] Flesher, for R[obert] Dawlman, and L[uke] Fawne, [], OCLC 43158044, §4 (Of Misunderstood Scripture Perverting the Iudgement; and the Remedy thereof), 頁號199:
      Firſt, it is needfull that we be indowed with humility of ſpirit, that denying our owne ſelves and carnall reaſon, wee may ſubmit to take ſuch ſence and meaning of the Scripture, as it of it ſelfe affords, with the aſſiſtance of the helps of the Church; and not to impoſe upon it any ſenſe of our owne making; []
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    • 1811Benjamin Stillingfleet, chapter VIII,出自W[illiam] Coxe編, Literary Life and Select Works of Benjamin Stillingfleet, [],卷號I (Literary Life),London:Printed by J[ames] Nichols and Son, []; for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, [], OCLC 951854294, 頁號119:
      [A]midst so many vicissitudes of fortune to which I have been exposed, amongst all the goods and evils, the joyful and gloomy, the pleasing and disagreeable circumstances of life, thou [God] endowest me with an equal, constant, manly, and superior spirit on every occasion.
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    • Template:RQ:Mary Shelley Frankenstein
    • Template:RQ:Hawthorne Marble Faun
    • 1890年10月13日,James Gibbons,「Introduction」,出自James Jeffrey Roche; Mrs. John Boyle O』Reilly [i.e., Mary Agnes Murphy]編, Life of John Boyle O』Reilly, [] Together with His Complete Poems and Speeches,New York, N.Y.:Cassell Publishing Company, [],出版年份1891, OCLC 896509336, 頁號vi:
      Thus was he [John Boyle O'Reilly] fitted to fulfill worthily the vocation of a poet. For it is not aimlessly that Divine Providence endows a human being with qualities so exceptional and exalted.
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    • 1993,H. Zghal; D. R. Strong,「A Perspective on the Use of Sensors in Robot Materials Handling」,出自M. B. Zaremba編, Information Control Problems in Manufacturing Technology 1992: Selected Papers from the 7th IFAC/IFIP/IFORS/IMACS/ISPE Symposium, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 25–28 May 1992 (IFAC Symposia Series),Oxford, Oxfordshire:Published for the International Federation of Automatic Control by Pergamon Press, →ISBN, 頁號129, column 2:
      [P]roper use of sensory feedback is required to grant the industrial robot the required sensing capabilities and to endow it with the intelligence needed for detecting and adjusting to environmental disturbances.
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    • 2005,Maurice H. P. M. van Putten,「Superluminal Motion in the Quasar 3C273」,出自 Gravitational Radiation, Luminous Black Holes, and Gamma-ray Burst Supernovae,Cambridge, Cambridgeshire; New York, N.Y.:Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, 頁號1:
      General relativity endows spacetime with a causal structure described by observer-invariant light cones. [] Points inside a light cone are causally connected with its vertex, while points outside the same light cone are out-of-causal contact with its vertex.
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    • 2015Michael C[harles] Corballis,「Wandering into Other Minds」,出自 The Wandering Mind: What the Brain Does when You’re Not Looking,Chicago, Ill.:University of Chicago Press, DOI:10.7208/chicago/9780226238753.001.0001, →ISBN, 頁號77:
      Just as we may endow people with physical properties, so we sometimes endow physical objects with human-like personalities or subjective states. Perhaps because of their capacity for interior accommodation, cars, ships, airplanes and even houses are often given female characteristics or referred to as 'she'.
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    • 2016年4月7日,Peter Bradshaw,「Dheepan review – a crime drama packed with epiphanic grandeur」,出自Katharine Viner編, The Guardian[1],London:Guardian News & Media, ISSN 0261-3077, OCLC 229952407, archived from the original on 30 December 2018:
      It's bulging with giant confidence and packed with outbursts of that mysterious epiphanic grandeur, like moments of sunlight breaking through cloud-cover, with which [Jacques] Audiard endows apparently normal sequences and everyday details.
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    • 2023年3月22日,Philip Haigh,「Five configuration stages to boost Manchester rail capacity」,出自 RAIL,期號979, 頁號31:
      Historic England explained the listing: "The station's unique design employs a high level of sophistication and innovation through its use of conoid shells supported on a cruck-like frame, which not only create a dramatic aesthetic form, but endow the building with a light and spacious interior."
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  3. (及物, 一般使用被動) 與生俱來擁有
    近義詞: blessgift
    She was endowed with a beautiful voice.
    天生一副好聽的嗓音。
  4. (及物, 古舊棄用) 給...逝世丈夫遺產 寡婦;給...嫁妝 新娘 參見dowerdowry
    • 1611The Holy Bible, [] (King James Version),London: [] Robert Barker, [], OCLC 964384981, Exodus 22:16–17, column 1:
      And if a man entice a maide that is not betrothed, and lie with her, he ſhall ſurely endow her to be his wife. If her father utterly refuſe to giue her vnto him, he ſhall pay money according to the dowrie of virgins.
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    • Template:RQ:Coke Institutes
    • Template:RQ:Blackstone Commentaries
    • 1823,Peter Lovelass; Niel Gow,「Of the Descent of Real Estates, or Estates of Inheritance. []」,出自 The Law’s Disposal of a Person’s Estate who Dies without Will or Testament. [],11th edition,London:Printed for R. Pheney, Charles Hunter, J. and W. T. Clarke, and H[enry] Butterworth, OCLC 976021638, section II (How the Law Disposes of a Wife’s Real Estate; []), 頁號125:
      A widow may be endowed of all her husband's lands, tenements, and hereditaments, corporeal or incorporeal, under the restrictions before-mentioned, unless there be some special reason to the contrary. Thus, a woman shall not be endowed of a castle built for defence of the realm, because it ought not to be divided. But of a castle that is only for the private use and habitation of the owner, a woman shall be endowed.
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參考資料[編輯]

  1. endǒuen, v.」 in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
  2. 對比「endow, v.」, OED Online Paid subscription required, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, 1891; 「endow, v.」, Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.

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