nihil

英语

词源

源自拉丁語 nihil、nil。

发音

• 國際音標^(幫助): /ˈni.hɪl/, /ˈniː.hɪl/, /ˈnaɪ.əl/
• 韻部：-aɪəl

名词

nihil (可數 和 不可數，複數 nihils)

1. (可數，法律) 无答辩 （被告人拒绝辩护或回答）
2. (不可數，主要用於哲學) 虚无，无
   • 1996, David Tibet, “The Starres Are Marching Sadly Home (Theinmostlightthirdandfinal)” (lyrics):

     I shall no longer believe all the visions of my youth:
     They have dissolved into nihil.

   • 2008，Arvydas Šliogeris，Names of Nihil，頁 13:

     All tales about the beginning are apt to eliminate the nothing and make being overall. […] Without Nihil the whirlpool of the beginning settles down and becomes a stagnant puddle of pure being. Nihil disappears.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • 2009，Walter Brueggemann，An Unsettling God: The Heart of the Hebrew Bible，頁 143:

     That is, in the sovereign act of creation, whereby YHWH orders chaos, YHWH provisionally defeated the power of the Nihil but did not destroy or eliminate the threat of chaos.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

衍生词汇

• nihilhood

相关词汇

• nihil obstat

因特语

发音

• 國際音標^(幫助): /ˈnihil/

代词

nihil

1. (不定代词) 无，没有事物

拉丁语

其他形式

• nīl
• nichil (晚期及中世纪拉丁语)

词源

源自nihilum，源自ne- (“不”) +‎ hīlum (“一丁点”)。

发音

• (古典拉丁語) 國際音標^(幫助): /ˈni.hil/, [ˈni(ɦ)ɪɫ̪]

• （古典）音频：

  (檔案)

• (古典拉丁語) 國際音標^(幫助): /niːl/, [niːɫ̪]
• (教會拉丁語) 國際音標^(幫助): /ˈni.kil/, [ˈniːkil]

代词

nihil n 單 (無屈折，無屬格)

1. (不定) 没有东西

   Nīl·ne in mentem·st? ― 你什么都想不到吗？

   Nihil est. ― 这没什么。

   Nihil sub sōle novum. ― 太阳底下没有新鲜事。(谚语)

   • c. 185 BCE – 159 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Heauton Timorumenos 1.77:

     Homo sum, humani nihil a me alienum puto.

     I am a man, I consider nothing that is human alien to me.

   • 63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations Oratio in Catilinam Prima in Senatu Habita.8:

     Nihil agis, nihil moliris, nihil cogitas quod non ego non modo audiam sed etiam videam planeque sentiam.

     You do nothing, you plan nothing, you think of nothing which I not only do not hear, but which I do not see and know every particular of.

变格

Not declined; used only in the nominative and accusative singular，唯單數。

	單數
主格	nihil
屬格	—
與格	—
賓格	nihil
離格	—
呼格	—

剩下的变格形式表示的意义一般使用nūllus + rēs构式来表示，比如属格“nūllīus reī”。属格nihilī和斜格nihilō（均源自nihilum）有自己的俗语义。

衍生词汇

• adnihilō
• nihil album
• nihil debet
• nihil dicit
• nihildum
• nihilitās
• nihilōminus
• nonnihil

相关词汇

• adnihilātiō
• adnihilātor

派生語彙

• → 葡萄牙語: nicles

参考资料

• nihil in Charlton T. Lewis & Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1879
• “nihil”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891年) An Elementary Latin Dictionary，New York：Harper & Brothers
• nihil在Charles du Fresne du Cange的Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• nihil在Gaffiot, Félix (1934年) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français (拉丁語-法語詳解詞典)，Hachette中的內容
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894年) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1]，London：Macmillan and Co.
  • I cannot wait till..: nihil mihi longius est or videtur quam dum or quam ut
    
  • nothing is more tiresome to me than..: nihil mihi longius est quam (c. Inf.)
    
  • a wise man is in no way affected by this: hoc nihil ad sapientem pertinet
    
  • to live a life free from all misfortune: nihil calamitatis (in vita) videre
    
  • to afford no consolation: nihil habere consolationis
    
  • to considerably (in no way) further the common good: multum (nihil) ad communem utilitatem afferre
    
  • I will refuse you nothing: nihil tibi a me postulanti recusabo
    
  • not to trouble oneself about a thing: nihil omnino curare
    
  • there is nothing I am more interested in than..: nihil antiquius or prius habeo quam ut (nihil mihi antiquius or potius est, quam ut)
    
  • to live as scrupulously moral a life as ever: nihil ex pristina virtute remittere
    
  • to do no business with a man: nihil cum aliquo contrahere
    
  • not to mention..: ut non (nihil) dicam de...
    
  • but this is not to the point: sed hoc nihil (sane) ad rem
    
  • there is something in what you say; you are more or less right: aliquid (τι) dicis (opp. nihil dicis)
    

马来语

馬來語基數詞

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其他形式

• نيهيل

词源

源自拉丁語 nihil。

发音

• 國際音標^(幫助): /nihel/
• 韻部：-hel, -el

数词

nihil (爪夷文 نيهيل)

1. 零

近义词

• kosong / کوسوڠ
• sifar / صفر
• nol / نول