nihil

英語

詞源

源自拉丁語 nihil、nil。

發音

• 國際音標^(幫助)：/ˈni.hɪl/, /ˈniː.hɪl/, /ˈnaɪ.əl/
• 韻部：-aɪəl

名詞

nihil (可數 和 不可數, 複數 nihils)

1. (可數，法律) 無答辯 （被告人拒絕辯護或回答）
2. (不可數，主要用於哲學) 虛無，無
   • 1996, David Tibet, 「The Starres Are Marching Sadly Home (Theinmostlightthirdandfinal)」 (lyrics):

     I shall no longer believe all the visions of my youth:
     They have dissolved into nihil.

   • 2008, Arvydas Šliogeris, Names of Nihil，頁號 13:

     All tales about the beginning are apt to eliminate the nothing and make being overall. […] Without Nihil the whirlpool of the beginning settles down and becomes a stagnant puddle of pure being. Nihil disappears.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • 2009, Walter Brueggemann, An Unsettling God: The Heart of the Hebrew Bible，頁號 143:

     That is, in the sovereign act of creation, whereby YHWH orders chaos, YHWH provisionally defeated the power of the Nihil but did not destroy or eliminate the threat of chaos.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

衍生詞彙

• nihilhood

相關詞彙

• nihil obstat

因特語

發音

• 國際音標^(幫助)：/ˈnihil/

代詞

nihil

1. (不定代詞) 無，沒有事物

拉丁語

其他形式

• nīl
• nichil (晚期及中世紀拉丁語)

詞源

源自nihilum，源自ne- (「不」) +‎ hīlum (「一丁點」)。

發音

• (古典) 國際音標^(幫助)：/ˈni.hil/, [ˈnɪ.hɪɫ̪]
• (教會) 國際音標^(幫助)：/ˈni.il/, [ˈniː.il]

• （古典）音頻

  （文檔）

• (古典) 國際音標^(幫助)：/niːl/, [niːɫ̪]
• (教會) 國際音標^(幫助)：/nil/
• (教會) 國際音標^(幫助)：/ˈni.kil/, [ˈniː.kil]

代詞

nihil n 單 (無變化, 無屬格)

1. (不定) 沒有東西

   Nīl·ne in mentem·st? ― 你什麼都想不到嗎？

   Nihil est. ― 這沒什麼。

   Nihil sub sōle novum. ― 太陽底下沒有新鮮事。(諺語)

   • c. 185 BCE – 159 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Heauton Timorumenos 1.77:

     Homo sum, humani nihil a me alienum puto.

     I am a man, I consider nothing that is human alien to me.

   • 63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations Oratio in Catilinam Prima in Senatu Habita.8:

     Nihil agis, nihil moliris, nihil cogitas quod non ego non modo audiam sed etiam videam planeque sentiam.

     You do nothing, you plan nothing, you think of nothing which I not only do not hear, but which I do not see and know every particular of.

變格

Not declined; used only in the nominative and accusative singular.，唯單數。

格	單數
主格	nihil
屬格	—
與格	—
賓格	nihil
奪格	—
呼格	—

剩下的變格形式表示的意義一般使用nūllus + rēs構式來表示，比如屬格「nūllīus reī」。屬格nihilī和斜格nihilō（均源自nihilum）有自己的俗語義。

衍生詞彙

• adnihilō
• nihil album
• nihil debet
• nihil dicit
• nihildum
• nihilitās
• nihilōminus
• nonnihil

 

相關詞彙

• adnihilātiō
• adnihilātor

派生語彙

• → 葡萄牙語：nicles

參考資料

• nihil in Charlton T. Lewis & Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1879
• 「nihil」, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• nihil在Charles du Fresne du Cange的Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• nihil在Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français (拉丁語-法語詳解詞典), Hachette中的內容
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • I cannot wait till..: nihil mihi longius est or videtur quam dum or quam ut
    
  • nothing is more tiresome to me than..: nihil mihi longius est quam (c. Inf.)
    
  • a wise man is in no way affected by this: hoc nihil ad sapientem pertinet
    
  • to live a life free from all misfortune: nihil calamitatis (in vita) videre
    
  • to afford no consolation: nihil habere consolationis
    
  • to considerably (in no way) further the common good: multum (nihil) ad communem utilitatem afferre
    
  • I will refuse you nothing: nihil tibi a me postulanti recusabo
    
  • not to trouble oneself about a thing: nihil omnino curare
    
  • there is nothing I am more interested in than..: nihil antiquius or prius habeo quam ut (nihil mihi antiquius or potius est, quam ut)
    
  • to live as scrupulously moral a life as ever: nihil ex pristina virtute remittere
    
  • to do no business with a man: nihil cum aliquo contrahere
    
  • not to mention..: ut non (nihil) dicam de...
    
  • but this is not to the point: sed hoc nihil (sane) ad rem
    
  • there is something in what you say; you are more or less right: aliquid (τι) dicis (opp. nihil dicis)
    

馬來語

馬來語基數詞

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其他形式

• نيهيل

詞源

源自拉丁語 nihil。

發音

• 國際音標^(幫助)：/nihel/
• 韻部：-hel, -el

數詞

nihil (爪夷文 نيهيل)

1. 零

近義詞

• kosong / کوسوڠ
• sifar / صفر
• nol / نول