hierarchy
外观
英語
[编辑]詞源
[编辑]源自中古英語 ierarchie、jerarchie,源自古法語 ierarchie、jerarchie,源自晚期拉丁語 ierarchia,源自拉丁語 hierarchia,源自古希臘語 ἱεραρχία (hierarkhía,“(大祭司的)统治”),源自ἱεράρχης (hierárkhēs,“大祭司”),源自ἱερός (hierós,“神圣的”) + ἄρχω (árkhō,“我统治”),等同於 hiero- + -archy。受到古典拉丁语的影响,约1500年时重新加上了“h”。
發音
[编辑]名詞
[编辑]hierarchy (複數 hierarchies)
- (有官位层级的)统治集团
- 2007年5月26日,Leslie Feinberg,“Care & prevention, not repression”,Workers World[1]:
- Gay men and bisexuals were blamed for the [AIDS] epidemic for much the same reason that the church hierarchy in the Middle Ages accused Jewish people of creating bubonic plague by "poisoning the wells."
- 男同性戀者與雙性戀者被指責為愛滋病流行的元兇,其原因與中世紀教會階層指控猶太人透過「在水井投毒」製造黑死病的原因如出一轍。
- 2013年8月10日,Lexington,“Keeping the mighty honest”,經濟學人[2],第 408 卷,第 8848 期,原文存檔於2023-03-12:
- The [Washington] Post's proprietor through those turbulent [Watergate] days, Katharine Graham, held a double place in Washington’s hierarchy: at once regal Georgetown hostess and scrappy newshound, ready to hold the establishment to account.
- 在水門案那段動盪的日子裡,《華盛頓郵報》的所有者凱瑟琳·葛蘭姆在華盛頓的權力體系中佔據著雙重地位:她既是高貴的喬治城女主人,又是意志堅定的新聞人,隨時準備追究權貴階層的責任。
- 等級制度,層級制度,層次結構,階層
- 2023年6月7日,Charles Hugh Smith,Look Around and What Do You See? Social Defeat[3],原文存檔於2023-06-09:
- Social defeat arises in strict social hierarchies in which the few dominate the many. Overcrowding exacerbates the many ills of social defeat within these social hierarchies based on dominance.
- 「社會挫敗」產生於嚴格的社會等級制度中,在這種制度下,少數人統治著多數人。在這些基於支配關係的社會等級中,過度擁擠會加劇社會挫敗所帶來的種種弊端。
- 有等級制度的事物
- 2017年6月1日,Peter Mark Adams,The Game of Saturn: Decoding the Sola-Busca Tarocchi,Scarlet Imprint,→ISBN,第 158 頁:
- ... the surviving portions provide enough detail to outline its principal features: the hierarchy of beings to whom his liturgy was to be addressed (we previously considered Plethon's hierarchy of gods in our examination of his Summary […]
- ……現存的部分提供的細節足以勾勒其主要特徵:即他的禮拜儀式所針對的眾生階層 (我們先前在研究普萊松的《概要》時,已討論過他筆下的神祇階層 […]