harass
英语
[编辑]词源
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动词派生自中古法語、古法語 harasser (“使...力竭；折磨，烦扰”)（现代法語 harasser (“使...力竭”)），可能源自古法語 harer (“放狗追”)，[1]源自古法蘭克語 *hara (“此处，到这里”，命令狗攻击的指令)，[2]源自原始日耳曼語 *hē₂r (“这里”)，最终源自原始印歐語 *ḱe (“这里；这个”) + *ís (“那个，那位”) + *-r。
名词派生自动词。[3]
发音
[编辑]- (標準英音) 英語發音：hăʹrəs, hərăsʹ、國際音標(幫助): /ˈhæɹəs/, /həˈɹæs/
（英国南部）音频： (檔案) - (通用美式) 英語發音：hərăsʹ, hăʹrəs、國際音標(幫助): /həˈɹæs/, /ˈhæɹəs/
- 重音在第一个音节上的第一个发音较老，一部分人认为只有它是正确的，但重音在第二个音节上的第二个发音现在也很常见。[2]
- 韻部：-æɹəs, -æs
- 斷字：ha‧rass
动词
[编辑]harass (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 harasses，現在分詞 harassing，一般過去時及過去分詞 harassed) (及物)
- 烦扰，骚扰，纠缠
- 1829，Juvenal，“Satire XII”, in William Smart（譯者）, Juvenal and Persius, Literally Translated for the Use of Students，London: […] [Richard Gilbert] for Whittaker, Treacher, & Co. […], →OCLC，頁 125:
- For it is a stout calf, ripe for the temples and altar [to be sacrificed], and to be sprinkled with wine; who is now ashamed to draw the dugs of his mother, and who harasseth the oaks with his budding horn.
- （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- Template:RQ:Sewell Black Beauty
- 1895，“Saint Guthlac. A.”, in The Exeter Book, an Anthology of Anglo-Saxon Poetry […]，part I (Poems I–VIII), London: [F]or the Early English Text Society, by Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., […], →OCLC, part I，頁 109，行s 81–88:
- Some who dwell in wildernesses, / who seek and occupy, by their own wills, homes in dark caverns, these await / the heavenly dwelling-place; he who grudgeth them life, / oft bringeth hateful terror upon them; / sometimes he showeth them horror, sometimes vain glory; / the wily murderer hath power of both, / and harasseth these lonely-dwellers; […]
- （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 给...负担，使...紧张
- To harass good people is no different than speaking ill of them.
- （請為本使用例添加中文翻譯）
- 1761，Thomas Boston，“State II. Namely, the State of Nature or of Entire Depravation. Head I. The Sinfulness of Man’s Natural State. [Of the Corruption of the Will.]”, in Human Nature in Its Four-fold State […]，第12th版, Edinburgh: […] David Gray […], →OCLC，頁 80:
- The ſoul that dies this death, is like a loving wife matched with a rigorous huſband: ſhe does what ſhe can to pleaſe him, yet he is never pleaſed; but toſſeth, haraſſeth, and beats her, till ſhe break her heart, and death ſets her free: […]
- （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 1831，William French and George Skinner（譯者）, A New Translation of the Proverbs of Solomon from the Original Hebrew […]，Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: […] J. Smith printer to the University; London: John Murray […], →OCLC, Proverbs XI:29，頁 37:
- He, who harasseth his household, shall inherit the wind; / And the fool shall be the servant of the wise in heart.
- （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 1839，Martin F[arquhar] Tupper，“Of Discretion”, in Proverbial Philosophy: A Book of Thoughts and Arguments, Originally Treated，第3rd版, London: Joseph Rickerby, […], →OCLC，頁s 147–148:
- Zeal without judgment is an evil, though it be zeal unto good; / […] / By a shoulder to the wheel downhill harasseth the labouring beast, / And where an obstruction were needed, will harm by an ill judged thrusting-on.
- （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- Template:RQ:Tennyson Maud
- 反复攻击
- Template:RQ:Bacon Henry 7
- Template:RQ:Swift English Tongue
- Template:RQ:Irving Conquest of Spain
- 1897，“Fourth Discourse. Jnana-Yoga.”, in Alladi Mahadeva Sastry（譯者）, The Bhagavad Gita with the Commentary of Sri Sankaracharya […]，第7th版, Madras, Tamil Nadu: Samata Books, 出版於 1977, →OCLC，頁 119:
- (棄用，常后接out) 使...筋疲力竭，使...劳累不堪
- Template:RQ:Bacon War with Spain
- Template:RQ:Dryden Georgics
- Template:RQ:Addison Cato
- 1812，John Mason Good，“Part II. First Series of Controversy.”, in The Book of Job, Literally Translated from the Original Hebrew, and Restored to Its Natural Arrangement: […]，London: […] [F]or Black, Parry, and Co. […], by R. Watts, Broxbourn Press, →OCLC, Job XIV:19–20:
- As the waters wear to pieces the stones, / As their overflowings sweep the soil from the land,— / So consumest thou the hope of man; / Thou harassest him continually till he perish; / Thou weariest out his frame, and despatchest him.
- （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 1825，Jedediah Cleishbotham [pseudonym]，“Substance of Some Traditions Respecting Grimmfer the Wizard”, in New Landlord’s Tales; or, Jedediah in the South. […]，卷 II, London: […] [S. Gosnell] for T[homas] Hookham, […], →OCLC, chapter I，頁s 126–127:
- '[T]is true, that he neither harasseth his vassals from morn to eve by hard labour and exaction, nor committeth them to the dungeon, when they can no longer work nor pay. But to knights of our calling, Monsieur Robichon, he is as ill disposed as the worst of them:— […]
- （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
变位
[编辑]harass的變位
衍生词汇
[编辑]相关词汇
[编辑]名词
[编辑]harass (複數 harasses)
- (古舊) 骚扰
- 近義詞：harassment、pestering
- 1671，John Milton，“Samson Agonistes, […].”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes，倫敦: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC，頁 22，行s 257–258:
- Mean while the men of Judah to prevent / The harraſs of thir Land, beſet me round; […]
- （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- Template:RQ:Richardson Clarissa
- Template:RQ:Byron Lara
参考资料
[编辑]- ↑ “harass, v.”，OED Online
，Oxford, Oxfordshire：Oxford University Press，March 2021年
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 “harass, v.”，Lexico，Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press，2019–present年.
- ↑ “harass, n.”，OED Online ，Oxford, Oxfordshire：Oxford University Press，June 2019年
延伸阅读
[编辑]
harassment在英語維基百科上的資料。維基百科 en- “harass”，The Century Dictionary […]，New York, N.Y.：The Century Co.，1911，OCLC 867766587
- “harass”，Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary，Springfield, Mass.：G. & C. Merriam，1913年，OCLC 800618302
