hwæt

參見：hƿæt

古英語

其他寫法

hƿæt

詞源

源自原始日耳曼語 *hwat ← 原始印歐語 *kʷod。與古弗里斯蘭語 hwet, 古撒克遜語 hwat, 古荷蘭語 wat, 古高地德語 waz, 古諾爾斯語 hvat等同源。源頭為同一印歐語詞根的還有拉丁語 quod, 立陶宛語 kàd, 愛爾蘭語 cad。

發音

國際音標^(幫助): /xwæt/, [ʍæt]

代詞

hwæt n

什麼
- The Dialogues of Solomon and Saturn
  Hwæt sind þā þrēo þing þe nān mann būtan libban ne mæġ?
  What are the three things no one can live without?
- c. 995, Ælfric, Extracts on Grammar in English
  Dǣdlīcu word ġeswitolaþ hwæt menn dōþ.
  Active verbs express what people do.
- 10世紀晚期, Ælfric, “Midlent Sunday”
  Mid hwām mage wē byċġan hlāf þissum folce?
  What can we use to buy bread for these people?
- 10世紀晚期, Ælfric, Lives of Saints
  Hwæs ābītst þū?
  What are you waiting for?
- The Legend of St. Andrew
  Ealle menn flēoþ of þǣre ċeastre. Tō hwon wille ġē þider faran?
  Everyone’s fleeing that city. What do you want to go there for?
為什麼
- c. 900, The Consolation of Philosophy
  Hwæt seofast þū wiþ mē?
  Why are you groaning at me?
- c. 990, Wessex Gospels, John 4:27
  His leorningcneohtas wundrodon þæt hē wiþ wīf spræc, þēah heora nān ne cwæþ “Hwæt sēcst þū?” oþþe “Hwæt spricst þū wiþ hīe?”
  His disciples were amazed that he was talking to a woman, though none of them said “What are you looking for?” or “Why are you talking to her?”
多少錢（+屬格）
- 10世紀晚期, Ælfric, “Palm Sunday: On the Lord’s Passion”
  Iūdās sōna ēode tō þāra Iudēisċena rǣde and openlīċe befrān hwæt hīe him fēos ġeūðen ġif hē þone Hǣlend him belǣwan mihte.
  Judas immediately went to the Jewish council and openly asked how much money they would give him for betraying Jesus.
- c. 900, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
  Be þām hringum man meahte witan hwæt Rōmāna duguþe ġefeallen wæs, for þon þe hit wæs þēaw mid him on þām dagum þæt nān ōðer ne mōste gyldenne hring werian būtan hē æðeles cynnes wǣre.
  You could tell by the rings how much of the Roman nobility had fallen, because the custom back then was that no one could wear a gold ring unless they were from a noble family.
- c. 900, translation of Orosius' History Against the Pagans
  Hwæðer Rōmāne hit witon nū ǣnigum menn tō seċġenne hwæt heora folces on Ispāniam on fēawum ġēarum forwurde?
  Did the Romans know any longer how many of their people had perished in Spain within a few years?
- The Dialogues of Solomon and Saturn
  Sæġe mē hwæt fisċcynna sīe.
  Tell me how many species of fish there are.
某物，某些東西
- c. 900, translation of Orosius' History Against the Pagans
  Sēo lēo bringþ hungrigum hwelpum hwæt tō etenne.
  The lion brings hungry cubs something to eat.
- c. 1011, Byrhtferth, Manual
  Ġif þū tōdǣlst hwæt on fēower, se fēorða dǣl biþ quadrans ġeċīeġed, and þā ōðre dōdrantēs bēoþ ġenemnede.
  If you divide anything into fours, one part is called a quadrans (Latin for ‘one fourth’), and the other three are called dodrantes (Latin for ‘three fourths’).
- 10世紀晚期, Ælfric, “Preface to Genesis”
  Þā unġelǣredan prēostas, ġif hīe hwæt lȳtles understandaþ of þām Lǣdenbōcum, þonne þyncþ him sōna þæt hīe mæġen mǣre lārēowas bēon.
  If uneducated priests understand anything at all (lit. ‘anything little’) from the Latin texts, they immediately think they can be famous teachers.
誰
- 10世紀晚期, Ælfric, the Old English Hexateuch, Genesis 27:32
  Þā cwæþ Isaāc, “Hwæt eart þū?” Hē andwyrde and cwæþ, “Iċ eom Ēsau.”
  Then Isaac said, “Who are you?” He answered and said, “I'm Esau.”
- c. 990, Wessex Gospels, John 21:12
  Nān þāra þe þǣr sæt ne dorste hine āxian hwæt hē wǣre. Hīe wiston þæt hit wæs Dryhten.
  No one sitting there dared to ask him who he was. They knew it was the Lord.
- 10世紀晚期, Ælfric, “The Second Sunday After Pentecost”
  Ġif iċ wiste hwæt hē wǣre, iċ wolde liċġan æt his fōtum.
  If I'd known who he was, I would have lain at his feet.
- 10世紀晚期, Ælfric, “The Passion of the Apostles Simon and Jude”
  Se ealdormann hīe befrān hwæt hīe wǣren, oþþe hwanon hīe cōmen, oþþe hwȳ hīe þider cōmen.
  The general asked them who they were, where they came from, and why they came there.
- c. 990, Wessex Gospels, John 8:52-53
  Þā cwǣdon þā Iūdēas, “Nū wē witon þæt þū eart wōd. Ābrahām wæs dēad, and þā wītegan, and þū cwist, ‘Ġif hwā mīn word ġehielt, ne biþ hē nǣfre dēad.’ Cwist þū þæt þū sīe mǣrra þonne ūre fæder Ābrahām, þe wæs dēad? And þā wītegan wǣron dēade! Hwæt þyncþ þē þæt þū sīe?”
  Then the Jews said, “Now we know you’re crazy. Abraham died, and so did the prophets, and you say, ‘If anyone keeps my word, they will never die.’ Are you saying you’re greater than our father Abraham, who died? And the prophets died! Who do you think you are?”

變格

Template:Ang-decl-hwa

派生語彙

英語: what

感歎詞

hwæt

嘿！

副詞

hwæt

現在；確實

參考資料

The status of hwæt in Old English^{[永久失效連結]}, George Walkden