straw man
參見:strawman
英語
[编辑]替代形式
[编辑]詞源
[编辑]1986年版 Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary 多處顯示,本詞用作無形之物的比喻義可追溯到1585-95年。
1897年版 Universal Dictionary of the English Language 第4卷第4485頁將“man of straw”解釋為“The figure of a man formed of an old suit of clothes stuffed with straw; hence, the mere resemblance of a man; one of no substance or means; an imaginary person.”(用塞满稻草的旧衣服做成的人形;因此可表示:仅仅是与人相似;没有任何实质或手段;一个想象出来的人。)
對比西弗里斯蘭語 strieman、荷蘭語 strooman、stroman、德語 Strohmann、丹麥語 stråmand、瑞典語 stråman、挪威語 stråmann。
名詞
[编辑]- 稻草人 (一種用來防止鳥類擾亂農作物的設備)
- (比喻義) 不重要的人,沒有作用的人
- (比喻義) 稻草人論證,稻草人謬誤 (一種歪曲對手言論的辯論手段)
- 反義詞: steelman
- 2018, Lars Ljungqvist and Thomas J. Sargent, Recursive macroeconomic theory, 4th版, MIT Press,頁號 4:
- This Euler inequality recurs as either the cornerstone or the straw man in many theories contained in this book.
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- (比喻義,工程學,商業) 稻草人提案
- a tentative straw-man spec
- 暫定的稻草人規範
- straw buyer之同義詞
- 2000, John W. Reilly, The Language of Real Estate,頁號 381:
- If a broker or a salesperson attempts to use a straw man to purchase property for which he or she has a listing, the real estate person must specifically disclose in writing to the seller this relationship with the buyer.
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
動詞
[编辑]straw man (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 straw mans,現在分詞 straw manning,一般過去時及過去分詞 straw manned)
- 使用稻草人論證
- 同類詞: steelman
- Person A: "Cats have claws."
Person B: "Not all cats have claws: some are declawed."
Person A: "Don't straw man me; I never said all."- 甲:“猫有爪子。”
乙:“不是所有的猫都有爪子:有些猫没有爪子。”
甲:“别拿我当稻草人,我从没说过“所有”。”
- 甲:“猫有爪子。”
- 1996 [Vale Press], Ralph H. Johnson, The Rise of Informal Logic, Windsor Studies in Argumentation, 2014, E-edition, page 178,
- I have also argued that he is guilty of straw manning Copi and that his charge of shoddy reasoning against Kahane makes use of an equivocation on the concept of fallacy.
- 2016, Stijn Smismans, “5: Regulatory Procedure and Participation in the European Union”, 出自 Comparative Law and Regulation, Edward Elgar Publishing,頁號 133:
- 11 It should, however, also be noted that in certain cases later "neo-corporatist authors" straw manned the pluralist model, making it easier to criticise (Nedelmann and Meier, 1979: 94).
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- 2021, John T. Lysaker, Philosophy, Writing, and the Character of Thought, University of Chicago Press,頁號 39:
- My point does not concern the principle of charity or whether Hickman has straw manned postmodernism.
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
延伸閲讀
[编辑]straw man在英語維基百科上的資料。維基百科 en
straw man proposal在英語維基百科上的資料。維基百科 en