straw man

參見：strawman

英語

替代形式

• strawman

詞源

源自 straw +‎ man。

1986年版 Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary 多處顯示，本詞用作無形之物的比喻義可追溯到1585-95年。

1897年版 Universal Dictionary of the English Language 第4卷第4485頁將“man of straw”解釋為“The figure of a man formed of an old suit of clothes stuffed with straw; hence, the mere resemblance of a man; one of no substance or means; an imaginary person.”（用塞满稻草的旧衣服做成的人形；因此可表示：仅仅是与人相似；没有任何实质或手段；一个想象出来的人。）

對比西弗里斯蘭語 strieman、荷蘭語 strooman、stroman、德語 Strohmann、丹麥語 stråmand、瑞典語 stråman、挪威語 stråmann。

名詞

straw man (複數 straw men)

1. 稻草人 （一種用來防止鳥類擾亂農作物的設備）
2. (比喻義) 不重要的人，沒有作用的人
3. (比喻義) 稻草人論證，稻草人謬誤 （一種歪曲對手言論的辯論手段）

   反義詞：steelman

   • 2018, Lars Ljungqvist and Thomas J. Sargent, Recursive macroeconomic theory, 4th edition, MIT Press, page 4:

     This Euler inequality recurs as either the cornerstone or the straw man in many theories contained in this book.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

5. (比喻義，工程學，商業) 稻草人提案

   a tentative straw-man spec

   暫定的稻草人規範

6. straw buyer之同義詞
   • 2000, John W. Reilly, The Language of Real Estate, page 381:

     If a broker or a salesperson attempts to use a straw man to purchase property for which he or she has a listing, the real estate person must specifically disclose in writing to the seller this relationship with the buyer.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

動詞

straw man (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 straw mans，現在分詞 straw manning，簡單過去時和過去分詞 straw manned)

1. 使用稻草人論證

   同類詞：steelman

   Person A: "Cats have claws."
   Person B: "Not all cats have claws: some are declawed."
   Person A: "Don't straw man me; I never said all."

   甲：“猫有爪子。”
   乙：“不是所有的猫都有爪子：有些猫没有爪子。”
   甲：“别拿我当稻草人，我从没说过“所有”。”

   • 1996 [Vale Press], Ralph H. Johnson, The Rise of Informal Logic, Windsor Studies in Argumentation, 2014, E-edition, page 178,

     I have also argued that he is guilty of straw manning Copi and that his charge of shoddy reasoning against Kahane makes use of an equivocation on the concept of fallacy.

   • 2016, Stijn Smismans, “5: Regulatory Procedure and Participation in the European Union”, in Francesca Bignami, David Zaring, editors, Comparative Law and Regulation, Edward Elgar Publishing, page 133:

     ¹¹ It should, however, also be noted that in certain cases later "neo-corporatist authors" straw manned the pluralist model, making it easier to criticise (Nedelmann and Meier, 1979: 94).

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • 2021, John T. Lysaker, Philosophy, Writing, and the Character of Thought, University of Chicago Press, page 39:

     My point does not concern the principle of charity or whether Hickman has straw manned postmodernism.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

延伸閲讀

• straw man在英語維基百科上的資料。維基百科 ^en
• straw man proposal在英語維基百科上的資料。維基百科 ^en