melancholy

英語

替代寫法

• melancholly、melancholie、melancholious (棄用)

詞源

繼承自中古英語 malencolie，來自古法語 melancolie，來自古希臘語 μελαγχολία (melankholía，“atrabiliousness”)，來自μέλας (mélas)、μελαν- (melan-，“黑色，黑暗，陰暗”) + χολή (kholḗ，“膽汁”)。對照拉丁語 ātra bīlis (“黑膽汁”)。形容詞用法是中古英語的創新，可能受到後綴-y、-ly的影響。

發音

• (英國) 國際音標^(幫助): /ˈmɛlənkəli/
• (美國) 國際音標^(幫助): /ˈmɛl.ənˌkɑ.li/

• 音頻 (美國)：

  (檔案)

名詞

melancholy (可數和不可數，複數 melancholies)

1. (歷史) 黑膽汁
   • 1624，Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton]，The Anatomy of Melancholy: […]，2nd版，Oxford, Oxfordshire：Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps，→OCLC：
     , Bk.I, New York 2001, p.148:

     Melancholy, cold and dry, thick, black, and sour, […] is a bridle to the other two hot humours, blood and choler, preserving them in the blood, and nourishing the bones.

2. 憂鬱，悲哀
   • Template:RQ:Shakespeare Henry 6-2
   • c. 1598–1600 (date written)，William Shakespeare，「As You Like It」，收錄於Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […]（First Folio），London： […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount，1623 出版，→OCLC，「[Act IV, scene i]」：

     I have neither the scholar’s melancholy, which is emulation; nor the musician’s, which is fantastical; nor the courtier’s, which is proud; nor the soldier’s, which is ambitious; nor the lawyer’s, which is politic; nor the lady’s, which is nice; nor the lover’s, which is all these; but it is a melancholy of mine own, compounded of many simples, extracted from many objects, and, indeed, the sundry contemplation of my travels; in which my often rumination wraps me in a most humorous sadness.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • 1831, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter VI, in Romance and Reality. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 111:

     "The ancients referred melancholy to the mind, the moderns make it matter of digestion—to either case my plan applies," said Lady Mandeville.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • 1936 Sept. 15, F. Scott Fitzgerald, letter to Beatrice Dance:

     As to Ernest... He is quite as nervously broken down as I am but it manifests itself in different ways. His inclination is towards megalomania and mine towards melancholy.

衍生詞

• melancholy thistle
• solemncholy

形容詞

melancholy (比較級 more melancholy，最高級 most melancholy)

1. (書面) 憂鬱的，悲哀的

   Melancholy people don't talk much.

   憂鬱的人話不多。

   • 1922, Ben Travers, chapter 1, in A Cuckoo in the Nest‎^[1]:

     “[…] the awfully hearty sort of Christmas cards that people do send to other people that they don't know at all well. You know. The kind that have mottoes […] . And then, when you see [the senders], you probably find that they are the most melancholy old folk with malignant diseases. […]”

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • 1981，Greg Kihn，Steve Wright，「The Breakup Song (They Don't Write 'Em)」，收錄於RocKihnRoll‎^[2]，由 The Greg Kihn Band：

     And then the band slowed the tempo / And the music gets you down / Ah-ah-ah, ah-ah-ah-ah, ah / It was the same old song / With a melancholy sound / Ah-ah-ah, ah-ah-ah-ah, ah

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

同義詞

• (憂鬱)： melancholic
• 參見Thesaurus:sad

相關詞

• melancholic
• sadness
• melancholia