melancholy
英語
[编辑]替代寫法
[编辑]詞源
[编辑]繼承自中古英語 malencolie，來自古法語 melancolie，來自古希臘語 μελαγχολία (melankholía，“atrabiliousness”)，來自μέλας (mélas)、μελαν- (melan-，“黑色，黑暗，陰暗”) + χολή (kholḗ，“膽汁”)。對照拉丁語 ātra bīlis (“黑膽汁”)。形容詞用法是中古英語的創新，可能受到後綴-y、-ly的影響。
發音
[编辑]名詞
[编辑]melancholy (可數 和 不可數，複數 melancholies)
- (歷史) 黑膽汁
- 1624，Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton]，The Anatomy of Melancholy: […]，第2nd版, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC:, Bk.I, New York 2001, p.148:
- Melancholy, cold and dry, thick, black, and sour, […] is a bridle to the other two hot humours, blood and choler, preserving them in the blood, and nourishing the bones.
- 憂鬱，悲哀
- Template:RQ:Shakespeare Henry 6-2
- Template:RQ:Shakespeare As You Like It
- 1831，L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon]，章號 VI, in Romance and Reality. […]，卷 III, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC，頁 111:
- "The ancients referred melancholy to the mind, the moderns make it matter of digestion—to either case my plan applies," said Lady Mandeville.
- （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 1936 Sept. 15, F. Scott Fitzgerald, letter to Beatrice Dance:
- As to Ernest... He is quite as nervously broken down as I am but it manifests itself in different ways. His inclination is towards megalomania and mine towards melancholy.
衍生詞
[编辑]形容詞
[编辑]melancholy (比較級 more melancholy，最高級 most melancholy)
- (書面) 憂鬱的，悲哀的
- Melancholy people don't talk much.
- 憂鬱的人話不多。
- 1922，Ben Travers，章號 1, in A Cuckoo in the Nest[1]:
- “[…] the awfully hearty sort of Christmas cards that people do send to other people that they don't know at all well. You know. The kind that have mottoes […] . And then, when you see [the senders], you probably find that they are the most melancholy old folk with malignant diseases. […]”
- （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 1981，Greg Kihn, Steve Wright，“The Breakup Song (They Don't Write 'Em)”, in RocKihnRoll[2]，演出者 The Greg Kihn Band:
- And then the band slowed the tempo / And the music gets you down / Ah-ah-ah, ah-ah-ah-ah, ah / It was the same old song / With a melancholy sound / Ah-ah-ah, ah-ah-ah-ah, ah
- （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
同義詞
[编辑]- (憂鬱)： melancholic
- 參見Thesaurus:sad