melancholy
英语[编辑]
替代写法[编辑]
词源[编辑]
继承自中古英语 malencolie，来自古法语 melancolie，来自古希腊语 μελαγχολία (melankholía, “atrabiliousness”)，来自μέλας (mélas)、μελαν- (melan-, “黑色，黑暗，阴暗”) + χολή (kholḗ, “胆汁”)。对照拉丁语 ātra bīlis (“黑胆汁”)。形容词用法是中古英语的创新，可能受到后缀-y、-ly的影响。
发音[编辑]
名词[编辑]
melancholy (可数 和 不可数, 复数 melancholies)
- (历史) 黑胆汁
- 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd版, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC:, Bk.I, New York 2001, p.148:
- Melancholy, cold and dry, thick, black, and sour, […] is a bridle to the other two hot humours, blood and choler, preserving them in the blood, and nourishing the bones.
- 忧郁，悲哀
- Template:RQ:Shakespeare Henry 6-2
- Template:RQ:Shakespeare As You Like It
- 1831, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], 章号 VI, 出自 Romance and Reality. […], 卷 III, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC，页号 111:
- "The ancients referred melancholy to the mind, the moderns make it matter of digestion—to either case my plan applies," said Lady Mandeville.
- （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
- 1936 Sept. 15, F. Scott Fitzgerald, letter to Beatrice Dance:
- As to Ernest... He is quite as nervously broken down as I am but it manifests itself in different ways. His inclination is towards megalomania and mine towards melancholy.
衍生词[编辑]
形容词[编辑]
melancholy (比较级 more melancholy, 最高级 most melancholy)
- (书面) 忧郁的，悲哀的
- Melancholy people don't talk much.
- 忧郁的人话不多。
- 1922, Ben Travers, 章号 1, 出自 A Cuckoo in the Nest[1]:
- “[…] the awfully hearty sort of Christmas cards that people do send to other people that they don't know at all well. You know. The kind that have mottoes […] . And then, when you see [the senders], you probably find that they are the most melancholy old folk with malignant diseases. […]”
- （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
- 1981, Greg Kihn, Steve Wright, “The Breakup Song (They Don't Write 'Em)”, 出自 RocKihnRoll[2], 演出者 The Greg Kihn Band:
- And then the band slowed the tempo / And the music gets you down / Ah-ah-ah, ah-ah-ah-ah, ah / It was the same old song / With a melancholy sound / Ah-ah-ah, ah-ah-ah-ah, ah
- （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
同义词[编辑]
- (忧郁)： melancholic
- 参见Thesaurus:sad