dress

參見：Dress 和 Dreß

英語

詞源

原始印歐語詞
*dwís

動詞源自中古英語 dressen、dresse (“整理、使有秩序”)^[1]，源自盎格魯-諾曼語、古法語 dresser、drecier（現代法語 dresser），追溯至晚期拉丁語 *dīrēctiāre (“引導、指引”)，源自古典拉丁語 dīrēctus，英語 direct 亦由此而來。並且與拉丁語 regō 同源。

名詞則由動詞派生而來^[2]。

可對比語源類型上的 adorn（<< 拉丁語 ōrnō < ōrdō，亦見 ōrdinō、英語 order、ornament）；俄語 наряжа́ть (narjažátʹ)、наря́д (narjád)（與 ряд (rjad)、поря́док (porjádok) 同源）。

發音

(標準英音) 國際音標^(幫助): /dɹes/
英語發音：drĕs, 國際音標^(幫助): /dɹɛs/
(新西蘭) 國際音標^(幫助): /dɹɪs/
音頻 (標準南英音)： (檔案)
音頻 (通用美式)： (檔案)
韻部：-ɛs

動詞

dress (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 dresses，現在分詞 dressing，簡單過去時 dressed，過去分詞 dressed 或 (棄用) drest)

(及物)
1. (亦反身和比喻義) 給（自己、他人、物件）穿衣；著裝；給…穿上衣服（自15世紀起）
  近義詞：attire, don；亦參見Thesaurus:clothe
  
  反義詞：strip, undress；亦參見Thesaurus:undress
  
  He was dressed in the latest fashions.
  他穿着最新款的服装。
  
  My kids are old enough to dress themselves now.
  我的孩子们现在已经可以自己穿衣服了。
  - Template:RQ:Beaumont Fletcher Woman Hater
  - Template:RQ:More Psychodia
  - 1897年12月 (標示為1898年)，温斯顿·丘吉尔，第II章，收錄於The Celebrity: An Episode，紐約：The Macmillan Company；倫敦：麥米倫出版公司，→OCLC，15頁：
    Sunning himself on the board steps, I saw for the first time Mr. Farquhar Fenelon Cooke. He was dressed out in broad gaiters and bright tweeds, like an English tourist, and his face might have belonged to Dagon, idol of the Philistines.
    （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
  - 1963, Margery Allingham, “Justifiably Angry Young Men”, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC, page 93:
    I remember a lady coming to inspect St. Mary's Home where I was brought up and seeing us all in our lovely Elizabethan uniforms we were so proud of, and bursting into tears all over us because "it was wicked to dress us like charity children". We nearly crowned her we were so offended.
    （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
  1. (特指)（為特定場合）盛裝；（使）穿著正式、時尚；（使）打扮得體
    - c. 1580，Philippe Sidnei [i.e., Philip Sidney]，「[The First Booke] Chapter 6」，收錄於Fulke Greville, Matthew Gwinne, and John Florio（編），The Covntesse of Pembrokes Arcadia [The New Arcadia]，London： […] [John Windet] for William Ponsonbie，1590 出版，→OCLC；republished in Albert Feuillerat（編），The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia（Cambridge English Classics: The Complete Works of Sir Philip Sidney；I），Cambridge, Cambridgeshire：University Press，1912，→OCLC，40頁：
      [A]ll the men there shoulde dresse themselves like the poorest sorte of the people in Arcadia, having no banners, but bloudie shirtes hanged upon long staves, […]
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    - 1624，Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton]，「Artificiall Allurements of Loue, Causes and Provocations to Lust. Gestures, Cloathes, Dowre &c.」，收錄於The Anatomy of Melancholy: […]，2nd版，Oxford, Oxfordshire：Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps，→OCLC，「partition 3, section 2, member 2, subsection 3」，376頁：
      […] Anthony [i.e., Mark Antony] himſelfe was quite beſotted with Cleopatra’s ſweete ſpeeches, philters, beauty, pleaſing tires: for when ſhe ſailed along the riuer Cydnus, with ſuch incredible pompe in a guilded ſhip, her ſelfe dreſſed like Venus, her maides like the Graces, her Pages like ſo many Cupids, Anthony was amazed, & rapt beyond himſelfe.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    - Template:RQ:Pepys Diary
    - Template:RQ:Vanbrugh Relapse
    - Template:RQ:Spectator
    - 1749，Henry Fielding，「The History Draws Nearer to a Conclusion」，收錄於The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling [棄兒湯姆·瓊斯的歷史]，第VI卷，London：A[ndrew] Millar, […]，→OCLC，「book XVIII」，279頁：
      [T]he Hour appointed by Mr. Weſtern now drew ſo near, that he had barely Time left to dreſs himſelf.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    - Template:RQ:Goldsmith Citizen of the World
2. 為（某人）設計、製作、提供或挑選服裝
  The fashion designer was proud to have dressed the queen for the charity event.
  这位时装设计师很自豪能为女王设计慈善活动的服装。
3. 整理頭髮；為…做髮型；梳理頭髮
  - Template:RQ:Camden Holland Britain
  - Template:RQ:Pepys Diary
4. (亦比喻義) 裝飾；點綴（自15世紀起）
  It was time to dress the windows for Christmas again.
  又到了装饰圣诞橱窗的时候了。
  - Template:RQ:Tennyson Poems 1842
  - Template:RQ:Froude Carlyle
  - 1950 October，Jay Livingston，Ray Evans，「Silver Bells」，由 Bing Crosby and Carol Richards, with John Scott Trotter and His Orchestra and the Lee Gordon Singers：
    City sidewalks, busy sidewalks, dressed in holiday style / In the air there's a feeling of Christmas
    （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
  1. 布置商品陳列；裝飾（商店或櫥窗）
  2. (航海) 以懸掛國旗與信號旗裝飾（船隻）；懸旗致敬；掛滿旗
6. 包紮或處理（傷口）；(棄用) 為傷者施治（自15世紀起）
  近義詞：bandage, put a bandage on
  - 1590，埃德蒙·斯宾塞，「Book III, Canto V」，收錄於仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]），London： […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie，→OCLC，「stanza 41」，473頁：
    [T]he Mayd / His readie vvound with better ſalues new dreſt, / Daily ſhe dreſſed him, and did the beſt / His grieuous hurt to guariſh, that ſhe might, […]
    （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
  - Template:RQ:Stevenson Treasure Island
  - Template:RQ:Grey Riders of the Purple Sage
7. 使（某物）可用；準備；使適於用途
  - Template:RQ:Sylvester Du Bartas
  - 1611，The Holy Bible, […]（King James Version），London： […] Robert Barker, […]，→OCLC，「Exodus 30:7」，第1列：
    And Aaron ſhall burne thereon [i.e., on the altar of incense] ſweet incenſe euery morning: when he dreſſeth the lamps he ſhal burn incenſe vpon it.
    （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
  - Template:RQ:Dryden Aeneis
  1. 處理、整備或鞣製（獸皮或皮革）
  3. (尤指礦石) 以破碎、篩分、加熱等物理方式處理；選礦
    下位詞：rag
    
    in mining and metallurgy, to dress ores by sorting and separating them
    在采矿和冶金中，通过分拣和分离来选矿
  5. 修整（材料）表面；整平（木材、石材、磨輪等）
    下位詞：rag
  6. (歷史或英格蘭，區域用語) 以篩分、簸揚等方式去除（麵粉、穀物等）的雜質
  7. (捕魚) 製作或整理（釣魚用）假餌以備綁於魚鉤
8. (農業，園藝) 耕作或照料（園地、土地、植物等）；尤指施肥、施糞
  - 1595 December 9 (first known performance), [William Shakespeare], The Tragedie of King Richard the Second. […] (First Quarto), London: […] Valentine Simmes for Androw Wise, […], published 1597, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iv]:
    Gard[ener]. Oh what pitie is it that he had not ſo trimde, / And dreſt his land as vve this garden at time of yeare / Do vvound the barke, the skinne of our fruit trees, […] Queene. Oh I am preſt to death through vvant of ſpeaking / Thou old Adams likeneſſe ſet to dreſſe this garden, / How dares thy harſh rude tong ſound this vnpleaſing nevvs?
    （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
9. (屠宰) 切割（動物或其肉）以供食用
  下位詞：dress out, field dress
  - December 2020, Tim Folger, “North America’s most valuable resource is at risk”, in National Geographic Magazine‎^[1]:
    But as he dressed the carcass—cutting it up to bring home—Borg’s gratitude gave way to revulsion. When he tried to extract the liver, which should have been firm and meaty, it deliquesced into a bloody sludge, sliding goopily through his fingers.
    （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
10. (烹飪) 準備（食物），尤指調味；特指為（食物，尤指沙拉）加入調味汁、醬料（自15世紀起）
  - Template:RQ:Peele Old Wives Tale
  - Template:RQ:Shakespeare Taming of the Shrew
  - a. 1645, John Milton, “L’Allegro”, in Poems of Mr. John Milton, […], London: […] Ruth Raworth for Humphrey Mosely, […], published 1646, →OCLC, page 34:
    Where Corydon and Thyrſis met, / Are at their ſavory dinner ſet / Of Hearbes, and other Country Meſſes, / Which the neat-handed Phillis dreſſes; […]
    （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
  - Template:RQ:Austen Pride and Prejudice
11. (電影，電視，劇場)
  1. 為（戲劇或其他表演）設計、製作或準備戲服；亦指以特定服裝風格呈現（作品）
  2. 安裝道具、布景等以佈置（舞台）
    - 2012, Marvin Silbersher, chapter 22, in A Fistful of Stars, [Bloomington, Ind.]: Xlibris, →ISBN, page 106:
      Mallory, all night long, single-handedly painted and dressed the set so that at eight o'clock Sunday morning when we arrived to make breakfast in the kitchen, there she was sound asleep on the davenport in the set, every prop in place.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
12. (軍事) 使（士兵或部隊）列隊成形；尤指校正隊形、對齊
  to dress the ranks
  給隊伍排好隊列
13. (北英格蘭，古舊) 以特定方式對待（某人），尤指恰當地對待；引申為痛打（某人）；亦指痛罵、斥責
  - Template:RQ:Shakespeare Measure
14. (棄用) 訓練、馴服（馬匹或其他動物）以供使用
  - 1595 December 9 (first known performance), [William Shakespeare], The Tragedie of King Richard the Second. […] (First Quarto), London: […] Valentine Simmes for Androw Wise, […], published 1597, →OCLC, [Act V, scene v]:
    Oh how it ernd my hart when I beheld, / In London ſtreetes, that Coronation day, / VVhen Bullingbroke rode on Roane Barbarie. / That horſe, that thou ſo often haſt beſtride. / That horſe, that I ſo carefully haue dreſt.
    （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
(反身，不及物，棄用) 準備自己；整裝；預備（14-16世紀）
- [a. 1472, Thomas Malory, “Capitulum xviij”, in [Le Morte Darthur], book IV (in 中古英語), [London: […] by William Caxton], published 31 July 1485, →OCLC, leaf 222, recto; republished as H[einrich] Oskar Sommer, editor, Le Morte Darthur […], London: David Nutt, […], 1889, →OCLC, page 142, lines 19–21:
  [S]yr Gawayns ſpere brak ⸝ but ſir marhaus ſpere helde ⸝ And therwith ſyre Gawayne and his hors ruſſhed doune to the erthe ⸝ And lyghtly ſyre Gawayne roſe on his feet ⸝ and pulled out his ſwerd ⸝ and dreſſyd hym toward syr Marhaus on foote ⸝ […]
  Sir Gawain's spear broke, but Sir Marhaus's [i.e., Morholt of Ireland's] spear held; and therewith Sir Gawain and his horse rushed down to the earth, and lightly Sir Gawain rose on his feet, and pulled out his sword, and dressed [prepared] himself toward Sir Marhaus on foot, […]]
(不及物)
1. 穿衣；著衣
  近義詞：get dressed
  
  反義詞：disrobe, get undressed, strip, undress
  
  I rose and dressed before daybreak. It’s very cold out. Dress warm.
  天还没亮我就起床穿好衣服了。外面很冷，注意保暖。
  1. (特指) （為特定場合）盛裝；穿著正式、時尚；打扮得體
    They returned home early to dress for dinner.
    他们提前回家穿好盛装吃晚饭。
2. （指物）經處理後達到可用狀態；經加工而成形
3. (委婉，主用於裁縫) 使陰莖在褲中自然偏向一側（自20世紀起）
  While measuring him for his trousers, the tailor asked him if he dressed to the left or the right.
  裁缝在给他量裤子尺寸时，问他要偏左还是偏右。
4. (俚語) cross-dress的缩略形式
5. (屠宰)（指屠體）去除內臟與皮後具有某一定量或重量；亦指切割處理後呈現某種外觀
6. (軍事，有時作操練口令)（指士兵或部隊）列隊成形；尤指排成直列並保持適當間距
  Right, dress!
  向右看齐！
7. (運動)（指運動員）穿上比賽服並備妥裝備
  Due to a left ankle sprain, the basketball player did not dress for the game against Indiana.
  由于左脚踝扭伤，这名篮球运动员没有参加对阵印第安纳的比赛。

變位

dress的變位

不定式	(to) dress
	現在時	過去式
第一人稱單數	dress	dressed
第二人稱單數	dress, dressest¹	dressed, dressedst¹
第三人稱單數	dresses, dresseth¹	dressed
複數	dress

虛擬語氣	dress

祈使語氣	dress	—

分詞	dressing	dressed

¹古舊或棄用。

衍生詞

派生語彙

→ 蘇里南湯加語：dresi

名詞

dress (可數和不可數，複數 dresses)

(可數)
2. (服裝) 連身裙；洋裝
  近義詞：frock
  
  Amy and Mary looked very pretty in their dresses.
  艾米和玛丽穿裙子看起来非常漂亮。
  - 1963, Margery Allingham, “Dangerous Lady”, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC, page 36:
    She looked cool in a grey tailored cotton dress with a terracotta scarf and shoes and her hair a black silk helmet.
    （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
3. (印度之外為古舊) 外衣；成套外衣（為特定場合或職業所穿，具裝飾性，男女皆可穿）
  - Template:RQ:Goldsmith She Stoops to Conquer
  - Template:RQ:Ruskin Political Economy of Art
  1. (引申，印度) 衣服，服裝
    He wore a bright orange dress to the office yesterday.
    他昨天穿着一件亮橙色的衣服去上班。
4. (電影，電視，劇場) dress rehearsal的缩略形式
(不可數)
1. 服裝；衣著（尤指適用於特定場合或職業者）
  military dress ― 军装
  
  He came to the party in formal dress.
  他身着正装出席了聚会。
  - Template:RQ:Shakespeare Antony and Cleopatra
  - Template:RQ:Spectator
  - Template:RQ:Dickens Nicholas Nickleby
  - 1963, Margery Allingham, “Justifiably Angry Young Man”, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC, page 82:
    Even in an era when individuality in dress is a cult, his clothes were noticeable. He was wearing a hard hat of the low round kind favoured by hunting men, and with it a black duffle-coat lined with white.
    （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
2. (古舊) 穿衣；打扮（尤指為特定場合或時尚目的）
3. (引申)
  1. （動物或物體的）外覆；外層（如鳥的羽毛）
    - Template:RQ:Darwin Descent of Man
  2. （指物）經處理後的外觀；成品表面；加工後的仕樣
  3. (比喻義) 外在呈現；外觀；（為營造良好印象的）外在包裝、外貌
  4. (古舊，歷史) 磨石表面的槽紋系統
4. (棄用) 包紮或處理傷口的行為；亦指所施加的敷料

衍生詞

派生語彙

→ 日語：ドレス (doresu)
→ 朝鮮語：드레스 (deureseu)
→ 挪威語： dress
→ 賓夕法尼亞德語：Dress
→ 蘇格蘭蓋爾語：dreasa

參見

👗

參考資料

↑ “dressen, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
↑ “dress, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, September 2021; “dress, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.

延伸閱讀

dress在英語維基百科上的資料。維基百科 ^en
William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “dress”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
“dress”, in Merriam-Webster.com Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
OneLook 在线词典 上有关 dress 的释义
“dress”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

書面挪威語

挪威語維基百科有一篇條目關於：

dress

Wikipedia ^no

詞源1

借自英語 dress。

名詞

dress 陽 (定指單數 dressen，不定複數 dresser，定指複數 dressene)

套装

詞源2

動詞

dress

dresse 的命令式

參考資料

“dress”在《书面挪威语词典》中的解释。

新挪威語

詞源

源自英語 dress。

名詞

dress 陽 (定單數 dressen，不定複數 dressar，定複數 dressane)

套装

派生詞彙

參考資料

“dress”在《新挪威语词典》中的解释。

[1] “dressen, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

[2] “dress, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, September 2021; “dress, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.

[1]

[2]

英語

詞源

發音

動詞

變位

衍生詞

相關詞

派生語彙

名詞

衍生詞

派生語彙

參見

參考資料

延伸閱讀

書面挪威語

詞源1

名詞

詞源2

動詞

參考資料

新挪威語

詞源

名詞

派生詞彙

參考資料