dress

参见：Dress 和 Dreß

英语

词源

原始印欧语词
*dwís

动词源自中古英语 dressen、dresse (“整理、使有秩序”)^[1]，源自盎格鲁-诺曼语、古法语 dresser、drecier（现代法语 dresser），追溯至晚期拉丁语 *dīrēctiāre (“引导、指引”)，源自古典拉丁语 dīrēctus，英语 direct 亦由此而来。并且与拉丁语 regō 同源。

名词则由动词派生而来^[2]。

可对比语源类型上的 adorn（<< 拉丁语 ōrnō < ōrdō，亦见 ōrdinō、英语 order、ornament）；俄语 наряжа́ть (narjažátʹ)、наря́д (narjád)（与 ряд (rjad)、поря́док (porjádok) 同源）。

发音

(标准英音) 国际音标^(帮助): /dɹes/
英语发音：drĕs, 国际音标^(帮助): /dɹɛs/
(新西兰) 国际音标^(帮助): /dɹɪs/
音频 (标准南英音)： (档案)
音频 (通用美式)： (档案)
韵部：-ɛs

动词

dress (第三人称单数简单现在时 dresses，现在分词 dressing，简单过去时 dressed，过去分词 dressed 或 (棄用) drest)

(及物)
1. (亦反身和比喻义) 给（自己、他人、物件）穿衣；着装；给…穿上衣服（自15世纪起）
  近义词：attire、don；亦参见Thesaurus:clothe
  
  反义词：strip、undress；亦参见Thesaurus:undress
  
  He was dressed in the latest fashions.
  他穿着最新款的服装。
  
  My kids are old enough to dress themselves now.
  我的孩子们现在已经可以自己穿衣服了。
  - Template:RQ:Beaumont Fletcher Woman Hater
  - Template:RQ:More Psychodia
  - 1897年12月（标示为1898年），Winston Churchill，章号 II，The Celebrity: An Episode，纽约：The Macmillan Company；伦敦：Macmillan & Co., Ltd.，→OCLC，第 15 页：
    Sunning himself on the board steps, I saw for the first time Mr. Farquhar Fenelon Cooke. He was dressed out in broad gaiters and bright tweeds, like an English tourist, and his face might have belonged to Dagon, idol of the Philistines.
    （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
  - 1963，Margery Allingham，“Justifiably Angry Young Men”，The China Governess: A Mystery，London：Chatto & Windus，→OCLC，第 93 页：
    I remember a lady coming to inspect St. Mary's Home where I was brought up and seeing us all in our lovely Elizabethan uniforms we were so proud of, and bursting into tears all over us because "it was wicked to dress us like charity children". We nearly crowned her we were so offended.
    （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
  1. (特指)（为特定场合）盛装；（使）穿着正式、时尚；（使）打扮得体
    - c. 1580，Philippe Sidnei [i.e., Philip Sidney]，“[The First Booke] Chapter 6”，The Covntesse of Pembrokes Arcadia [The New Arcadia]，London： […] [John Windet] for William Ponsonbie，出版于 1590，→OCLC; republished in The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia (Cambridge English Classics: The Complete Works of Sir Philip Sidney; I)，University Press，1912，→OCLC，第 40 页：
      [A]ll the men there shoulde dresse themselves like the poorest sorte of the people in Arcadia, having no banners, but bloudie shirtes hanged upon long staves, […]
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    - 1624，Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton]，“Artificiall Allurements of Loue, Causes and Provocations to Lust. Gestures, Cloathes, Dowre &c.”，The Anatomy of Melancholy: […]，第2nd版，Oxford, Oxfordshire：Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps，→OCLC，partition 3, section 2, member 2, subsection 3，第 376 页：
      […] Anthony [i.e., Mark Antony] himſelfe was quite beſotted with Cleopatra’s ſweete ſpeeches, philters, beauty, pleaſing tires: for when ſhe ſailed along the riuer Cydnus, with ſuch incredible pompe in a guilded ſhip, her ſelfe dreſſed like Venus, her maides like the Graces, her Pages like ſo many Cupids, Anthony was amazed, & rapt beyond himſelfe.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    - Template:RQ:Pepys Diary
    - Template:RQ:Vanbrugh Relapse
    - Template:RQ:Spectator
    - 1749，Henry Fielding，“The History Draws Nearer to a Conclusion”，The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling [弃儿汤姆·琼斯的历史]，第 VI 卷，London：A[ndrew] Millar, […]，→OCLC，book XVIII，第 279 页：
      [T]he Hour appointed by Mr. Weſtern now drew ſo near, that he had barely Time left to dreſs himſelf.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    - Template:RQ:Goldsmith Citizen of the World
2. 为（某人）设计、制作、提供或挑选服装
  The fashion designer was proud to have dressed the queen for the charity event.
  这位时装设计师很自豪能为女王设计慈善活动的服装。
3. 整理头发；为…做发型；梳理头发
  - Template:RQ:Camden Holland Britain
  - Template:RQ:Pepys Diary
4. (亦比喻义) 装饰；点缀（自15世纪起）
  It was time to dress the windows for Christmas again.
  又到了装饰圣诞橱窗的时候了。
  - Template:RQ:Tennyson Poems 1842
  - Template:RQ:Froude Carlyle
  - 1950October，Jay Livingston，Ray Evans （作曲作词），“Silver Bells”，演出者 Bing Crosby and Carol Richards, with John Scott Trotter and His Orchestra and the Lee Gordon Singers：
    City sidewalks, busy sidewalks, dressed in holiday style / In the air there's a feeling of Christmas
    （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
  1. 布置商品陈列；装饰（商店或橱窗）
  2. (航海) 以悬挂国旗与信号旗装饰（船只）；悬旗致敬；挂满旗
6. 包扎或处理（伤口）；(弃用) 为伤者施治（自15世纪起）
  近义词：bandage、put a bandage on
  - 1590，埃德蒙·斯宾塞，“Book III, Canto V”，仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]），London： […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie，→OCLC，stanza 41，第 473 页：
    [T]he Mayd / His readie vvound with better ſalues new dreſt, / Daily ſhe dreſſed him, and did the beſt / His grieuous hurt to guariſh, that ſhe might, […]
    （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
  - Template:RQ:Stevenson Treasure Island
  - Template:RQ:Grey Riders of the Purple Sage
7. 使（某物）可用；准备；使适于用途
  - Template:RQ:Sylvester Du Bartas
  - 1611，The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version)，London： […] Robert Barker, […]，→OCLC，Exodus 30:7，第 1 列：
    And Aaron ſhall burne thereon [i.e., on the altar of incense] ſweet incenſe euery morning: when he dreſſeth the lamps he ſhal burn incenſe vpon it.
    （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
  - Template:RQ:Dryden Aeneis
  1. 处理、整备或鞣制（兽皮或皮革）
  3. (尤指矿石) 以破碎、筛分、加热等物理方式处理；选矿
    下位词：rag
    
    in mining and metallurgy, to dress ores by sorting and separating them
    在采矿和冶金中，通过分拣和分离来选矿
  5. 修整（材料）表面；整平（木材、石材、磨轮等）
    下位词：rag
  6. (历史或英格兰，区域用语) 以筛分、簸扬等方式去除（面粉、谷物等）的杂质
  7. (捕鱼) 制作或整理（钓鱼用）假饵以备绑于鱼钩
8. (农业，园艺) 耕作或照料（园地、土地、植物等）；尤指施肥、施粪
  - 1595December 9 (first known performance)，[William Shakespeare]，The Tragedie of King Richard the Second. […] (First Quarto)，London： […] Valentine Simmes for Androw Wise, […]，出版于 1597，→OCLC，[Act III, scene iv]：
    Gard[ener]. Oh what pitie is it that he had not ſo trimde, / And dreſt his land as vve this garden at time of yeare / Do vvound the barke, the skinne of our fruit trees, […] Queene. Oh I am preſt to death through vvant of ſpeaking / Thou old Adams likeneſſe ſet to dreſſe this garden, / How dares thy harſh rude tong ſound this vnpleaſing nevvs?
    （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
9. (屠宰) 切割（动物或其肉）以供食用
  下位词：dress out、field dress
  - December 2020，Tim Folger，“North America’s most valuable resource is at risk”，National Geographic Magazine‎^[1]：
    But as he dressed the carcass—cutting it up to bring home—Borg’s gratitude gave way to revulsion. When he tried to extract the liver, which should have been firm and meaty, it deliquesced into a bloody sludge, sliding goopily through his fingers.
    （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
10. (烹饪) 准备（食物），尤指调味；特指为（食物，尤指沙拉）加入调味汁、酱料（自15世纪起）
  - Template:RQ:Peele Old Wives Tale
  - Template:RQ:Shakespeare Taming of the Shrew
  - a. 1645，John Milton，“L’Allegro”，Poems of Mr. John Milton, […]，London： […] Ruth Raworth for Humphrey Mosely, […]，出版于 1646，→OCLC，第 34 页：
    Where Corydon and Thyrſis met, / Are at their ſavory dinner ſet / Of Hearbes, and other Country Meſſes, / Which the neat-handed Phillis dreſſes; […]
    （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
  - Template:RQ:Austen Pride and Prejudice
11. (电影，电视，戏剧)
  1. 为（戏剧或其他表演）设计、制作或准备戏服；亦指以特定服装风格呈现（作品）
  2. 安装道具、布景等以布置（舞台）
    - 2012，Marvin Silbersher，章号 22，A Fistful of Stars，[Bloomington, Ind.]：Xlibris，→ISBN，第 106 页：
      Mallory, all night long, single-handedly painted and dressed the set so that at eight o'clock Sunday morning when we arrived to make breakfast in the kitchen, there she was sound asleep on the davenport in the set, every prop in place.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
12. (军事) 使（士兵或部队）列队成形；尤指校正队形、对齐
  to dress the ranks
  给队伍排好队列
13. (北英格兰，古旧) 以特定方式对待（某人），尤指恰当地对待；引申为痛打（某人）；亦指痛骂、斥责
  - Template:RQ:Shakespeare Measure
14. (弃用) 训练、驯服（马匹或其他动物）以供使用
  - 1595December 9 (first known performance)，[William Shakespeare]，The Tragedie of King Richard the Second. […] (First Quarto)，London： […] Valentine Simmes for Androw Wise, […]，出版于 1597，→OCLC，[Act V, scene v]：
    Oh how it ernd my hart when I beheld, / In London ſtreetes, that Coronation day, / VVhen Bullingbroke rode on Roane Barbarie. / That horſe, that thou ſo often haſt beſtride. / That horſe, that I ſo carefully haue dreſt.
    （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
(反身，不及物，弃用) 准备自己；整装；预备（14-16世纪）
- [a. 1472，Thomas Malory，“Capitulum xviij”，[Le Morte Darthur]，book IV (语言：中古英语)，[London： […] by William Caxton]，出版于 31 July 1485，→OCLC，leaf 222, recto; 再版为 Le Morte Darthur […]，David Nutt, […]，1889，→OCLC，第 142 页，第 19–21 行：
  [S]yr Gawayns ſpere brak ⸝ but ſir marhaus ſpere helde ⸝ And therwith ſyre Gawayne and his hors ruſſhed doune to the erthe ⸝ And lyghtly ſyre Gawayne roſe on his feet ⸝ and pulled out his ſwerd ⸝ and dreſſyd hym toward syr Marhaus on foote ⸝ […]
  Sir Gawain's spear broke, but Sir Marhaus's [i.e., Morholt of Ireland's] spear held; and therewith Sir Gawain and his horse rushed down to the earth, and lightly Sir Gawain rose on his feet, and pulled out his sword, and dressed [prepared] himself toward Sir Marhaus on foot, […]]
(不及物)
1. 穿衣；着衣
  近义词：get dressed
  
  反义词：disrobe、get undressed、strip、undress
  
  I rose and dressed before daybreak. It’s very cold out. Dress warm.
  天还没亮我就起床穿好衣服了。外面很冷，注意保暖。
  1. (特指) （为特定场合）盛装；穿着正式、时尚；打扮得体
    They returned home early to dress for dinner.
    他们提前回家穿好盛装吃晚饭。
2. （指物）经处理后达到可用状态；经加工而成形
3. (委婉，主用于裁缝) 使阴茎在裤中自然偏向一侧（自20世纪起）
  While measuring him for his trousers, the tailor asked him if he dressed to the left or the right.
  裁缝在给他量裤子尺寸时，问他要偏左还是偏右。
4. (俚语) cross-dress的缩略形式
5. (屠宰)（指屠体）去除内脏与皮后具有某一定量或重量；亦指切割处理后呈现某种外观
6. (军事，有时作操练口令)（指士兵或部队）列队成形；尤指排成直列并保持适当间距
  Right, dress!
  向右看齐！
7. (运动)（指运动员）穿上比赛服并备妥装备
  Due to a left ankle sprain, the basketball player did not dress for the game against Indiana.
  由于左脚踝扭伤，这名篮球运动员没有参加对阵印第安纳的比赛。

变位

dress的变位

不定式	(to) dress
	现在时	过去式
第一人称单数	dress	dressed
第二人称单数	dress, dressest¹	dressed, dressedst¹
第三人称单数	dresses, dresseth¹	dressed
复数	dress

虚拟语气	dress

祈使语气	dress	—

分词	dressing	dressed

¹古旧或弃用。

衍生词

派生语汇

→ 苏里南汤加语：dresi

名词

dress (可数和不可数，复数 dresses)

(可数)
2. (服装) 连身裙；洋装
  近义词：frock
  
  Amy and Mary looked very pretty in their dresses.
  艾米和玛丽穿裙子看起来非常漂亮。
  - 1963，Margery Allingham，“Dangerous Lady”，The China Governess: A Mystery，London：Chatto & Windus，→OCLC，第 36 页：
    She looked cool in a grey tailored cotton dress with a terracotta scarf and shoes and her hair a black silk helmet.
    （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
3. (印度之外为古旧) 外衣；成套外衣（为特定场合或职业所穿，具装饰性，男女皆可穿）
  - Template:RQ:Goldsmith She Stoops to Conquer
  - Template:RQ:Ruskin Political Economy of Art
  1. (引申，印度) 衣服，服装
    He wore a bright orange dress to the office yesterday.
    他昨天穿着一件亮橙色的衣服去上班。
4. (电影，电视，戏剧) dress rehearsal的缩略形式
(不可数)
1. 服装；衣着（尤指适用于特定场合或职业者）
  military dress ― 军装
  
  He came to the party in formal dress.
  他身着正装出席了聚会。
  - Template:RQ:Shakespeare Antony and Cleopatra
  - Template:RQ:Spectator
  - Template:RQ:Dickens Nicholas Nickleby
  - 1963，Margery Allingham，“Justifiably Angry Young Man”，The China Governess: A Mystery，London：Chatto & Windus，→OCLC，第 82 页：
    Even in an era when individuality in dress is a cult, his clothes were noticeable. He was wearing a hard hat of the low round kind favoured by hunting men, and with it a black duffle-coat lined with white.
    （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
2. (古旧) 穿衣；打扮（尤指为特定场合或时尚目的）
3. (引申)
  1. （动物或物体的）外覆；外层（如鸟的羽毛）
    - Template:RQ:Darwin Descent of Man
  2. （指物）经处理后的外观；成品表面；加工后的仕样
  3. (比喻义) 外在呈现；外观；（为营造良好印象的）外在包装、外貌
  4. (古旧，历史) 磨石表面的槽纹系统
4. (弃用) 包扎或处理伤口的行为；亦指所施加的敷料

衍生词

派生语汇

→ 日语：ドレス (doresu)
→ 朝鲜语：드레스 (deureseu)
→ 挪威语： dress
→ 宾夕法尼亚德语：Dress
→ 苏格兰盖尔语：dreasa

参见

👗

参考资料

↑ “dressen, v.”在《MED Online》上的资料，Ann Arbor, Mich.:University of Michigan，2007。
↑ “dress, n.”，OED Online ⁠，Oxford, Oxfordshire：Oxford University Press，September 2021年; “dress, n.”，Lexico，Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press，2019–present年.

延伸阅读

dress在英语维基百科上的资料。维基百科 ^en
“dress”，The Century Dictionary […]，New York, N.Y.：The Century Co.，1911，OCLC 867766587
“dress”在《Merriam–Webster Online Dictionary》上的资料。
OneLook 在线词典 上有关 dress 的释义
“dress”，Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary，Springfield, Mass.：G. & C. Merriam，1913年，OCLC 800618302

书面挪威语

挪威语维基百科有一篇条目关于：

dress

Wikipedia ^no

词源1

借自英语 dress。

名词

dress 阳 (定指单数 dressen，不定复数 dresser，定指复数 dressene)

套装

词源2

动词

dress

dresse 的命令式

参考资料

“dress”在《书面挪威语词典》中的解释。

新挪威语

词源

源自英语 dress。

名词

dress 阳 (定单数 dressen，不定复数 dressar，定复数 dressane)

套装

派生词汇

参考资料

“dress”在《新挪威语词典》中的解释。

[1] “dressen, v.”在《MED Online》上的资料，Ann Arbor, Mich.:University of Michigan，2007。

[2] “dress, n.”，OED Online ⁠，Oxford, Oxfordshire：Oxford University Press，September 2021年; “dress, n.”，Lexico，Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press，2019–present年.

[1]

[2]

英语

词源

发音

动词

变位

衍生词

相关词

派生语汇

名词

衍生词

派生语汇

参见

参考资料

延伸阅读

书面挪威语

词源1

名词

词源2

动词

参考资料

新挪威语

词源

名词

派生词汇

参考资料