skulk

英语

词源

源自中古英语 skulke, skulken，源自北日耳曼语支，对比丹麦语 skulke (“逃避，偷懒”)、瑞典语 skolka (“偷懒”)。

发音

• 国际音标^(帮助)：/skʌlk/

• （英国南部）音频

  （文档）

• 韵部：-ʌlk

名词

skulk (复数 skulks)

1. 狐狸群
   • 1973, Thomas Pynchon, 章号 1, 出自 Gravity’s Rainbow‎^[2], Penguin, 出版于 2000，页号s 59–60:

     A skulk of foxes, a cowardice of curs are tonight’s traffic whispering in the yards and lanes.

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

   • 2007, Millard Kaufman, 章号 19, 出自 Bowl of Cherries‎^[3], San Francisco: McSweeney’s Books，页号 128:

     A skulk of fox padded daintily over a stream-slashed meadow, and a herd of deer like iron ornaments stood stock still in their winter pelage.

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

2. (比喻义) 一群狐狸一样狡猾，阴险的人
   • 1972, R. M. Koster, 章号 43, 出自 The Prince,‎^[4], New York: Morrow，页号 320:

     […] a skulk of priests flapped out of the Church of San Geronimo, and women kneeling at novena put away their beads […]

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

   • 1982, Richard Girling, “1160: Chivalry”, 出自 The Forest on the Hill‎^[5], New York: Viking，页号 69:

     The law was served by a skulk of informers, who traded their whispers to the royal foresters and woodwards, who gilded their tales for the verderers and regarders, who presented the guilty to the forest Justices.

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

   • 2000, John Banville, Eclipse‎^[6], New York: Knopf, 出版于 2001, Part 5, p. 190:

     […] they went on, down the road, staggering, and shouldering each other, like a skulk of Jacobean villains.

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

   • 2004, Micah L. Sifry, Nancy Watzman, 章号 24, 出自 Is That a Politician in Your Pocket?‎^[7], Hoboken, NJ: Wiley，页号s 200–201:

     Ten days after the attacks, a skulk of insurance executives met with President Bush and Commerce Secretary Donald Evans to press for the creation of a multibillion-dollar government safety net to limit their exposure to future terrorist incidents.

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

3. 动词的名词化形式
   1. 鬼鬼祟祟地走
      • 1857, Jacob S. C. Abbott, History of King Philip, Sovereign Chief of the Wampanoags‎^[8], New York: Harper, Chapter , p. 369:

        A part of their company, who had been sent out on a skulk, had not returned, and great anxiety was felt lest they had fallen into an ambush and been captured.

        （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

      • 1902, Frederic Remington, 章号 18, 出自 John Ermine of the Yellowstone‎^[9], New York: Macmillan，页号 246:

        There was only the danger that his horse might lame himself in the night; but then he could go back in the hills and make a skulk on foot.

        （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

      • 1922, Henry Williamson, “The Opening of the Flower”, 出自 Dandelion Days‎^[10], London: W. Collins，页号 120:

        Willie knew that the time was propitious for a skulk across Hall, thence into the class-room of Mr. Beach.

        （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

      • 2012, Katherine Boo, Behind the Beautiful Forevers‎^[11], New York: Random House, Prologue, p. xix:

        That gave him three or four more hours of darkness in which to plan an escape more sensible than a skulk to the hut next door.

        （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

   2. 潜行
      • 1987, Lloyd Alexander, 章号 5, 出自 The Illyrian Adventure‎^[12], New York: Dell，页号 32:

        His gait was something between a slouch and a skulk.

        （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

      • 2003, Toni Morrison, Love‎^[13], New York: Knopf，页号 109:

        Romen had developed a kind of strut to replace his former skulk.

        （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

   3. 逃避，规避 （责任等）
      • 1859, George Little, 章号 3, 出自 The American Cruiser’s Own Book‎^[14], Philadelphia: J.B. Smith，页号 36:

        [They took] good care […] to swing their hammocks as far abaft as possible, for the twofold purpose of having a skulk in their watch below at night, and to keep clear of the sprays, which usually pour down the gratings […]

        （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

      • 1867, James Greenwood, 章号 15, 出自 Humphrey Dyot‎^[15], 卷 1, London: Sampson Low, Son, and Marston，页号 224:

        “This nonsense won’t do for me, you know; if you want a skulk, you had better pack off back to the house.”

        （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

      • 1879, anonymous author, 章号 7, 出自 Convict Life; or, Revelations Concerning Convicts and Convict Prisons‎^[16], London: Wyman & Sons:

        Bidwell is not the only one who feigns paralysis; many poison their flesh by inserting in it copper-wire or worsted; others swallow ground glass, eat poisonous insects, swallow soap and soda, or slightly maim and disable themselves. Anything by which they can secure a skulk, and escape from what Mr. Carlyle has wisely called the “sacredness of work.”

        （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

4. (弃用，主要用于航海，军事) 逃避责任者

   近义词： shirk、shirker、skulker。

   • 1832, Frederick Marryat, 章号 16, 出自 Newton Forster; or, The Merchant Service‎^[17], 卷 1, London: James Cochrane，页号 238:

     “I shall do my duty, Mr. Jackson,” replied Newton, “and fear no consequences.”
     “Indeed! you saw how I settled a skulk just now;—beware of his fate!”

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

   • 1847, Herman Melville, 章号 4, 出自 Omoo‎^[18], New York: Harper，页号 32:

     Toward evening there was something to be done on deck, and the carpenter who belonged to the watch was missing. “Where’s that skulk, Chips?” shouted Jermin down the forecastle scuttle.

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

   • 1872, Sallie F. Chapin, 章号 7, 出自 Fitz-Hugh St. Clair, the South Carolina Rebel Boy‎^[19], Philadelphia: Claxton, Remsen & Haffelfinger，页号 75:

     If you should ever need help, my son, let this be your rule—‘never ask it from the man who deserted his country in her hour of need.’ The soldier’s child will find no mercy from a skulk, depend on it.

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

   • 1906, Henry E. Shepherd, Life of Robert Edward Lee‎^[20], New York: Neale, Part 3, p. 62:

     An exempt, a skulk, or one upon whom rested the faintest suspicion of evading duty or shrinking in the critical hour of impending battle, was the special object of his wrath.

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

动词

skulk (第三人称单数简单现在时 skulks，现在分词 skulking，一般过去时及过去分词 skulked)

1. 躲藏，潜伏

   近义词： hide

   • Template:RQ:Shakespeare Winter's Tale
   • Template:RQ:Dryden Virgil
   • Template:RQ:Wollstonecraft Vindication Women
   • Template:RQ:Dickens Bleak House
   • 1928, Radclyffe Hall, 章号 6, 出自 The Well of Loneliness, London: Jonathan Cape, →OCLC; 再版 New York, N.Y.: Covici Friede Publishers, October 1932, →OCLC, book 1, section 5，页号 60:

     Stephen's craze for physical culture increased, and now it began to invade the schoolroom. Dumb-bells appeared in the schoolroom bookcases, while half worn-out gym shoes skulked in the corners.

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

2. 潜行，鬼鬼祟祟地走

   近义词： sneak、steal

   • Template:RQ:Holinshed Chronicles
   • 1753, Samuel Richardson, The History of Sir Charles Grandison‎^[21], London, Volume 4, Letter 38, p. 266:

     He has been seen with her, by one whom he would not know, at Cuper’s Gardens; dressed like a Sea-officer, and skulking, like a thief, into the privatest walks of the place.

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

   • 1800, Friedrich Schiller, 译者 Samuel Taylor Coleridge, The Piccolomini, or The First Part of Wallenstein‎^[22], London: Longman and Rees, act V, scene 4，页号 196:

     Noble brother, I am
     Not one of those men who in words are valiant,
     And when it comes to action skulk away.

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

   • Template:RQ:Thackeray Pendennis
   • 1904, Paul Laurence Dunbar, “The Lynching of Jube Benson”, 出自 The Heart of Happy Hollow‎^[23], New York: Dodd, Mead，页号 233:

     Fully a dozen of the citizens had seen him hastening toward the woods and noted his skulking air [...]

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

   • Template:RQ:Smith White Teeth
3. 逃避，规避 （责任等）

   近义词： shirk

   • Template:RQ:Cowper Poems
   • 1933 1月 9, George Orwell [笔名；本名 Eric Arthur Blair], 章号 33, 出自 Down and Out in Paris and London, London: Victor Gollancz […], →OCLC:

     They are paid about three shillings a day for ten hours’ work—it is hard work, especially in windy weather, and there is no skulking, for an inspector comes round frequently to see that the men are on their beats.

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

用法说明

勿与sulk相混淆。