typhoon
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英语[编辑]
词源[编辑]
一般认为最终源自漢語族 大風／大风（官話 dàfēng，粵語 daai6 fung1）。
最早1588年出现在英语内[1]，可能经由葡萄牙語 tufão（至少可考于1560年）[2]源自阿拉伯語 طُوفَان (ṭūfān)（对比波斯語 طوفان (tufân)、印地語 तूफ़ान (tūfān)）。[3][4][5]
英语内，其词形受到了古希臘語 Τυφῶν (Tuphôn, “堤丰，象征风暴的妖魔巨人”)一词的影响。[6]（一些文献认为其起源于希腊语，经由阿拉伯语引入汉语，再回到欧洲，[3]但显然不现实）
发音[编辑]
名词[编辑]
typhoon（複數 typhoons）
衍生词汇[编辑]
派生語彙[编辑]
动词[编辑]
typhoon（第三人稱單數簡單現在時 typhoons，現在分詞 typhooning，一般過去時及過去分詞 typhooned）
参见[编辑]
参考资料[编辑]
- ↑ Thomas Hickock's translation of The voyage and trauell of M. Caesar Fredericke, Marchant of Venice, into the East India, and beyond the Indies: "concerning which Touffon ye are to vnderstand, that in the East Indies often times, there are not stormes as in other countreys; but euery 10. or 12. yeeres there are such tempests and stormes, that it is a thing incredible, but to those that haue seene it, neither do they know certainly what yeere they wil come." (“typhoon” in the Online Etymology Dictionary, Douglas Harper, 2001)
- ↑ Frederick Hirth, The word "Typhoon," its history and origin, in The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society (1880)，本文讨论了大致发音相似的该词的出现及其在汉语、阿拉伯语、波斯语、印地语和希腊语中的汉语（但不确定其派生自何语言），且记载了其出现在早期葡萄牙语内。
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 The Arabic Contributions to the English Language: An Historical Dictionary by Garland Hampton Cannon and Alan S. Kaye considers typhoon "a special case, transmitted by Cantonese, from Arabic, but ultimately deriving from Greek. [...] The Chinese applied the [Greek] concept to a rather different wind [...]"
- ↑ Andrew Delahunty, From Bonbon to Cha-cha: Oxford Dictionary of Foreign Words and Phrases
- ↑ Tai Whan Kim, The Portuguese Element in Japanese: A Critical Survey (1976): several points suggest that the Portuguese word came from the Arabic, not from Chinese tai-fung ...
- ↑ Template:R:Corriente:2008