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tarantula

维基词典，自由的多语言词典
参见：tarántula、tarântula 和 tarantulă

英语

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词源

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A tarantula (Brachypelma smithi; 义1)
Avicularia avicularia, sometimes called the pinktoe tarantula (义1)
Calisoga longitarsis, a type of funnel-web tarantula (family Nemesiidae) (义2).
A tarantula (Lycosa tarantula; 义3).

源自中世纪拉丁语 tarantula ← 古意大利语 tarantola ← 古意大利语 Taranto (“塔兰托”) ← 拉丁语 Tarentum ← 古希腊语 Τάρᾱς (Tárās) (对比现代希腊语 Τάραντας (Tárantas)，意大利语 Tarde (塔兰泰诺方言)),[1] 可能源自伊利里亚语 *darandos (“栎树”)。

义3 (“欧狼蛛，Lycosa tarantula”) 是本词的本义。[1]义1 (“捕鸟蛛”)是现在的主要用法，可能源自西班牙语 tarántula (“欧狼蛛”)。

发音

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名词

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tarantula (复数 tarantulas 或 tarantulae)

  1. 捕鸟蛛（Theraphosidae）
    近义词：bird spider、monkey spider、rain spider
    • 1857, John Askew, 章号 II, 出自 A Voyage to Australia & New Zealand, including a Visit to Adelaide, Melbourne, Sydney, Hunter’s River, Newcastle, Maitland, and Auckland; […], London: Simpkin, Marshall, & Co.; Cockermouth, Cumbria: D. Fidler, […], →OCLC，第 100 页:
      Cockroaches, centipedes, tarantulas, scorpions, and mosquitoes are abundant in summer. [...] Tarantulas and scorpions are little noticed by those who have been there any length of time.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 1873年5月3日, “The Tarantula—an Interesting Native of California”, 出自 Friends' Intelligencer, 第 XXX 卷, 第 10 期, Philadelphia, Pa.: John Comly, publishing agent, […]; Merrihew & Son, printers, […], 出版于 1873–1874, →OCLC，第 156 页，第 2 列:
      In the southern portions of the State we have met with specimens of brown tarantula weighing a full Troy ounce, but these were of unusual size. The wood tarantula is the largest of all, occasional specimens weighing an ounce and a half, inhabits dead wood, is very active on a warm day, is found of sunning himself, and is quite courageous, leaping on a large lizard, with a perfect recklessness of consequences. [From the Alta California.]
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 1910 November, C. L. Edholm, “A Queer Pet”, 出自 H[enry] H[aven] Windsor 编, Popular Mechanics Magazine, 第 14 卷, 第 5 期, Chicago, Ill.: Popular Mechanics Co., →ISSN, →OCLC，第 616 页，第 2 列:
      Visitors to Southern Arizona find the privacy of their homes invaded in a delightfully free and easy way by the original settlers of that region, namely the scorpions, centipedes, tarantulas, etc. [...]
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    • 2014, Bear Grylls, “Insects (and Other Creepy Crawlies)”, 出自 Extreme Food: What to Eat when Your Life Depends on It, London: Bantam Press, →ISBN; 再版 London: Corgi Books, Transworld Publishers, 2015, →ISBN, part 3 (The Whole Hog)，第 216–217 页s:
      The best tarantulas for cooking are the Thai Zebra variety (Haplopelma albostriatum). These are very common in Cambodia, Thailand and Malaysia, where they are a popular fast food (and one that children love to hunt for). You can go to a Cambodian market and buy live, defanged tarantulas by the dozen from huge wicker baskets, ready to take home and cook.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
  2. 〈引〉 原蛛亚目（Mygalomorphae）的蜘蛛
    • 1971, Wolfgang Bücherl, “Spiders”, 出自 Venomous Animals and Their Venoms, 第 III (Venomous Invertebrates) 卷, New York, N.Y., London: Academic Press, →ISBN, section IV (Description, Distribution, and Biology of Dangerous Species)，第 225 页:
      The small funnel-web tarantulas are sedentary but notable for their aggressiveness and the strong action of their venom on human beings. A. robustus and formidabilis have caused human deaths.
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    • 2009, “Glossary”, 出自 Spiders of India, Himayatnagar, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh: Universities Press (India), →ISBN，第 428 页:
      tergites: dorsal sclerites on the body; the hard plates on the abdomen of the atypical tarantulas that indicate segmentation
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    • 2016年3月29日, Josephine-De-France, “The Vicious”, 出自 And Then There Are Bitches, Bloomington, Ind.: AuthorHouse, →ISBN:
      The name "tarantula" is also mistakenly applied to other large-bodied spiders, and the "dwarf tarantulas". Both are classified in different families. Huntsman spiders of the family have also been termed "tarantulas" because of their large size.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
  3. 〈旧〉 塔兰图拉（欧狼蛛, Lycosa tarantula） （自16世纪中期）
    • 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], “An Heape of Other Accidents Causing Melancholy. Death of Friends, Losses, &c.”, 出自 The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd版, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 1, section 2, member 4, subsection 7，第 151 页:
      Many men catch this malady [i.e., melancholy] by [...] ſtinging with that kind of ſpider called Tarantula; [...] Their ſymptomes are merrily deſcribed by Iovianus Pontanus. Ant. dial. how they daunce alogether, and are cured by Muſick.
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    • 1996, Jonathan Kellerman, 章号 7, 出自 The Web (Alex Delaware; 10), New York, N.Y.: Bantam Books, →ISBN; 再版 London: Headline Publishing Group, 2008, →ISBN:
      I must confess they're my favorite. So bright. They quickly recognize individuals. And they respond to kindness. All tarantulae do. That's why your little Lycosa made such a good pet, Robin.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

派生词

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相关词汇

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参考资料

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 “tarantula, n.”，OED Online Paid subscription required⁠，Oxford, Oxfordshire：Oxford University Press，1910年; “tarantula, n.”，Lexico，Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press，2019–present年.

拓展阅读

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波兰语

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波兰语维基百科有一篇文章关于：
维基百科 pl

词源

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源自法语 tarentule ← 意大利语 tarantola，源自Taranto (“塔兰托，意大利南部城市”)，源自拉丁语 Tarentum ← 古希腊语 Τάρᾱς (Tárās) ← 伊利里亚语 *darandos (“栎树”)。

发音

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名词

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tarantula f

  1. 塔兰图拉，欧狼蛛 (Lycosa tarantula)

变格

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tarantula 的变格
单数 复数
主格 tarantula tarantule
属格 tarantuli tarantul
与格 tarantuli tarantulom
宾格 tarantulę tarantule
工具格 tarantulą tarantulami
方位格 tarantuli tarantulach
呼格 tarantulo tarantule

拓展阅读

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  • 参见tarantula 在 Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN 中的内容
  • 参见波兰语词典PWN上有关tarantula的内容

罗马尼亚语

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名词

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tarantula

  1. tarantulă 的定主格单数
  2. tarantulă 的定宾格单数
检索自“https://zh.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=tarantula&oldid=8784922”