tarantula
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英語[编辑]
詞源[编辑]
A tarantula (Brachypelma smithi; 義1)
Avicularia avicularia, sometimes called the pinktoe tarantula (義1)
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A tarantula (Lycosa tarantula; 義3).
源自中世紀拉丁語 tarantula ← 古意大利語 tarantola ← 古意大利語 Taranto (“塔蘭托”) ← 拉丁語 Tarentum ← 古希臘語 Τάρᾱς (Tárās) (對比現代希臘語 Τάραντας (Tárantas)，意大利語 Tarde (塔蘭泰諾方言)),[1] 可能源自伊利里亞語 *darandos (“櫟樹”)。
義3 (“歐狼蛛，Lycosa tarantula”) 是本詞的本義。[1]義1 (“捕鳥蛛”)是現在的主要用法，可能源自西班牙語 tarántula (“歐狼蛛”)。
發音[编辑]
名詞[编辑]
tarantula (複數 tarantulas 或 tarantulae)
- 捕鳥蛛（Theraphosidae）
- 1857，John Askew， chapter II，出自 A Voyage to Australia & New Zealand, including a Visit to Adelaide, Melbourne, Sydney, Hunter’s River, Newcastle, Maitland, and Auckland; […]，London:Simpkin, Marshall, & Co.; Cockermouth, Cumbria: D. Fidler, […], OCLC 68197220, 頁號100:
- Cockroaches, centipedes, tarantulas, scorpions, and mosquitoes are abundant in summer. [...] Tarantulas and scorpions are little noticed by those who have been there any length of time.
- （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 1873年5月3日，“The Tarantula—an Interesting Native of California”，出自 Friends' Intelligencer，卷號XXX，期號10，Philadelphia, Pa.:John Comly, publishing agent, […]; Merrihew & Son, printers, […]，出版年份1873–1874, OCLC 10359204, 頁號156, column 2:
- In the southern portions of the State we have met with specimens of brown tarantula weighing a full Troy ounce, but these were of unusual size. The wood tarantula is the largest of all, occasional specimens weighing an ounce and a half, inhabits dead wood, is very active on a warm day, is found of sunning himself, and is quite courageous, leaping on a large lizard, with a perfect recklessness of consequences. [From the Alta California.]
- （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 1910 November，C. L. Edholm，“A Queer Pet”，出自H[enry] H[aven] Windsor編， Popular Mechanics Magazine，卷號14，期號5，Chicago, Ill.:Popular Mechanics Co., ISSN 0032-4558, OCLC 506031407, 頁號616, column 2:
- Visitors to Southern Arizona find the privacy of their homes invaded in a delightfully free and easy way by the original settlers of that region, namely the scorpions, centipedes, tarantulas, etc. [...]
- （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 2014，Bear Grylls，“Insects (and Other Creepy Crawlies)”，出自 Extreme Food: What to Eat when Your Life Depends on It，London:Bantam Press, →ISBN; republished London:Corgi Books, Transworld Publishers，2015, →ISBN, part 3 (The Whole Hog), 頁號216–217:
- The best tarantulas for cooking are the Thai Zebra variety (Haplopelma albostriatum). These are very common in Cambodia, Thailand and Malaysia, where they are a popular fast food (and one that children love to hunt for). You can go to a Cambodian market and buy live, defanged tarantulas by the dozen from huge wicker baskets, ready to take home and cook.
- （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 〈引〉 原蛛亚目（Mygalomorphae）的蜘蛛
- 1971，Wolfgang Bücherl，“Spiders”，出自Wolfgang Bücherl and Eleanor E[vans] Buckley編， Venomous Animals and Their Venoms，卷號III (Venomous Invertebrates)，New York, N.Y.; London:Academic Press, →ISBN, section IV (Description, Distribution, and Biology of Dangerous Species), 頁號225:
- The small funnel-web tarantulas are sedentary but notable for their aggressiveness and the strong action of their venom on human beings. A. robustus and formidabilis have caused human deaths.
- （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 2016年3月29日，Josephine-De-France，“The Vicious”，出自 And Then There Are Bitches，Bloomington, Ind.:AuthorHouse, →ISBN:
- The name "tarantula" is also mistakenly applied to other large-bodied spiders, and the "dwarf tarantulas". Both are classified in different families. Huntsman spiders of the family have also been termed "tarantulas" because of their large size.
- （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 〈旧〉 塔蘭圖拉（歐狼蛛, Lycosa tarantula） [自16世紀中期]
- 1624，Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton]，“An Heape of Other Accidents Causing Melancholy. Death of Friends, Losses, &c.”，出自 The Anatomy of Melancholy: […]，2nd edition，Oxford, Oxfordshire:Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, OCLC 54573970, partition 1, section 2, member 4, subsection 7, 頁號151:
- Many men catch this malady [i.e., melancholy] by [...] ſtinging with that kind of ſpider called Tarantula; [...] Their ſymptomes are merrily deſcribed by Iovianus Pontanus. Ant. dial. how they daunce alogether, and are cured by Muſick.
- （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 1996，Jonathan Kellerman，章號7，出自 The Web (Alex Delaware; 10)，New York, N.Y.:Bantam Books, →ISBN; republished London:Headline Publishing Group，2008, →ISBN:
- I must confess they're my favorite. So bright. They quickly recognize individuals. And they respond to kindness. All tarantulae do. That's why your little Lycosa made such a good pet, Robin.
- （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
派生詞[编辑]
相關詞彙[编辑]
參考資料[编辑]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 “tarantula, n.”, OED Online
, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, 1910; “tarantula, n.”, Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.
拓展閱讀[编辑]
tarantula在英語維基百科上的資料。維基百科 en- tarantula (disambiguation)在英語維基百科上的資料。維基百科 en
- tarantula in The Century Dictionary, The Century Co., New York, 1911
- “tarantula” in the Dictionary.com Unabridged, v1.0.1, Lexico Publishing Group, 2006.
- OneLook 在线词典 上有关 tarantula 的释义
波蘭語[编辑]
詞源[编辑]
源自法語 tarentule ← 意大利語 tarantola，源自Taranto (“塔蘭托，意大利南部城市”)，源自拉丁語 Tarentum ← 古希臘語 Τάρᾱς (Tárās) ← 伊利里亞語 *darandos (“櫟樹”)。
發音[编辑]
名詞[编辑]
tarantula f
- 塔蘭圖拉，歐狼蛛 (Lycosa tarantula)
變格[编辑]
tarantula的變格
| 單數 | 複數 | |
|---|---|---|
| 主格 | tarantula | tarantule |
| 屬格 | tarantuli | tarantul |
| 與格 | tarantuli | tarantulom |
| 賓格 | tarantulę | tarantule |
| 工具格 | tarantulą | tarantulami |
| 方位格 | tarantuli | tarantulach |
| 呼格 | tarantulo | tarantule |
拓展閱讀[编辑]
- 參見tarantula 在 Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN 中的內容
- 參見波蘭語詞典PWN上有關tarantula的內容
羅馬尼亞語[编辑]
名詞[编辑]
tarantula