warlock

英语

其他形式

warluck (不常用，主要用于方言，多已弃用)
warlow (弃用)

词源

源自中古英語 warloghe、warlowe、warloȝe，源自古英語 wǣrloga (“叛徒，骗子”，字面意思是“条约撕毁者”)，源自原始西日耳曼語 *wārulogō (“骗子”)，等价于古英語 wǣr (“契约，条约，誓言”)（源自原始印歐語 *weh₁- (“真”)，亦派生出拉丁語 vērus） + loga (“骗子”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *lugô与古英语lēogan有关（→lie）。结尾的硬音-ck源自苏格兰语或北方英语，词义“男巫”亦如此（源自男巫违背自己的洗礼誓言背叛基督教与恶魔为伍的说法）。与古撒克遜語 wārlogo (“骗子，不忠诚的人”)同源。

一些作家的说法是^[1]其派生自古諾爾斯語 varðlokkur (“咒语”)，^[2]但《牛津英语词典》指出这个说法不可靠，因为这个古诺尔斯语词及其罕见，词义差距大，而且与古英语词源一致的不带硬音-k的词形出现得比带-k的早。^[3]且又没有出现带-ð-的词形。

发音

(標準英音) 國際音標^(幫助): /ˈwɔː.lɒk/
(通用美式) 國際音標^(幫助): /ˈwɔɹ.lɑk/
音頻 (美國)： (檔案)

名词

warlock (複數 warlocks)

男巫，巫师，术士
- 1730，Edward Burt，Letters from a Gentleman in the North of Scotland:
  He was himself a warlock, or wizard, which they knew by his taking the witch's part.
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 1902，John Buchan，The Outgoing of the Tide:
  It was the day of warlocks and apparitions, now happily driven out by the zeal of the General Assembly.
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
(特別用於奇幻) 魔术师，魔法师（任意性别）
- 2015年2月25日，Lawrence Watt-Evans，The Spell of the Black Dagger: A Legend of Ethshar，Wildside Press LLC, →ISBN，頁 115:
  “Is it because she was a warlock?” she asked. “I know different kinds of magic . . .” “No, that's not it, or at least . . .” Mereth paused, collecting her thoughts, then explained, “The warlockry doesn't help, Lady Sarai, […]”
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 2015年3月17日，Cassandra Clare, Robin Wasserman，The Lost Herondale，Simon and Schuster, →ISBN:
  It seemed like a strange thing for her to risk on a student she barely knew—but then, she was a warlock. Simon had no idea what they were capable of, but he was getting better at imagining.
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 2015年7月21日，Cassandra Clare, Robin Wasserman，Pale Kings and Princes，Simon and Schuster, →ISBN:
  Usually she blended in with the rest of the Academy faculty, making it easy to forget she was a warlock (at least, if you overlooked the blue skin). But he'd noticed that whenever another Downworlder was on campus, Catarina went out […]
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 2020年9月1日，Cassandra Clare, Wesley Chu，The Lost Book of the White，Simon and Schuster, →ISBN:
  “We're also looking for a couple of warlocks,” Magnus said. “A Korean woman and a green fellow with horns.” “Oh,” said Fang with a distinct change of mood. “Them.” “You've seen them?” Alec said, trying not to sound too eager.
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

用法说明

由于词源关系，男巫一般更倾向于使用witch等其他词。^[4]^[5]^[6]

参考资料

參考資料

↑ M. Loewe, C. Blacker, Oracles and Divination (1981), page 130: "'Vardlokkur'...is related to the Scots dialect word 'warlock', wizard, and the meaning is thought to relate to the power to shut in or enclose"
↑ Template:R:non:Cleasby-Vigfússon
↑ Oxford English Dictionary, (online) 2nd Edition (1989): "ON. varðlokkur wk. fem. pl. ... incantation, suggested already in Johnson, is too rare (? occurring once), with regard to the late appearance of the -k forms, to be considered."
↑ Nigel Pennick, Pagan Magic of the Northern Tradition (2015, ISBN 1620553902: "The northern English and Scots word warlock, meaning a cunning man or practitioner of spellcraft, is rarely used today except pejoratively. Because dictionaries have given it meanings such as “liar” and “deceiver,” the word has fallen from use."
↑ Carl McColman, The Complete Idiot's Guide to Paganism (2002, ISBN 002864266X, page 51: 'Words ike "wizard" or "magician" aren't used and especially not "warlock."'
↑ Hans Holzer, The New Pagans (1972), page 60: "Those who do not know about Wicca, especially the uninformed press, like to refer to a male follower of witchcraft as a warlock. While the term "warlock" is certainly a valid description of a person engaged in pagan rituals, it is never used in Wicca, or 'white' witchcraft."

异序词

lacwork

低地苏格兰语

其他形式

warlick、warlo、warluck、waurlock

词源

源自中古英語 warloghe、warlowe、warloȝe，源自古英語 wǣrloga (“叛徒，骗子”，字面意思是“条约撕毁者”)，源自wǣr (“契约，条约，誓言”)（←原始印歐語 *wēr- (“真”)，对比veritable） + loga (“骗子”)，源自原始日耳曼語 *lugô，与古英語 lēogan（→英語 lie）有关。

名词

warlock (複數 warlocks)

恶魔
1. 恶魔，宿敌
术士，巫师（被认为与恶魔为伍）
1. (偶爾) 女巫
2. (较广义) 魔术师，法师
  - He wis hissel a warlock or a wicht, whit thay kent by thit he teuk 'e witch's pairt.
    （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
(定語，用於組合) 魔法的，超自然的，邪恶的
(貶義) 老而丑的人；爱惹麻烦的人

近义词

(男巫)： juglour、sorcerar、varlet、weird
(女巫)： ell-woman、galdragon、gyre carline、hexie、sorceres、wancanny carlin、weird-woman、wise woman、wise wife、witch、witch-carline、witch-queen、witch-wife

衍生词汇

warlock-breef (“魔法护身符、超自然力量”)
warlockry (“巫术，魔法”)
warlokin

延伸阅读

“warlock” in the Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries.

[1] M. Loewe, C. Blacker, Oracles and Divination (1981), page 130: "'Vardlokkur'...is related to the Scots dialect word 'warlock', wizard, and the meaning is thought to relate to the power to shut in or enclose"

[2] Template:R:non:Cleasby-Vigfússon

[3] Oxford English Dictionary, (online) 2nd Edition (1989): "ON. varðlokkur wk. fem. pl. ... incantation, suggested already in Johnson, is too rare (? occurring once), with regard to the late appearance of the -k forms, to be considered."

[4] Nigel Pennick, Pagan Magic of the Northern Tradition (2015, ISBN 1620553902: "The northern English and Scots word warlock, meaning a cunning man or practitioner of spellcraft, is rarely used today except pejoratively. Because dictionaries have given it meanings such as “liar” and “deceiver,” the word has fallen from use."

[5] Carl McColman, The Complete Idiot's Guide to Paganism (2002, ISBN 002864266X, page 51: 'Words ike "wizard" or "magician" aren't used and especially not "warlock."'

[6] Hans Holzer, The New Pagans (1972), page 60: "Those who do not know about Wicca, especially the uninformed press, like to refer to a male follower of witchcraft as a warlock. While the term "warlock" is certainly a valid description of a person engaged in pagan rituals, it is never used in Wicca, or 'white' witchcraft."

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