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pope

維基詞典，自由的多語言詞典
參見：Pope 和 popé

英語

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英語維基百科有一篇文章關於：
Wikipedia en
庇護七世，羅馬主教，旁邊是紅衣主教卡普拉拉。教皇身披披肩。

替代形式

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發音

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  • 英語發音：pōp, 國際音標(幫助): /pəʊp/
  • (美國) 國際音標(幫助): /poʊp/
  • 音頻 (美國)：(檔案)
  • 韻部：-əʊp

詞源1

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源自中古英語 pope，popa，源自古英語 pāpa，源自通俗拉丁語 papa (牧師和主教的頭銜，到 8 世紀只有羅馬主教)，源自早期中古希臘語 παπᾶς (papâs，牧師和主教的頭銜，尤其是公元 3 世紀的亞歷山大主教)，源自後期 古希臘語 πάπας (pápas，牧師和主教的稱號，意為精神之父)，源自πάππας (páppas，“爸爸”)。

名詞

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pope (複數 popes)

  1. (羅馬天主教和常) 羅馬天主教羅馬主教的榮譽稱號，他是教會的神父和領袖，也是梵蒂岡城國的君主。
    上位詞：cleric
    • ante 950, translating Bede's Ecclesiastical History (Tanner), iv. i. 252
      Þa wæs in þa tid Uitalius papa þæs apostolican seðles aldorbiscop.
    • 1959 August 19, Flannery O'Connor, letter in Habit of Being (1980), 347
      The Pope is not going to issue a bull condemning the Spanish Church's support of France and destroy the Church's right to exist in Spain.
    • 2007 May 5, Ted Koppel (guest), Wait, Wait... Don’t tell me!, National Public Radio
      I really did want to interview the pope. Any pope. I'm not particular.
    1. (引申，現常反語) 任何類似“絕對正確”的權威。
      • 1689，G. Bulkeley，“People's Right to Election”, in Andros Tracts，出版於 1869, II. 106:
        We often say, that every man has a pope in his belly.
        我們常說，每個人的肚子裡都住著一位教宗。
      • 1893 January 19, Nation (N.Y.), 46/3
        Burne-Jones... accepted him [Dante Gabriel Rossetti] as the infallible Pope of Art.
      • 1972 June 2, Science, 966/2
        Both [discoveries] were rejected offhand by the popes of the field.
      • 1978，Atlas World Press Review，卷 25，頁 19:
        Above all, the SED reformers cite the progress inherent in the emancipation of Westem Communist parties from the "red popes in the Kremlin."
        最重要的是，德國統一社會黨的改革者指出，西方共產黨從克里姆林宮的"紅色教皇"手中解放出來，取得了內在的進步。
    2. (引申) 任何類似的宗教領袖。
      • 大約1400, John Mandeville, Travels (Titus C.xvi, 1919), 205
        In þat yle dwelleth the Pope of hire lawe, þat þei clepen lobassy.
      • 1787，Vincent Mignot，譯者 A. Hawkins, The history of the Turkish, or Ottoman Empire, section IV:
        Mufti, the Mahometan pope or chief of the religion.
        穆夫提，伊斯蘭教的教宗或宗教領袖。
      • 2005 April 6, Kansas City Star, b7
        Although Islam has no formal hierarchy of clergy, Tantawy [Egypt's grand imam] often is called the Muslim pope.
    3. (不常見) 神權統治者，祭司國王，包括（起初特別）祭司約翰的虛構土地或（現在）在比喻和頭韻用法中。
    4. (英國) 英國傳統上在蓋伊福克斯日及其他時間焚燒教皇的肖像。
      • 1830，Alexander Pope，The Poetical Works of Alexander Pope，頁 xxi:
        This is the only piece in which the author has given a hint of his religion, by ridiculing the ceremony of burning the pope, and by mentioning with some indignation the inscription […]
        這是作者唯一暗示其宗教信仰的作品，他嘲笑焚燒教皇的儀式，並憤慨地提到了銘文[…]
      • 2005，Gary S. De Krey，London and the Restoration, 1659–1683, →ISBN，頁 182:
        As York's succession was challenged by burning the pope, the Duke of Monmouth was again heralded in the city as a Protestant alternative.
        由於約克的繼承權因焚燒教皇而受到挑戰，蒙茅斯公爵再次在該城被譽為新教徒的替代者。
    5. (美國，棄用) 教宗日，即現在的蓋伊福克斯日。
  2. (科普特正教) 亞歷山大科普特主教作為其教會之父和領袖的榮譽稱號。
  3. (東正教) 亞歷山大東正教主教作為其獨立教會的神父和領袖的榮譽稱號。
  4. (基督教，歷史，棄用) 早期基督教會的任何主教。
    • 1563, 2nd Tome Homelyes, sig. Hh.i
      All notable Bishops were then called popes.
    • 1703，U. Chevreau，Hist. World, III. v. 379:
      All Bishops in that time had the Stile of Pope given them, as now we call every one of them, My Lord.
      當時所有的主教都被授予教宗的稱號，現在我們稱呼他們每一位「大人」。
  6. (英國) 梅花鱸，一種小型歐亞淡水魚（Gymnocephalus cernua）；同屬的其他物種。
    • 1792，William Augustus Osbaldiston，The British Sportsman, Or, Nobleman, Gentleman and Farmer's Dictionary of Recreation and Amusement，頁 176:
      Byfleet-river, wherein are very large pikes, jack, and tench ; perch, of eighteen inches long ; good carp, large flounders, bream, roach, dace, gudgeons, popes, large chub, and eels.
      弗利特河畔，有非常大的梭子魚、傑克魚和丁鯛；鱸魚，長十八吋；優質鯉魚、大比目魚、鯿魚、擬鯉、雅羅魚、鮈魚、梅花鱸、大鰱魚和鰻魚。
    • 1862，Francis T. Buckland，Curiosities of Natural History，頁 230:
      It resembles the perch (unfortunately for itself) in having a very long and prickly fin on its back, advantage of which is taken by the boys about Windsor, who are very fond of 'plugging a pope.' This operation consists in fixing a bung in the sharp spines on the poor pope's back fin, and then throwing him into the water.
      它與鱸魚很相似（對它自己是不幸的），背上有一個很長且多刺的鰭，溫莎周圍的男孩們就利用了這一點，他們非常喜歡“堵住梅花鱸”。這行動包括將塞子塞進可憐的梅花鱸背鰭上的尖刺中，然後將他扔進水中。
    • 1865年1月14日，Astley H. Baldwin，“Small Fry”, in Once a Week，頁 105:
      Popes are caught whilst gudgeon-fishing with the red worm, but they are sometimes a great nuisance to the perch-fisher, as they take the minnow.
      在用紅蟲釣魚時可以捕獲梅花鱸，但它們有時會給鱸魚捕撈者帶來很大的麻煩，因為它們會吃掉小魚。
  7. (英國區域用語，坎伯蘭，康沃爾，德文郡，蘇格蘭) 大西洋海鸚（Fratercula arctica）。
    • 1759，“Linnæus's Systema Naturæ”, in The Gentleman's Magazine，頁 456:
      Alca genus; 6 species, including the razorbill, the penguin, the pope, and others.
      Alca 屬；6 個物種，包括刀嘴海雀、企鵝、大西洋海鸚和其他物種。
    • 1773，John Hill，“Alca”, in A General Natural History，卷 3，頁 442:
      The Pope: This is a very singular bird; it is about the size of our widgeon, or somewhat larger, but is not quite so large as the duck: the head is large and rounded; the eyes are small, and stand forward on the head, and lower down than in the generality of birds [...]
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1822，George Woodley，A view of the present state of the Scilly Islands，頁s 264–5:
      "About a hundred yards further North" says Troutbeck, "is a 'subterraneous' cavern called the Pope's Hole, about fifty fathoms under the ground, into which the sea flows, so called from a sort of bird which roosts in it by night, about ninety feet high above the level of the water."!! [...] It derives its name from its being a place of shelter to some puffins, vulgo "popes".
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1864，Charles Issac Elton，Norway: The Road and the Fell，頁 94:
      The Norsemen catch great numbers of these popes, parrots, or lunder, as they are variously named, and train dogs to go into the holes where the puffin has its nest, lying in it with feet in the air.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1874，J. Van Voorst，Zoologist: A Monthly Journal of Natural History，頁 3904:
      I was informed by a fisherman that there were now hundreds of gannets in the channel off Plymouth, and that he had also met with some puffins (which he called "popes")
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
  8. (美國區域用語) 丽彩鹀（Passerina ciris）
    • 1771，M. Bossu，Travels Through that Part of North America Formerly Called Louisiana，卷 1，頁 371:
      The Pope is of a bright blue round the head; on the throat it is of a fine red, and on the back of a gold green colour, it sings very finely and is the size of a canary bird.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1806，Berquin-Duvallon，Travels in Louisiana and the Floridas, in the Year, 1802: Giving a Correct Picture of Those Countries，頁 122:
      The birds [of Louisiana] are the partridge, cardinal and pope, and a species of mocking bird, called the nightingale.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1821，Édouard de Montulé，A Voyage to North America, and the West Indies in 1817，頁 54:
      [...] some others, such as the crow, the heron, and the wild goose, which are found in Europe, I also observed ; but the most beautiful are the pope bird, whose head seems bound with the most bright azure blue, and the cardinal, being entirely of dazzling scarlet [...]
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
  9. (罕用) 紅冕紅蠟嘴鹀（Paroaria dominicana）
    • 1864年8月6日，The Journal of Horticulture, Cottage Gardener, and Country Gentleman，頁 100:
      From the sketch of the bird which you have sent us, there is no doubt about its being the Pope Grosbeak, which is a species of the Cardinal, but not the crested one.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1883，William Thomas Greene，The amateur's aviary of foreign birds: or, How to keep and breed foreign birds，頁 96:
      The Pope is a native of Brazil, and the female (it is altogether incongrouous to think of a lady pontiff) exactly resembles her mate.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1895，A. A. Thom，“Dominican cardinals”, in The Avicultural Magazine，頁 128:
      SIR,—I should be glad to learn how to treat Pope birds (Crestless Cardinals) when nesting.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1898，The Avicultural Magazine，卷 4，頁 87:
      Besides the Bicheno's Finches in this Class, the judge disqualified, in other Classes, a pair of Magpie Mannikins and a pair of Popes. These entries were presumably all disqualified on the ground that they were not true pairs: they are all birds in which the outward differences between the sexes (if there be any outward difference at all) are of an extremely slight and uncertain nature.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1956，Foreign birds for cage and aviary，卷 4，頁 20:
      The wisest plan is always to keep the Pope Cardinal in an aviary, and to have only one pair to each aviary.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
用法說明
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在英語用法中，這個術語最初通常是指羅馬主教，儘管這個埃及頭銜實際上更為古老。在科普特教會內，亞歷山大牧首通常被稱為教皇~;在東正教內部，其獨特的亞歷山大牧首正式被稱為“亞歷山大教皇”，但通常僅在禮拜儀式和官方文件中才這樣稱呼。

近義詞
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並列詞
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衍生詞
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派生語彙
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  • 牙買加克里奧爾語: puop
  • 托克皮辛語: pop
  • → 印地語: पोप (pop)
  • → 烏爾都語: پوپ (pop)

動詞

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pope (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 popes，現在分詞 poping，一般過去時及過去分詞 poped)

  1. (不及物或跟'it') 充當或像教皇一樣。
    • 1537, T. Cromwell in R. B. Merriman, Life & Lett. Cromwell (1902), II. 89
      Paul popith Jolyly, that woll desire the worlde to pray for the kinges apeyrement.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1624，R. Montagu，Gagg for New Gospell?, xiii. 95:
      Vrban the eight, that now Popeth it.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1966 February, Duckett's Reg., 14/2
      He would pope it in his own way, God guiding him.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1989 September 24, Los Angeles Times, iii. 22/1
      I saw where the Pope poped and where the pigeons flocked. Pretty interesting if you're Catholic and like pigeons.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
  2. (不及物，口語) 皈依羅馬天主教。
    • 大約1916, in Evelyn Waugh's Life R. Knox (1959), ii. i. 142
      I'm not going to ‘Pope’ until after the war (if I'm alive).
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1990 October 7, Sunday Telegraph, 26/5
      A prominent Anglican priest had, to use the term generally employed on these occasions, ‘Poped’—that is, left the Church of England in order to become a Roman Catholic.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

詞源2

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與 bishop (“熱紅酒和香料酒”)類似。

名詞

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pope (複數 popes)

  1. (酒) 任何被認為與主教酒相似且更勝一籌的熱紅酒（傳統上包括託卡伊酒）。

詞源3

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源自俄語 поп (pop)，源自古教會斯拉夫語 попъ (popŭ)，源自 中古希臘語 παπᾶς (papâs) 如上所述。

名詞

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pope (複數 popes)

  1. (俄羅斯東正教) pop的另一種寫法，一名俄羅斯東正教牧師。
    • 1662，A. Olearius，譯者 J. Davies, Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors, section 139:
      The other Ecclesiastical Orders are distinguish'd into Proto-popes, Popes, (or Priests) and Deacons.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1756，Compend. Authentic & Entertaining Voy., V. 202:
      Every priest is called pope, which implies father.
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
    • 1996 September 20, Daily Telegraph, 25/5
      In the non-Roman rites diocesan priests are often referred to as popes.

詞源4

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源自擬聲詞。

名詞

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pope (複數 popes)

  1. (美國，方言，棄用) 三聲夜鷹（Antrostomus vociferus，同義詞Caprimulgus vociferus）。
    • 1781，S. Peters，Gen. Hist. Connecticut, section 257:
      The Whipperwill has so named itself by its nocturnal songs. It is also called the pope, by reason of its darting with great swiftness, from the clouds almost to the ground, and bawling out Pope!
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
  2. (美國，方言，罕用) 夜鷹（Chordeiles minor）。
    • 1956，Massachusetts Audubon Soc. Bull., 40 81:
      Common Nighthawk... Pope (Conn[ecticut]. From the sound made by its wings while dropping through the air).
      （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

參考資料

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  • OneLook 在线词典 上有关 pope 的释义

異序詞

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法語

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發音

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形容詞

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pope

  1. pop 的陰性單數

海地克里奧爾語

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詞源

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源自法語 poupée。

發音

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名詞

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pope

  1. 娃娃

意大利語

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詞源

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借自俄語 поп (pop) 和 塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語 по̏п/pȍp (“牧師”)。

發音

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發音

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pope m (複數 popi)

  1. 希臘東正教教堂的牧師

擴展閱讀

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  • pope 在Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

中古英語

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替代形式

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詞源

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源自古英語 pāpa，源自通俗拉丁語 papa。

發音

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名詞

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pope (复数 popes)

  1. 教宗（羅馬天主教羅馬主教）。
  2. (罕用) 另一位精神領袖或領袖。

相關詞

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派生語彙

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參考資料

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葡萄牙語

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發音

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  • 斷字：po‧pe

名詞

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pope m (複數 popes)

  1. (俄羅斯東正教) 教宗（一位俄羅斯東正教牧師）

西班牙語

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發音

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名詞

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pope m (複數 popes)

  1. (俄羅斯東正教) 教宗（一位俄羅斯東正教牧師）

擴展閱讀

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来自“https://zh.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=pope&oldid=9191440”