responsibility

英語

詞源

來自responsible +‎ -ity。雖然該詞的組成部分源自法語，但這個複合詞似乎是在英語中形成的。較晚出現的法語 responsabilité是仿照英語詞彙而成的，而意大利語 responsabilità則又仿照了法語的寫法。

發音

• (標準英音) 國際音標^(幫助): /ɹɪˌspɒn.səˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/, 英語發音：rĭ-spŏn'sə-bĭlʹĭ-tē
• (通用美式，加拿大方言) 國際音標^(幫助): /ɹɪˌspɑn.səˈbɪl.ə.ti/, [ɹɪˌspɑn.səˈbɪl.ə.ɾi]

• 音頻 (美國)：

  (檔案)

• (加拿大，美國部分方言) 國際音標^(幫助): /ɹɪˌspɒn.səˈbɪl.ə.ti/, [ɹɪˌspɒn.səˈbɪl.ə.ɾi]
• (澳大利亞) 國際音標^(幫助): /ɹɪˌspɔn.səˈbɪl.ə.ti/, [ɹɪˌspɔn.səˈbɪl.ə.ɾi]
• (新西蘭) 國際音標^(幫助): /ɹəˌspɒn.səˈbəl.ə.ti/, [ɹəˌspɔ̟n.səˈbəl.ə.ɾi]

名詞

responsibility (可數和不可數，複數 responsibilities)

1. 責任 [自18世纪]

   Responsibility is a heavy burden.

   责任是一项沉重的负担。

2. 承擔、應對責任
   • 1960 December，「Talking of Trains: The riding of B.R. coaches」，收錄於 Trains Illustrated，705–706頁：

     After all, it is undeniable that the B.R. standard coach scored highly in comparative trials with other European railway vehicles on the Continent a few years ago, so that B.R. civil engineers must share responsibility for any defects in its behaviour over here.

     毕竟，不可否认的是，几年前，BR 标准客车在欧洲大陆与其他欧洲铁路车辆的对比试验中获得了很高的分数，因此，BR 的土木工程师必须对其在这里的表现中的任何缺陷承担责任。

   • 2020 March，Joshua Leifer，「Led Astray」，收錄於 The Baffler‎^[1]，50期：

     The vast majority of American Jews not only greatly dislike President Trump but also believe he has made them less safe: according to a May 2019 poll, nearly three-quarters of Jewish voters believe American Jews are less secure under Trump than they were before, 71 percent disapprove of Trump’s overall job performance, and nearly 60 percent believe that he bears at least some responsibility for the synagogue shootings carried out by white nationalists in Pittsburgh and Poway.

     绝大多数美国犹太人不仅非常不喜欢特朗普总统，而且认为他让他们更不安全：根据2019年5月的一项民意调查，近四分之三的犹太选民认为，在特朗普的领导下，美国犹太人的安全感不如以前，71%的人不认可特朗普的整体工作表现，近60%的人认为，他对白人至上主义者在匹兹堡和波威的犹太教堂枪击案至少负有部分责任。

3. 某人須為其承擔責任的義務

   Why didn't you clean the house? That was your responsibility!

   你为什么不打扫房子？那是你的责任！

   • April 12 1945，Harry S. Truman，Address before a Joint Session of the Congress：

     The responsibility of the great states is to serve and not to dominate the world

     大国的责任是服务世界，而不是主宰世界

   • 1961年 5月9日，Newton N. Minow，Television and the Public Interest：

     If parents, teachers, and ministers conducted their responsibilities by following the ratings, children would have a steady diet of ice cream, school holidays, and no Sunday school.

     如果家长、教师和牧师按照评级标准履行职责，孩子们就会一直吃冰淇淋，放假，不用上主日学。

同義詞

• responsibleness (可能被視為非標準)

衍生詞

• age of criminal responsibility
• chain-of-responsibility pattern
• command responsibility
• co-responsibility
• corporate social responsibility
• diminished responsibility
• interresponsibility
• irresponsibility
• nonresponsibility
• single responsibility principle
• social responsibility
• take responsibility

相關詞

• 參見respond

參見

• accountability

來源

• OneLook 在线词典 上有关 responsibility 的释义
• Template:R:Keywords 21st
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “responsibility”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
• “responsibility”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• James A. H. Murray et al.（編） （1884–1928），「Responsibility」，收錄於 A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles（Oxford English Dictionary），VIII, Part 1 (Q–R)卷，London：Clarendon Press，→OCLC，542頁，第2列。
• Feltus, C.; Petit, M. (2009). "Building a Responsibility Model Including Accountability, Capability and Commitment", Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ( IEEE ), Fukuoka, 2009. Building a Responsibility Model Including Accountability, Capability and Commitment