casualty

英語

其他寫法

• casuality (棄用)

詞源

來自casual，來自中古法語 casuel，來自中世紀拉丁語 casualitas和晚期拉丁語 cāsuālis (“偶然發生”)，來自拉丁語 cāsus (“事件”)（英語case），來自cadere (“落下”)。原意為「突發事件」（對照casual，即「偶遇」），這個詞逐漸衍生出「不幸事件」的負面含義，尤其是指某人的離世。

發音

• (英國) 國際音標^(幫助): /ˈkaʒʊ.əlti/, /ˈkaʒʊlti/, /ˈkaʒəlti/
• (美國) 國際音標^(幫助): /ˈkæʒu.əlti/, /ˈkæʒəlti/

  • 音頻 (美國)：

    (檔案)

• 斷字：cas‧u‧al‧ty

名詞

casualty (可數和不可數，複數 casualties)

1. 嚴重的意外，不幸事件
   • 1756, Samuel Johnson, “The Life of Sir Thomas Browne” in Thomas Browne, Christian Morals, 2nd edition, London: J. Payne, p. xx,^[1]

     The course of his education was like that of others, such as put him little in the way of extraordinary casualties.

2. 傷者，死者
3. (不推薦使用) 受害者；死亡案例
4. (軍事) 因各種原因而無法履行軍職的軍人
5. (英國) casualty department (“醫院急診室”) 的截斷形式

   近義詞：A&E, accident and emergency; (美國) emergency department, emergency room

6. 附帶款項或費用
7. 因某項決定、事件、情況而受到不利影響的人或事物
   • 1962 December, “Beyond the Channel: Switzerland: Federal aid for three minor lines”, in Modern Railways, page 418:

     Among recent casualties is the S.B.B.'s branch from Nyon to Divonne-les-Bains, just across the French frontier, closed to all traffic at the commencement of the winter service.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • 2012 March 4, Alice Rawsthorn, “Farewell, Pocket Calculator?”, in The New York Times‎^[2]:

     Today, the pocket calculator is a dying product, a casualty of digitization, which has been relegated to the role of a graphic icon on phone and computer screens rather than an object in its own right, but back in the early 1970s, it was at the forefront of consumer technology.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

8. (棄用) 偶然性，隨機性
   • 1624，Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton]，The Anatomy of Melancholy: […]，2nd版，Oxford, Oxfordshire：Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps，→OCLC：
     , NYRB 2001, vol.1, p.327-8:

     The non-necessary [causes] follow; of which, saith Fuchsius, no art can be made, by reason of their uncertainty, casualty, and multitude […]

使用說明

「casualty」一詞有時用來指「死亡的人」；若要更精確地使用，則應稱之為「fatality」，而「casualty」則指「死亡或受傷的人」。

同義詞

• (意外)： fortune、luck；參見Thesaurus:luck
• (醫院急診室)：
  • emergency / emergency room / emergency department / emergency ward / E. R./E.R./ER
  • casualty department / casualty ward
  • accident and emergency / A&E

下位語

• fatality

衍生詞

• CASEVAC
• casualty department
• casualty event
• casualty insurance
• casualty notification
• casualty of superiority
• casualty ward
• simulated casualty

相關詞

• casual

來源

• “casualty”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.