पितृ

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit पितृ (pitṛ). Doublet of पिता (pitā).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /pɪt̪ɾ/

Noun

पितृ • (pitŕ) m (Urdu spelling پتر)

1. father

   Coordinate term: मातृ (mātŕ)

2. paternal ancestor

Declension

Declension of पितृ (masc r-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	पितृ pitŕ	पितृ pitŕ
oblique	पितृ pitŕ	पितृओं pitŕõ
vocative	पितृ pitŕ	पितृओ pitŕo

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• পিতৃ (Assamese script)
• ᬧᬶᬢᬺ (Balinese script)
• পিতৃ (Bengali script)
• 𑰢𑰰𑰝𑰴 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀧𑀺𑀢𑀾 (Brahmi script)
• ပိတၖ (Burmese script)
• પિતૃ (Gujarati script)
• ਪਿਤ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌪𑌿𑌤𑍃 (Grantha script)
• ꦥꦶꦠꦽ (Javanese script)
• 𑂣𑂱𑂞𑃂 (Kaithi script)
• ಪಿತೃ (Kannada script)
• បិត្ឫ (Khmer script)
• ປິຕ຺ຣິ (Lao script)
• പിതൃ (Malayalam script)
• ᢒᡳᢠᡵᡳ (Manchu script)
• 𑘢𑘱𑘝𑘵 (Modi script)
• ᢒᠢᢐᠷᠢ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧂𑧒𑦽𑧖 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐥𑐶𑐟𑐺 (Newa script)
• ପିତୃ (Odia script)
• ꢦꢶꢡꢺ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆥𑆴𑆠𑆸 (Sharada script)
• 𑖢𑖰𑖝𑖴 (Siddham script)
• පිතෘ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩰𑩑𑩫𑩙 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚞𑚮𑚙 (Takri script)
• பித்ரி (Tamil script)
• పితృ (Telugu script)
• ปิตฺฤ (Thai script)
• པི་ཏྲྀ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒣𑒱𑒞𑒵 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨞𑨁𑨙𑨼𑨉 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *pHtā́ (“father”), from Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr (“father”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬞𐬌𐬙𐬀𐬭 (pitar), Latin pater, Ancient Greek πᾰτήρ (patḗr), Old Armenian հայր (hayr), Old Persian 𐎱𐎡𐎫𐎠 (p-i-t-a /⁠pitā⁠/) (whence Persian پدر (pedar)), Old English fæder (whence English father).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /pi.tŕ̩/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈpi.t̪r̩/

Noun

पितृ • (pitṛ́) stem, m

1. a father

   Synonyms: जनक (janaká), तत (tatá)

   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 7.55.5:

     सस्तु माता सस्तु पिता सस्तु श्वा सस्तु विश्पतिः ।
     ससन्तु सर्वे ज्ञातयः सस्त्वयमभितो जनः ॥

     sastu mātā sastu pitā sastu śvā sastu viśpatiḥ .
     sasantu sarve jñātayaḥ sastvayamabhito janaḥ .

     May the mother sleep, may the father sleep, may the dog and the village chief sleep.
     Let all the kinsmen and all the people who are round about sleep.

2. paternal ancestor; forefather

Declension

Masculine ṛ-stem declension of पितृ (pitṛ́)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	पिता pitā́	पितरौ / पितरा¹ pitárau / pitárā¹	पितरः pitáraḥ
Vocative	पितः pítaḥ	पितरौ / पितरा¹ pítarau / pítarā¹	पितरः pítaraḥ
Accusative	पितरम् pitáram	पितरौ / पितरा¹ pitárau / pitárā¹	पितॄन् / पितरः pitṝ́n / pitaraḥ
Instrumental	पित्रा pitrā́	पितृभ्याम् pitṛ́bhyām	पितृभिः pitṛ́bhiḥ
Dative	पित्रे pitré	पितृभ्याम् pitṛ́bhyām	पितृभ्यः pitṛ́bhyaḥ
Ablative	पितुः pitúḥ	पितृभ्याम् pitṛ́bhyām	पितृभ्यः pitṛ́bhyaḥ
Genitive	पितुः pitúḥ	पित्रोः pitróḥ	पितॄणाम् pitṝṇā́m
Locative	पितरि pitári	पित्रोः pitróḥ	पितृषु pitṛ́ṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

• the nom. pl. is used also as acc. pl. in the epics

Derived terms

• पितृष्वसृ (pitṛṣvasṛ)
• पितुःष्वसृ (pituḥṣvasṛ)

Descendants

• Helu Prakrit:
  • Sinhalese: පියා (piyā)
• Magadhi Prakrit:
  • Odia: ପିଅର (piôrô)
• Paisaci Prakrit:
  • Punjabi: ਪਿੱਤਰ (pittar)
• Pali: pitar

Borrowed terms

• → Bengali: পিতা (pita)
• → Gujarati: પિતા (pitā)
• → Hindi: पिता (pitā), पितृ (pitŕ)
• → Nepali: पिता (pitā)
• → Punjabi: ਪਿਤਾ (pitā)
• → Old Javanese: pitā
  • > Javanese: ꦥꦶꦠ (pita) (inherited)
• → Tamil: பிதா (pitā)
• → Telugu: పిత (pita), పితృలు (pitr̥lu)
• → Thai: ปิตฤ, ปิตร (bpìt-dtrà-)
• → Urdu: پتا پتر

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “पितृ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 626, column 2.