wretched

英語[編輯]

詞源[編輯]

源自中古英語 wrecched (「經歷悲慘的；可悲的，不幸的，不高興的；貧困的；低賤的；可憐的人」) [以及其他形式]^[1]，源自wrecche (「經歷悲慘的；可悲的，不幸的，不高興的；貧困的；低賤的；可鄙的，惡劣的，邪惡的；小氣的；無足輕重的」)^[2]（源自晚期古英語 wrecc，源自古英語 wreċċa (「被驅逐者」)，最終源自原始印歐語 *wreg- (「跟；獵」)） + -ed (構成形容詞的後綴)。^[3] 英語詞可作wretch (已棄用形容詞，與本詞同義) +‎ -ed (構成形容詞的後綴)分析。^[4]

發音[編輯]

(標準英音) 國際音標^(幫助)：/ˈɹɛt͡ʃɪd/
(通用美式) 國際音標^(幫助)：/ˈɹɛt͡ʃəd/
（通用美式）音頻（文檔）
斷字：wretch‧ed

形容詞[編輯]

wretched (比較級 wretcheder 或 more wretched，最高級 wretchedest 或 most wretched)

悲慘的，可悲的，不幸的
近義詞： dejected、(古舊或棄用) wretchful；亦參見Thesaurus:lamentable, Thesaurus:sad

I felt wretched after my wife died.
我妻子死了以後我痛不欲生。
- Template:RQ:Whetstone Rocke of Regard
- Template:RQ:Shakespeare As You Like It
- Template:RQ:Beaumont Fletcher Comedies and Tragedies
- Template:RQ:Thomson Autumn
- Template:RQ:Radcliffe Udolpho
- Template:RQ:Southey Joan of Arc
- Template:RQ:Gorky Shirazi Creatures
- 2011 4月 11, Phil McNulty, 「Liverpool 3 – 0 Man City」, 出自 BBC Sport‎^[1]，2023-01-27歸檔自原頁面:
  Mario Balotelli replaced [Carlos] Tevez but his contribution was so negligible that he suffered the indignity of being substituted himself as time ran out, a development that encapsulated a wretched 90 minutes for City and boss Roberto Mancini。
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
低賤的，卑微的
The street was full of wretched beggars dressed in rags.
整條街都是衣衫襤褸的低賤乞丐。
無足輕重的，微不足道的
近義詞： trifling；亦參見Thesaurus:insignificant
- 1922 February, James Joyce, 「[Episode 16: Eumaeus]」, 出自 Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC, part III [Nostos]，頁號 598:
  All those wretched quarrels, in his humble opinion, stirring up bad blood – bump of combativeness or gland of some kind, erroneously supposed to be about a punctilio of honour and a flag, – were very largely a question of the money question which was at the back of everything, greed and jealousy, people never knowing when to stop.
  （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
可鄙的，邪惡的，惡劣的
近義詞：參見Thesaurus:despicable
- Template:RQ:De Quevedo L'Estrange Visions
(指天氣) 討厭的，不好的，令人不舒心的
(非正式) 討厭的，該死的（表達某事物令自己討厭）
近義詞： damned、bloody、blasted、bleeding

Will you please stop playing that wretched trombone!
你能不能別吹你的破長號了。

衍生詞彙[編輯]

詞語搭配[編輯]

和名詞

wretched animal
wretched being
wretched city
wretched condition
wretched creature
wretched excess
wretched health
wretched hive
wretched hole
wretched house
wretched life
wretched man
wretched person
wretched place
wretched situation
wretched slave
wretched state
wretched town
wretched village
wretched weather
wretched woman
wretched world

參考資料[編輯]

↑ 「wrecched, adj.」 in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
↑ 「wrecche, adj.」 in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
↑ 「-ed, suf.(1)」 in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
↑ 對比「wretched, adj.」, OED Online ⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, March 2023; 「wretched, adj.」, Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.

延伸閱讀[編輯]

「wretched」, The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, OCLC 867766587
「wretched」, Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, OCLC 800618302
Douglas Harper (2001–2024), 「wretched」, 《線上詞源詞典》（Online Etymology Dictionary）

[1] 「wrecched, adj.」 in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

[2] 「wrecche, adj.」 in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

[3] 「-ed, suf.(1)」 in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

[4] 對比「wretched, adj.」, OED Online ⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, March 2023; 「wretched, adj.」, Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.

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