caelum
参见：Caelum
拉丁语[编辑]
发音[编辑]
词源1[编辑]
不确定；可能继承自原始意大利语 *kailom（性别部分转换为阳性），继承自原始印欧语 *kóh₂i-lom (“全部，完整”)，源自 *koh₂i-、*kéy-，表示“完整”，与 templum (“部分”) 相对，与拉丁语 caelebs、sincērus、caerimōnia、俄语 це́лый (célyj, “全部，完整”)、英语 whole、holy 同源。可能与奥斯坎语 𐌊𐌀𐌝𐌋𐌀 (kaíla, “一种建筑”) 同源。性别自中性至阳性的转换不规则。[1]
其他写法[编辑]
- caelus (acl, 较罕用)
- cael (acl, 和其他缩略形式共同见于昆图斯·恩纽斯的 Annales)
- cælum
- coelum, cœlum (med, new, 非常常见)
- cēlum (med)
名词[编辑]
caelum n 或 m (属格 caelī); 第二类变格
变格[编辑]
第二类变格名词（中性）。
| 格 | 单数 | 复数 |
|---|---|---|
| 主格 | caelum | caela |
| 属格 | caelī | caelōrum |
| 与格 | caelō | caelīs |
| 宾格 | caelum | caela |
| 夺格 | caelō | caelīs |
| 呼格 | caelum | caela |
单数是阳性时，作 caelus。基督教时代之前，复数形式罕用且仅见于诗歌语，但在教会拉丁语中较常见，复数一般是阳性的。
派生词汇[编辑]
派生语汇[编辑]
- 巴尔干-罗曼语支：
- 达尔马提亚语：
- 伊斯特拉语：
- 意大利-罗曼语支：
- 帕达尼亚语支：
- 北高卢-罗曼语支：
- 南高卢-罗曼语支：
- 岛屿罗曼语支：
- 伊比利亚-罗曼语支：
- 借词：
参考资料[编辑]
- ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “caelum”, Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, ISBN 9789004167971, 页80-81
词源2[编辑]
继承自原始意大利语 *kaid(s)lom，源自原始印欧语 *kh₂eyd- (“切，割，砍，劈”)（与 caedō (“切割”) 同源）。[1]
其他写法[编辑]
名词[编辑]
变格[编辑]
第二类变格名词（中性）。
| 格 | 单数 | 复数 |
|---|---|---|
| 主格 | caelum | caela |
| 属格 | caelī | caelōrum |
| 与格 | caelō | caelīs |
| 宾格 | caelum | caela |
| 夺格 | caelō | caelīs |
| 呼格 | caelum | caela |
相关词汇[编辑]
派生语汇[编辑]
- → 英语: Caelum
参考资料[编辑]
- 1caelum in Charlton T. Lewis & Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1879
- 2caelum in Charlton T. Lewis & Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1879
- “caelum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- 1 caelum在Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français (拉丁语-法语详解词典), Hachette中的内容
- 2 caelum在Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français (拉丁语-法语详解词典), Hachette中的内容
- Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to raise the eyes to heaven; to look up to the sky: suspicere (in) caelum
- to raise the eyes to heaven; to look up to the sky: oculos tollere, attollere ad caelum
- climate: caelum or natura caeli
- healthy climate: caelum salūbre, salubritas caeli (opp. grave, gravitas)
- temperate climate: caeli temperatio
- rough climate: caeli asperitas
- variable climate: caeli varietas
- the star-lit sky; the firmament: caelum astris distinctum et ornatum
- the pole: vertex caeli, axis caeli, cardo caeli
- a storm accompanied by heavy claps of thunder: tempestas cum magno fragore (caeli) tonitribusque (Liv. 1. 16)
- the heavens are shaken by the thunder: caelum tonitru contremit
- to extol, laud to the skies: laudibus aliquem (aliquid) in caelum ferre, efferre, tollere
- to raise the hands to heaven (attitude of prayer): (supinas) manus ad caelum tendere
- （模糊）to run its course in the sky: cursum conficere in caelo
- （模糊）to be struck by lightning: de caelo tangi, percuti
- （模糊）when it is growing dusk; towards evening: die, caelo vesperascente
- （模糊）to observe the sky (i.e. the flight of birds, lightning, thunder, etc.: de caelo servare (Att. 4. 3. 3)
- to raise the eyes to heaven; to look up to the sky: suspicere (in) caelum
- “caelum”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “caelum”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
- ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “caedō, -ere”, Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, ISBN 9789004167971, 页79-80