populus
參見：Populus
拉丁語[编辑]
詞源1[编辑]
源自古拉丁語 populus（公元前2世紀中期開始），源自poplus，源自poplos（最早追溯至公元前5世紀前期）[1]，源自原始意大利語 *poplos (“軍隊”)，源頭不明；可能源自伊特拉斯坎語或源自pleō的詞根。參見plēbs。
發音[编辑]
名詞[编辑]
- 民族
- 100 BCE – 44 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.44:
- Amicitiam populi Romani sibi ornamento et praesidio, non detrimento esse oportere, atque se hac spe petisse.
- That the friendship of the Roman people ought to prove to him an ornament and a safeguard, not a detriment; and that he sought it with that expectation.
- Amicitiam populi Romani sibi ornamento et praesidio, non detrimento esse oportere, atque se hac spe petisse.
- 社群
- 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita libri 26.1:
- Ea tum cura maxime intentos habebat Romanos, non ab ira tantum, quae in nullam unquam ciuitatem iustior fuit, quam quod urbs tam nobilis ac potens, sicut defectione sua traxerat aliquot populos, ita recepta inclinatura rursus animos uidebatur ad ueteris imperii respectum.
- 人民
- (中世紀拉丁語) 一群人
- (中世紀拉丁語) 教區
變格[编辑]
第二類變格名詞。
| 格 | 單數 | 複數 |
|---|---|---|
| 主格 | populus | populī |
| 屬格 | populī | populōrum |
| 與格 | populō | populīs |
| 賓格 | populum | populōs |
| 奪格 | populō | populīs |
| 呼格 | popule | populī |
派生詞[编辑]
相關詞彙[编辑]
派生語彙[编辑]
- 借詞
參考資料[编辑]
- populus in Charlton T. Lewis & Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1879
詞源2[编辑]
源頭不明。對比古希臘語 πτελέα (“榆樹”)，原始斯拉夫語 *topolь (“楊樹”)。
其他寫法[编辑]
- *plōppus (通俗拉丁語)
發音[编辑]
名詞[编辑]
變格[编辑]
第二類變格名詞。
| 格 | 單數 | 複數 |
|---|---|---|
| 主格 | pōpulus | pōpulī |
| 屬格 | pōpulī | pōpulōrum |
| 與格 | pōpulō | pōpulīs |
| 賓格 | pōpulum | pōpulōs |
| 奪格 | pōpulō | pōpulīs |
| 呼格 | pōpule | pōpulī |
派生詞[编辑]
派生語彙[编辑]
- 阿爾巴尼亞語: plep
- 阿羅馬尼亞語: plop, plup
- 阿斯圖里亞斯語: chopu
- 加泰羅尼亞語: poll, pollancre
- 科西嘉語: piobu
- 荷蘭語: populier
- 英語: poplar
- 世界語: poplo
- 弗留利語: pôl
- 德語: Pappel
- 德國低地德語: Pappel, Pöppel
- 伊多語: poplo
- 意大利語: pioppo
- 書面挪威語: poppel
- 新挪威語: poppel
- 奧克語: píbol
- 古法語: poplier
- 法語: peuplier
- 古高地德語: popelboum
- 中古高地德語: papelboum, papele, papel
- 葡萄牙語: choupo
- 羅馬尼亞語: plop
- 西西里語: chiuppu
- 西班牙語: pobo, chopo
- 威尼斯語: piopa
- 維拉莫維安語: pōpuł
- 沃拉普克語: plop
參考資料[编辑]
- populus in Charlton T. Lewis & Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1879
- “populus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- populus在Charles du Fresne du Cange的Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
- populus在Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français (拉丁語-法語詳解詞典), Hachette中的內容
- Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- the Republic: libera res publica, liber populus
- （模糊）the plague breaks out in the city: pestilentia (not pestis) in urbem (populum) invadit
- （模糊）to write a history of Rome: res populi Romani perscribere
- （模糊）to have an appreciative audience: populum facilem, aequum habere
- （模糊）to address a meeting of the people: verba facere apud populum, in contione
- （模糊）the dregs of the people: faex populi, plebis, civitatis
- （模糊）to summon an assembly of the people: convocare populi concilium and populum ad concilium
- （模糊）to submit a formal proposition to the people: agere cum populo (Leg. 3. 4. 10)
- （模糊）to propose a law in the popular assembly: legem ferre or simply ferre ad populum, ut...
- （模糊）to formally propose a law to the people: legem rogare or rogare populum (cf. sect. XVI. 4, note Aulus Gellius...)
- （模糊）popular favour; popularity: populi favor, gratia popularis
- （模糊）to court popularity: gratiam populi quaerere
- （模糊）public opinion: existimatio populi, hominum
- （模糊）unpopularity: offensio populi, popularis
- （模糊）unpopularity: offensa populi voluntas
- （模糊）democracy: imperium populi or populare, civitas or res publica popularis
- （模糊）to be a leading spirit of the popular cause: populi causam agere
- （模糊）to enslave a free people: liberum populum servitute afficere
- （模糊）to rob a people of its freedom: libertatem populo eripere
- （模糊）to grant a people its independence: populum liberum esse, libertate uti, sui iuris esse pati
- （模糊）to fail in one's candidature for the consulship: repulsam ferre consulatus (a populo) (Tusc. 5. 19. 54)
- （模糊）the censors hold a census of the people: censores censent populum
- （模糊）to appeal to the people: provocare ad populum (Liv. 2. 55)
- （模糊）a matter is referred (for decision) from the senate to the people: a senatu res ad populum reicitur
- （模糊）to be on friendly terms with the Roman people: in amicitia populi Romani esse (Liv. 22. 37)
- （模糊）to reduce a country to subjection to oneself: populum in potestatem suam redigere (B. G. 2. 34)
- （模糊）to reduce a country to subjection to oneself: populum in deditionem venire cogere
- （模糊）to accept the submission of a people: populum in deditionem accipere
- （模糊）to subjugate a nation: populum perdomare, subigere
- （模糊）to make oneself master of a people, country: populum, terram suo imperio, suae potestati subicere (not sibi by itself)
- （模糊）Asia was made subject to Rome: Asia populi Romani facta est
- the Republic: libera res publica, liber populus
- “populus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- populus in Ramminger, Johann (访问于16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
- “populus”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin