ostracize

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词源[编辑]

Three Ancient Greek ostraca inscribed with the names Themistokles and Neokleos, which were used to vote for whether those persons should be ostracized (sense 1) from the city; the procedure was called ostracism.
三枚刻有名字“Themistokles”、“Neokleos”的古希腊放逐陶片，用来投票从城市中放逐出去的人，这种投票流程叫做“陶片放逐法”。

源自古希臘語 ὀστρακίζω (ostrakízō, “通过陶片放逐法放逐”)，源自ὄστρᾰκον (óstrakon, “陶片”) + -ῐ́ζω (-ízō, 构成动词的后缀)。英语词与法語 ostraciser同源。[1]

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动词[编辑]

ostracize (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 ostracizes，現在分詞 ostracizing，一般過去時及過去分詞 ostracized) (美式英语, 牛津英国英语)

  1. (及物, 古希腊, 歷史) 以陶片放逐法放逐（五或十年） （自19世纪中叶）
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    • 1840, “OSTRACISM”, 出自 [George Long] 編, The Penny Cyclopædia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, 卷s XVII (Organ–Pertinax), London: Charles Knight and Co., […], →OCLC，頁號 55，列號 2:
      [T]he person who was ostracised was obliged to leave Athens within ten days after the sentence, and unless a vote of the people recalled him before the expiration of that time, to stay in exile for ten years.
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    • [1849], George Grote, “Twenty-first Year of the War.—Oligarchy of Four Hundred at Athens.”, 出自 A History of Greece from the Earliest Period to the Close of the Generation Contemporary with Alexander the Great。[...] In Four Volumes, 2nd版, 卷 III, New York, N.Y.: W. L. Allison Co., publishers, →OCLC, part II (Continuation of Historical Greece)，頁號 203:
      The Athenian Hyperbolus, who had been ostracized some years before by the coalition of Nikias and Alkibiades, together with their respective partisans—ostracized (as Thucydides tells us) not from any fear of his power and over-transcendent influence, but from his bad character and from his being a disgrace to the city—and thus ostracized by an abuse of the institution—was now resident at Samos.
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  2. (引申义) 排挤，排斥 （自17世纪中叶）
    近義詞： blackball、cut someone dead、give someone the cold shoulder、send to Coventry、leper；亦參見Thesaurus:ignore
    反義詞： 參見Thesaurus:pay attention
    • 1704, [Antoine Furetière], “Bombast’s Speech to His Army”, 出自 The Rebellion: Or, An Account of the Late Civil-wars, in the Kingdom of Eloquence, London: Printed [for John Nutt ...], →OCLC，頁號 48:
      You then moſt Noble Equivocations and Alluſions, whom Rhetorick would Oſtraciſe, ſeek Revenge for your Baniſhment; [...]
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    • 1811 7月 4, Henry A[lexander] S[cammell] Dearborn, An Oration, Pronounced at Boston, on the Fourth Day of July, 1811, before the Supreme Executive and in the Presence of the Bunker-Hill Association, Boston, Mass.: Printed by Munroe & French, printer to the state, →OCLC，頁號s 4–5:
      The inflexible advocate[s] of the people's rights, were either expelled the Senate Chamber, ostracised, or immolated on the reeking altars of patriotism, by the encrimsoned sword of slaughtering persecution.
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    • 1841, Anthony Grumbler [pseudonym; David Hoffman], 章號 VII, 出自 Miscellaneous Thoughts on Men, Manners, and Things, Baltimore, Md.: Published by Plaskitt & Cugle, →OCLC，頁號 179:
      [O]thers may wonder at the mawkish taste of a community which, instead of ostracising such a palpable charlatan at once, attended and praised all that he had to say!
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    • 1852 August，“Death of Henry Clay: The Convention System”，出自 Democratic Review，卷號II，期號II (New Series; volume XXXI, number CLXX, overall)，New York, N.Y.:Published at the office of the Democratic Review, […], OCLC 8884941, 頁號151, column 1:
      No party worthy of the name will submit, permanently, to any regime which ostracises its best men and selects the worst, which has become an epidemic condition of party politics, and may take off most of what is worth recognizing in the pride of our boasted institutions.
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    • 1860 January，“Art IX.—Ancient and Modern Art and Literature.”，出自J[ames] D[unwoody] B[rownson] De Bow編， De Bow’s Review and Industrial Resources, Statistics, etc.: […]，卷號III (New Series; volume XXVIII overall)，期號I，New Orleans, La.; Washington, D.C.:[J. D. B. De Bow], OCLC 9332366, 頁號83:
      Fashion not only sustains bad writers, but ostracizes and banishes good ones. [William] Shakespeare's writings were popular while he lived, but almost forgotten for two centuries after his death.
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    • 1877 1月 13, [Francis] Kernan (questioner), Edward Howard (witness), Mississippi. Testimony as to Denial of Elective Franchise in Mississippi, at the Elections of 1875 and 1876, […] (The Miscellaneous Documents of the Senate of the United States for the Second Session of the Forty-forth Congress; volume III, number 45), Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, →OCLC，頁號 22:
      Q. Have you any knowledge aside from your own case of their socially ostracizing a man?—A. There are almost a dozen in this room, I guess, that I know of; perhaps a dozen.
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    • 1905年5月4日，“Financials: The Fall of [F. G.] Bigelow”，出自w:Henry Chandler Bowen編， The Independent，卷號LVIII，期號2944，New York, N.Y.:The Independent, […], OCLC 4927591, 頁號1030, column 2:
      Our honest and conservative financiers should frown upon and ostracize these black sheep, whether they are cornering the wheat market or manipulating prices on the Stock Exchange by wash sales and otherwise, or promoting a Shipyard Trust, or playing profitably with the surplus funds of a life insurance company.
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    • 1921 3月 18, Rabindranath Tagore, “New York, March 18, 1921”, 出自 C[harles] F[reer] A[ndrews] 編, Letters from Abroad, Madras, Tamil Nadu: S. Ganesan publisher, […], 出版於 1924, →OCLC，頁號 86:
      I long to be one with the birds and trees and with the green earth. The call comes to me from the air to sing, but, wretched creature that I am, I lecture—and by doing it, I ostracise myself from this great world of songs to which I was born.
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    • 2003, Cele C. Otnes, Elizabeth Hafkin Pleck, “Romance, Magic, Memory, and Perfection”, 出自 Cinderella Dreams: The Allure of the Lavish Wedding (Life Passages), Berkeley, Los Angeles, Calif., London: University of California Press, →ISBN，頁號 22:
      [T]raditions such as the bouquet toss and the "singles" table at the wedding reception often marginalize and ostracize lesbians and gays in attendance.
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    • 2007, Kipling D. Williams, Jonathan Gerber, “Ostracism: The Making of the Ignored and Excluded Mind”, 出自 Making Minds: The Shaping of Human Minds through Social Context (Benjamins Current Topics; 4), Amsterdam, Philadelphia, Pa.: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN, →ISSN，頁號 132:
      Ostracism can be observed from an early age, and continues throughout the life-cycle. Children ostracize other children in the playground, choosing carefully who they wish to play with. Adults ostracize other adults, such as marriage partners using the silent treatment.
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    • 2015 March, Jimmy Carter, “The Road to Progress”, 出自 A Call to Action: Women, Religion, Violence, and Power, New York, N.Y.: Simon & Schuster Paperbacks, →ISBN，頁號 195:
      [A] traditional chief attended our Human Rights Defenders Forum in Atlanta and then returned home to discover that a local soldier had raped a fourteen-year-old girl. The chief personally found the soldier, tied him to a chair, and waited for the police to arrive and arrest him. He then used his influence to prevent anyone from condemning or ostracizing the girl. The benefits from this kind of bold action have been proven in Malawi, Senegal, Liberia, Ghana, and other African countries.
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    • 2018, Joost van Spanje, “Pariah Parties: Established Parties’ Systematic Boycotting of Other Parties”, 出自 Controlling the Electoral Marketplace: How Established Parties Ward off Competition (Political Campaigning and Communication), Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan、Springer Nature, →DOI, →ISBN，頁號s 37–38:
      A common practice by established parties in liberal democracies that often accompanies delegitimisation efforts is ostracising a challenger party. In this book's first chapter we have defined ostracising a party as systematically ruling out all political cooperation with that party [...].
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  1. ↑ “ostracize, v.”, OED Online Paid subscription required⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, September 2004; “ostracize, v.”, Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.

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  • 斷字：os‧tra‧ci‧ze

动词[编辑]

ostracize

  1. ostracizar 的屈折变化形式：
    1. 第一人稱單數現在時虛擬式
    2. 第三人稱單數現在時虛擬式
    3. 第三人稱單數命令式
来自“https://zh.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=ostracize&oldid=8028062”