desideratum

維基詞典,自由的多語言詞典
參見:desiderátum

英語[編輯]

詞源[編輯]

古典借詞,源自拉丁語 dēsīderātum (想要的東西)dēsīderātus的中性主格單數形式,dēsīderāre (想要,渴望)的被動過去分詞,[1]源自dēsīderō (想要,希望,渴望),源自de- (程度增強後綴) + (可能)sīdus (星星;星座),但其間的關聯性不詳。英語詞與法語 desideratum西班牙語 desiderátum同源。

複數形式源自拉丁語 dēsīderāta

發音[編輯]

  • (標準英音) IPA(幫助)/dɪˌsɪdəˈɹɑːtəm/, /-ˌzɪ-/, /-ˈɹeɪ-/
  • 文檔
  • (通用美式) IPA(幫助)/dəˌsɪdəˈɹɑtəm/, /-ˌzɪ-/, [-ɾəm]
  • 斷字:de‧si‧de‧ra‧tum

名詞[編輯]

desideratum (複數 desiderata)

  1. 渴望的東西,想要的東西,需求 (自17世紀中葉)
    • 1774 November,「Art. XI. An Improvement Proposed in the Cross Wires of Telescopes. By Dr. Wilson, of Glasgow.」,出自 The Gentleman’s Magazine, and Historical Chronicle,卷號XLIV,London:Printed [] for D[avid] Henry, [], OCLC 192374019, 頁號529, column 2:
      It having hitherto been a deſideratum to draw ſilver wire fine enough for aſtronomical uſes, our author's improvement "conſiſts in nothing but in flattening the fineſt wires which are now drawn."
      (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
    • 1807年6月10日,Benjamin Smith BartonA Discourse on Some of the Principal Desiderata in Natural History, and on the Best Means of Promoting the Study of This Science, in the United-States. [],Philadelphia, Pa.:Printed by Denham & Town, [], OCLC 926101138, 頁號15:
      I shall now, agreeably to your request, endeavour to point out some of the principal Desiderata of the science of Natural History, and the most effectual means to be pursued for the Advancement of Science.
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    • '1838' (date written)L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter V,出自 Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. [],卷號I,London:Henry Colburn, [],出版年份1842, OCLC 1000392275, 頁號46:
      The kettle was singing on the side, and a thin white column of smoke announced, that desideratum of tea-makers, that the water boiled at a gallop.
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    • 1896Mary Baker EddyMiscellaneous Writings 1883–1896,Boston, Mass.:Christian Science Publishing Society, OCLC 13894648; republished Boston, Mass.:Trustees under the Will of Mary Baker G. Eddy,1924, OCLC 785390420, 頁號355:
      Less teaching and good healing is to-day the acme of "well done;" a healing that is not guesswork, – chronic recovery ebbing and flowing, – but instantaneous cure. This absolute demonstration of Science must be revived. To consummate this desideratum, mortal mind must pass through three stages of growth.
      (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
    • 1898Herbert Spencer,「Moral Education」,出自 Education: Intellectual, Moral, and Physical,New York, N.Y.:D. Appleton and Company, [], OCLC 935900223, 頁號161:
      While much is being done in the detailed improvement of our systems in respect of both matter and manner, the most pressing desideratum has not yet even been recognised as a desideratum.
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    • 1907 November,Angus Caithness,「Notes on Neuralgia」,出自J. J. Lawrence編, The Medical Brief: A Monthly Journal of Scientific Medicine and Surgery,卷號XXXV,期號11,St. Louis, Mo.:[s.n.] [], OCLC 243875937, 頁號840, column 2:
      A heavy clay soil is bad for all neuralgics, and the house should be dry, and on a sandy or gravel soil. The desideratum for all neuralgic affections is perpetual summer, but this can only be obtained, and it is not always possible, by an annual migration.
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    • 1968Sociology and Social Research,卷號53,Los Angeles, Calif.:Southern California Sociological Society, University of Southern California, ISSN 0038-0210, OCLC 1080706420, 頁號65:
      Money is probably a desideratum under almost any circumstance, though it is certainly possible to imagine limitations.
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    • 1991,James B. Freeman,「Basic Theoretical Considerations」,出自 Dialectics and the Macrostructure of Arguments: A Theory of Argument Structure (Studies of Argumentation in Pragmatics and Discourse Analysis),Berlin; New York, N.Y.:Foris Publications, →ISBN, section 2.2 (Desiderata for Theory and Practice), 頁號33:
      [W]e want to present certain desiderata for a theory of argument structure and the diagramming system which represents it. These desiderata will further highlight the appropriateness of presenting our dialectal theory of argument at the beginning of our study.
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    • 2018,Robert A. Wilson,「A Socio-cognitive Framework for Marked Variation」,出自 The Eugenic Mind Project,Cambridge, Mass.:MIT Press, →ISBN, section 6.8 (Return of the Seven), 頁號137:
      In terms of the seven desiderata for any adequate response to the puzzle of marked variation, I have argued that the constructivist view's only real strength lies in the first desideratum.
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相關詞彙[編輯]

參考資料[編輯]

  1. desideratum, n.」, OED Online Paid subscription required, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, 1895; 「desideratum, n.」, Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.

延伸閱讀[編輯]

拉丁語[編輯]

動詞[編輯]

dēsīderātum

  1. dēsīderō賓格目的動名詞

分詞[編輯]

dēsīderātum

  1. dēsīderātus 的屈折變化形式:
    1. 主格/賓格/呼格中性單數
    2. 賓格陽性單數

參考資料[編輯]