dastard
英語[編輯]
詞源[編輯]
源自中古英語 dastard (「愚人」)，可能由*dast得來，其為從古諾爾斯語 dæstr (「喘不過氣的」) + -ard衍生而來的一個詞幹。 對比冰島語 dasaður (「筋疲力盡的」)，方言瑞典語 däst (「勞累的」)、中古荷蘭語 dasaert、daasaardt (「傻子」)、英語 dazed (「發呆的」)。
發音[編輯]
名詞[編輯]
dastard (複數 dastards)
- 卑怯的懦夫
- c. 1591, William Shakespeare, Henry VI, Part 2, Act IV, Scene 8,[1]
- I thought ye would never have given out these arms till you had recovered your ancient freedom: but you are all recreants and dastards, and delight to live in slavery to the nobility.
- 1596, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, Book VI, Canto Three, Stanza 36, in The Faerie Queene, Book Six and the Mutabilitie Cantos, edited by Andrew Hadfield and Abraham Stoll, Hackett, 2007, p. 49,
- The dastard, that did heare him selfe defyde, / Seem'd not to weigh his threatfull words at all, / But laught them out, as if his greater pryde, / Did scorne the challenge of so base a thrall: Or had not courage, or else had no gall.
- 1922, James Joyce, Ulysses, Penguin, 1992, p. 590,
- My client, an innately bashful man, would be the last man in the world to do anything ungentlemanly which injured modesty could object to or cast a stone at a girl who took the wrong turning when some dastard, responsible for her condition, had worked his own sweet will on her.
- c. 1591, William Shakespeare, Henry VI, Part 2, Act IV, Scene 8,[1]
形容詞[編輯]
dastard (比較級 more dastard, 最高級 most dastard)
- 怯懦的，卑怯的
- 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, Book III, Canto One, Stanza 22, in The Faerie Queene, Books Three and Four, edited by Dorothy Stephens, Hackett, 2006, p. 13,
- Like dastard Curres, that having at a bay
- The salvage beast embost in wearie chace,
- Dare not adventure on the stubborne pray,
- Ne byte before, but rome from place to place,
- To get a snatch, when turned is his face.
- 1789, Olaudah Equiano, 章號 5, 出自 The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano[2]:
- Now dragg'd once more beyond the western main,
To groan beneath some dastard planter’s chain;
Where my poor countrymen in bondage wait
The long enfranchisement of ling』ring fate:- （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）
- 1843, Thomas Carlyle, Past and Present, book 3, ch. IV, Happy
- Observe, too, that this is all a modern affair; belongs not to the old heroic times, but to these dastard new times. 『Happiness our being’s end and aim』 is at bottom, if we will count well, not yet two centuries old in the world.
- 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, Book III, Canto One, Stanza 22, in The Faerie Queene, Books Three and Four, edited by Dorothy Stephens, Hackett, 2006, p. 13,
動詞[編輯]
dastard (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 dastards, 現在分詞 dastarding, 一般過去時及過去分詞 dastarded)
- 使...變成懦夫
- 1665, John Dryden, The Indian Emperour, or the Conquest of Mexico by the Spaniards, being the Sequel of The Indian Queen, Act II, Scene 1, [3]
- Would my short life had yet a shorter date! / I'm weary of this flesh which holds us here, / And dastards manly souls with hope and fear; / These heats and colds still in our breast make war, / Agues and fevers all our passions are.
- 1665, John Dryden, The Indian Emperour, or the Conquest of Mexico by the Spaniards, being the Sequel of The Indian Queen, Act II, Scene 1, [3]
衍生詞彙[編輯]
參考[編輯]
- 「dastard」, Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, OCLC 800618302
- The Free Dictionary: Dastard