brazen

英語

其他形式

• brasen

詞源

An Ashanti brass figurine of a leopard from Kroform, a small village in the Ashanti Region、Ashantiland, Ghana
來自加納阿散蒂王國阿散蒂地區的一個小鎮Kroform的黃銅豹子像

源自中古英語 brasen，源自古英語 bræsen (「黃銅的」)，等價於brass +‎ -en（對比golden）。

原意為「黃銅的」，動詞的比喻義（brazen it out (「放肆」)）追溯至16世紀50年代（可能源自「臉像黃銅一樣不見羞恥」），形容詞義「厚顏無恥的」源自16世紀70年代。對比bold as brass。

發音

• 英語發音：brāzʹn, IPA^(幫助)：/ˈbɹeɪzən/

• 音頻 (RP)

  （文檔）

• 音頻（通用美式）

  （文檔）

• 音頻（澳式）

  （文檔）

• 韻部：-eɪzən
• 斷字：braz‧en

形容詞

brazen (比較級 more brazen, 最高級 most brazen)

1. (古舊) 黃銅的
   • 1786, Francis Grose, Military Antiquities Respecting a History of the English Army, from the Conquest to the Present Time, London: Printed for S. Hooper […], OCLC 745209064; republished as Military Antiquities Respecting a History of the English Army, from the Conquest to the Present Time, volume II, new [2nd] edition with material additions and improvements, London: Printed for T[homas] Egerton, […]; & G. Kearsley, […], 1801, OCLC 435979550, page 262:

     Brazen or rather copper swords seem to have been next introduced; these in process of time, workmen learned to harden by the addition of some other metal or mineral, which rendered them almost equal in temper to iron.

   • 1836, [Harvey Newcomb], The Brazen Serpent: Being a Simple Illustration of Faith Drawn from Scripture History. […], Philadelphia, Pa.: American Sunday-School Union, […], →OCLC，頁號s 40–41:

     And Moses made a brass image of the fiery serpents, and put it up on a pole, where all the people could see it; and when any one was bitten, he could look upon the brazen serpent, and was cured.

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   • 1859 5月 2, X. X. X. [pseudonym], 「Looking at Lodgings」, 出自 The Ragged School Union Magazine, 卷 IX, London: Ragged School Union, […]; Partridge & Co., […], →OCLC，頁號 91:

     The women, stout, strong, brazen-faced creatures, in most cases looked able to thrash any of the partners with whom they consorted.

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   • Template:RQ:Burroughs Gods of Mars
   • 1952, Norman Lewis, Golden Earth:

     Through the brazen hours that followed high noon, we crept onwards through a tunnel of glittering verdure.

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2. 響亮的，刺耳的
   • 1697, Virgil; John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. Translated into English Verse; […], London: Printed for Jacob Tonson, […], OCLC 839376905; republished as The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. Translated into English Verse by Mr. Dryden. In Three Volumes, volume III, 5th edition, London: Printed by Jacob Tonson […], 1721, OCLC 181805247, book IX, page 822, lines 667–670:

     And now the Trumpets terribly from far, / With rattling Clangor, rouze the sleepy War. / The Souldiers Shouts succeed the Brazen Sounds, / And Heav'n，源自Pole to Pole, the Noise rebounds.

   • 2001, R[alph] N[ixon] Currey, 「The Horn」, 出自 Collected Poems, Oxford: James Currey; Cape Town: David Philip Publishers, →ISBN，頁號 246:

     Often a traveller, when the air is quiet, / Will make the night reverberate with this riot / Of brazen sounds, whose singing cadence swells / The harmony of bleating and lambs' bells.

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3. (古舊) 堅不可摧的；堅定的
   • 1870, The Sunday at Home: A Family Magazine for Sabbath Reading, 卷 XVII, London: Religious Tract Society, →OCLC，頁號 587:

     The giant [Goliath] was thus conquered by the youth [David]; the man-at-arms by the unarmed; the stone of the shepherd pierced the brazen defences of the warrior.

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   • 2015, Bertolt Brecht, 「Frank Wedekind」, 出自 Brecht on Theatre, 3rd rev. and updated版, London, New York, N.Y.: Bloomsbury Methuen Drama, Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN，頁號 19:

     In the autumn, when a small group of us heard him [Frank Wedekind] read from Heracles, his last work, I was amazed at his brazen energy. For two and a half hours without stopping, without once lowering his voice (and what a strong, brazen voice it was), barely pausing for breath for even a moment between acts, bent motionless over the table, he read – half from memory – those verses wrought in brass, looking deep into the eyes of each of his listeners in turn.

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4. 恬不知恥的，厚顏無恥的 （自16世紀70年代）

   She was brazen enough to deny stealing the handbag even though she was caught on closed-circuit television doing so.

   她臉皮厚到被監控拍到偷手提包了還拒不承認。

   • 1993, Karla Hocker, A Deceitful Heart (Zebra Regency Romance), New York, N.Y.: Zebra Books, Kensington Books, →ISBN:

     He looked at her for a long moment. Slowly, a smile lit in his eyes. "Never a shrew. A fighter and a brazen hussy." / Placing a finger beneath her chin, he tilted her face up. "And, I'd say, you're the only brazen hussy who blushes." / A brazen hussy. She should be offended. But the smile in his eyes, the touch of his finger moving slowly and feather-light from chin to throat and along the sensitive skin of her neck made it impossible to concentrate on rebuke.

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   • 2012, Michelle West, Skirmish: A House War Novel (DAW Books Collectors; no. 1571), New York, N.Y.: DAW Books, →ISBN:

     If one had to lie at all, the brazen lie was better because brazen lies were so outrageous many people failed to question them.

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衍生詞彙

• brazen age
• brazen bull
• brazenface
• brazen-faced
• brazen sea
• brazenly
• brazenness

參見

• effrontery

動詞

brazen (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 brazens, 現在分詞 brazening, 一般過去時及過去分詞 brazened)

1. (不及物) 變黃銅色
   • 1986, Quarterly Journal of Ideology: QJI, 卷 10, [Tahlequah, Okla.]: QJI Editorial Board, →ISSN，頁號 93:

     [...] the meadows roughen, grow gutteral / with goldenrod, milkweed's late-summer lilac, / cat-tails, the wild lily brazening, / dooryards overflowing in late, rough-headed bloom: [...]

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2. (及物, 常後接out或through) 厚着臉皮做 （自16世紀50年代）
   • 1656, John Trapp, 「A Commentary or Exposition upon the Gospel According to St. Matthew」, 出自 A Commentary or Exposition upon All the Books of the New Testament. […], 2nd enlarged版, London: Printed by R. W. and are to be sold by Nath. Ekins, […], →OCLC，頁號 274:

     And though the word doth eat up all they can ſay, as Moſes rod did: yet they harden their hearts with Pharaoh, they brazen their brows with him in the text, that ſaid I will not: Nay ſaid the Iſraelites, but we will have a King. [Commentary on Matthew 21:29.]

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   • 1832 November, 「Noctes Ambrosianæ. No. LXIV.」, 出自 Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, 卷 XXXII, 期 CCI, Edinburgh: William Blackwood, […]; and T[homas] Cadell, […], →OCLC，頁號 870:

     His impudence is only less than his ignorance, in referring his questioner to [John] Milton, in proof of the scriptural angels being celestial women. That gentleman mildly remarks, "Milton's angels are not Ladies." Instead of blushing, he brazens it out, and replies, "No—but some scriptural angels are Ladies—I believe"—shewing that he is as ignorant of his Bible as of Milton.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • Template:RQ:Black Sabina Zembra
   • 1949, Robert Graves, 「Modernist Poetry (with Laura Riding, 1926)」, 出自 The Common Asphodel, Collected Essays on Poetry, 1922–1949, London: Hamish Hamilton, →OCLC，頁號 151:

     [T]he historically minded modernist poet is uncertain whether there is any excuse at all for the existence of poets. He brazens out the dilemma by making cruel jokes at his own expense—jokes which he expects no one to see or to laugh at if seen.

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   • 2007, Jennifer Brice, 「Blue Storm」, 出自 Unlearning to Fly, Lincoln, Neb.: University of Nebraska Press, →ISBN，頁號 169:

     [...] I've come to rely on a mental technique that I call powering through. [...] It's equivalent to brazening out an awkward social situation—accidentally squeezing the butt of a stranger wearing the same costume as your boyfriend at a Halloween party, say. Powering through or brazening out is almost always what I end up doing, but only after stifling my initial impulse to surrender or sink through the floor.

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   • 2008, Charles W. Sasser, God in the Foxhole: Inspiring True Stories of Miracles on the Battlefield, New York, N.Y.: Threshold Editions、Simon & Schuster, →ISBN:

     The drivers of the 507s Lost Convoy knew they were in a world of deep fecal matter. Could they brazen a path through the city once more and pick up Route Blue on the other side? Or would this morning's chain of unfortunate events finally catch up with them?

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衍生詞彙

• brazen it out