urbs

英语

词源

源自拉丁语。

名词

urbs (复数 urbes)

1. 古罗马的卫城

异序词

• Brus, brus, burs, rubs, srub

拉丁语

urbs

词源

来源不确定，可能来自：

• 原始意大利语 *worβis，源自原始印欧语 *werbʰ- (“围住”)（对比翁布里亚语 𐌖𐌄𐌓𐌚𐌀𐌋𐌄 (uerfale, “做占卜的地方”)、赫梯语 [script needed] (warpa-, “围场”)、吐火罗语A warpi (“花园”)、吐火罗语B werwiye (“花园”)）。
• 派生自原始印欧语 *gʰórdʰos (“城市”)（源自*gʰerdʰ- (“围住”)，参见赫梯语 [script needed] (gurtas, “城堡”)、梵语 गृह (gṛhá, “房屋”)、英语 yard (“院子”)），但这种说法会导致不规则变化的出现：规则变化应作 ˣhorbus。

发音

• (古典) 国际音标^(帮助)：/urps/, [ʊrps]
• (教会) 国际音标^(帮助)：/urps/

• 音频 (古典)

  （文档）

名词

urbs f (属格 urbis); 第三类变格

1. 城市，有城墙的城镇
   • 106 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, In Catilinam :

     O di immortales, ubinam gentium sumus? Quam rem publicam habemus? In qua urbe vivimus?

     O immortal gods, where on earth are we? What government do we have? In what city do we live?

   Urbi ferro flammāque minatus est.

   他用火和剑威胁著城市。

2. 罗马城
   • 100 BCE – 44 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.7:

     Caesari cum id nuntiatum esset, eos per provinciam nostram iter facere conari, maturat ab urbe proficisci et quam maximis potest itineribus in Galliam ulteriorem contendit et ad Genavam pervenit.

     当恺撒听到他们向本国进发的消息时，他马上带上最多的士兵出城，远征高卢，一路直到日内瓦。

   Ab urbe condita.

   从罗马城建成之日起。

   Urbi et orbi.

   到罗马城，到全世界。

变格

第三类变格名词（i-词干）。

格	单数	复数
主格	urbs	urbēs
属格	urbis	urbium
与格	urbī	urbibus
宾格	urbem	urbīs urbēs
夺格	urbe	urbibus
呼格	urbs	urbēs

另主格复数：urbis

派生词

• suburbium
• urbicapus
• urbicremus
• urbicus
• urbicārius
• urbāniciānus
• urbānitās
• urbānus
• urbānātim
• urbānē
• Urbīnum

 

派生语汇

• 世界语：urbo
• 伊多语：urbo
• 意大利语：Urbe
• 葡萄牙语：urbe
• 罗马尼亚语：urbe
• 西班牙语：urbe

参考资料

• urbs in Charlton T. Lewis & Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1879
• “urbs”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• urbs在Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français (拉丁语-法语详解词典), Hachette中的内容
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • the heart of the city: sinus urbis (Sall. Cat. 52. 35)
    
  • to set fire to a city: inflammare urbem
    
  • the city is very beautifully situated: urbs situ ad aspectum praeclara est
    
  • the city is situate on a bay: urbs in sinu sita est
    
  • to be far from town: longe, procul abesse ab urbe
    
  • to enter a city: ingredi, intrare urbem, introire in urbem
    
  • arrival in Rome, in town: adventus Romam, in urbem
    
  • to draw near to a city: appropinquare urbi, rarely ad urbem
    
  • to advance nearer to the city: propius accedere ad urbem or urbem
    
  • in the fifth year from the founding of the city: anno ab urbe condita quinto
    
  • native place: urbs patria or simply patria
    
  • the plague breaks out in the city: pestilentia (not pestis) in urbem (populum) invadit
    
  • a report is spreading imperceptibly: fama serpit (per urbem)
    
  • after having duly taken the auspices: auspicato (rem gerere, urbem condere)
    
  • to banish a person, send him into exile: ex urbe (civitate) expellere, pellere aliquem
    
  • to expel a person from the city, country: exterminare (ex) urbe, de civitate aliquem (Mil. 37. 101)
    
  • to garrison a town: praesidiis firmare urbem
    
  • to garrison a town: praesidium collocare in urbe
    
  • to raise a siege (used of the army of relief): urbis obsidionem liberare