travail

维基词典，自由的多语言词典

英语[编辑]

发音[编辑]

  • 英语发音：trə-vālʹ, trăvʹāl', IPA(帮助)：/tɹəˈveɪl/, /ˈtɹævˌeɪl/
  • 韵部：-eɪl

词源1[编辑]

Possible appearance of a Tripalium

源自中古英语 travail ← 古法语 travail (“受苦”) ← 通俗拉丁语 *tripalium (“刑具”) ← 拉丁语 tripālis (“有三个桩的”)。

名词[编辑]

travail (复数 travails 或 travaux)

  1. 〈文〉 苦劳 （自13世纪）
    • 1597, Richard Hooker, Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie, Book V, §21:
      But as every thing of price, so this doth require travail.
    • 1603, Michel de Montaigne, 章号 20, 出自 John Florio（译者）, The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:
      Travell and pleasure, most unlike in nature, are notwithstanding followed together by a kind of I wot not what natural conjunction […].
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 1936, Djuna Barnes, Nightwood, Faber & Faber 2007, p. 38:
      He had thought of making a destiny for himself, through laborious and untiring travail.
    • 2005, Tony Judt, “Culture Wars”, 出自 Postwar: A history of Europe since 1945, London: Vintage Books, 出版于 2010, →ISBN:
      And the British mandarin Left, like their contemporaries in the Foreign Office, had little time for the travails of the small countries between Germany and Russia, whom they had always regarded as something of a nuisance.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
  2. 生产，生孩子 （自13世纪）
    • 1607–08, William Shakespeare (?), Pericles, Prince of Tyre, Act III, Chorus:
      The lady shrieks and, well-a-near,
      Does fall in travail with her fear.
    • 1611, King James Version, Genesis 38:27–28:
      And it came to pass in the time of her travail, that, behold, twins were in her womb. And it came to pass, when she travailed, that the one put out his hand: and the midwife took and bound upon his hand a scarlet thread, saying, This came out first,
  3. 〈旧〉〈可数〉 劳动 （14-18世纪）
  4. 〈旧〉〈天〉 食 （17世纪）
  5. travel的旧写法。
  6. travois的另一种写法
参考资料[编辑]

词源2[编辑]

源自中古英语 travailen ← 古法语 travaillier，源自词源1的名词。

动词[编辑]

travail (第三人称单数简单现在时 travails, 现在分词 travailing, 一般过去时及过去分词 travailed)

  1. 劳累
    • 1552, Hugh Latimer, "Fourth Sermon on the Lord's Prayer, Preached before Lady Katherine, Duchess of Suffolk":
      [A]ll slothful persons, which will not travail for their livings, do the will of the devil.
    • 1611, King James Version, Job 15:20:
      The wicked man travaileth with pain all his days, and the number of years is hidden to the oppressor.
  2. To go through the labor of childbirth.
    • 1526, William Tyndale, trans. Bible, John XIV:
      A woman when she traveyleth hath sorowe, be cause her houre is come: but as sone as she is delivered off her chylde she remembreth no moare her anguysshe, for ioye that a man is borne in to the worlde.

法语[编辑]

词源[编辑]

源自中古法语 travail，源自古法语 travail的单数形，源自通俗拉丁语 tripalium (“刑具”)，源自拉丁语 tripālis (“有三个桩的”)。对比奥克语 trabalh, 加泰罗尼亚语 treball, 英语 travail, 意大利语 travaglio, 葡萄牙语 trabalho, 西班牙语 trabajo。

复数古法语 travauz，源自travailz，有l音化。词尾-auz后作-aux → -au- → o。

发音[编辑]

名词[编辑]

travail m (复数 travaux)

  1. 劳动
  2. 工作
  3. 工作场所

近义词[编辑]

派生词[编辑]

派生词

拓展阅读[编辑]

中古法语[编辑]

词源[编辑]

源自古法语 travail。

名词[编辑]

travail m (复数 travails)

  1. 折磨，痛苦

派生语汇[编辑]

  • 法语：travail

参考资料[编辑]

  • Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (travail, supplement)

古法语[编辑]

词源[编辑]

源自通俗拉丁语 tripalium (“刑具”) ← 拉丁语 tripālis (“有三个桩的”)。对比奥克语 trabalh, 加泰罗尼亚语 treball, 意大利语 travaglio, 葡萄牙语 trabalho, 西班牙语 trabajo。

名词[编辑]

travail m (斜格复数 travauz, 或 travailz, 主格单数 travauz, 或 travailz, 主格复数 travail)

  1. 折磨

派生语汇[编辑]

取自“https://zh.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=travail&oldid=7701528”