publicus

拉丁语

其他形式

• poublicos (早期拉丁语)

词源

源自古拉丁语 poplicus，源自古拉丁语 poplus，其发展为了拉丁语 populus (“人民”)，最终源自原始意大利语 *poplos (“军队”)，其词源不详。

传统上将从-ŏp-到-ūb-的变换解释为同根词pūbēs (“成年人口；青年期；生殖器”)的吸引。另一解释认为这是一个可分为两步的规则发音变换：-p-的浊化，以及-o-到-ou-的拆分（而单元音化为-ū-）。

发音

• (古典) 国际音标^(帮助)：/ˈpuː.bli.kus/, [ˈpuː.blʲɪ.kʊs]
• (教会) 国际音标^(帮助)：/ˈpu.bli.kus/, [ˈpuː.bli.kus]

形容词

pūblicus (阴性 pūblica, 中性 pūblicum); 第一/第二类变格 形容词

1. 人民的、国家的或社会的
   • 58-49 BCE, Gaius Julius Caesar, De Bello Gallico, VI.13.4:

     Illi rebus divinis intersunt, sacrificia publica ac privata procurant, religiones interpretantur.

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

2. 公共的，普遍的

变格

第一/第二类变格 adjective。

数	单数				复数
格 / 性	阳性	阴性	中性		阳性	阴性	中性
主格	pūblicus	pūblica	pūblicum		pūblicī	pūblicae	pūblica
属格	pūblicī	pūblicae	pūblicī		pūblicōrum	pūblicārum	pūblicōrum
与格	pūblicō		pūblicō		pūblicīs
宾格	pūblicum	pūblicam	pūblicum		pūblicōs	pūblicās	pūblica
夺格	pūblicō	pūblicā	pūblicō		pūblicīs
呼格	pūblice	pūblica	pūblicum		pūblicī	pūblicae	pūblica

近义词

• (公共的)： forēnsis

衍生词汇

• pūblica
• pūblicē
• pūblicitus
• pūblicum
• rēspūblica
• vīcus pūblicus

相关词汇

• populus

派生语汇

• 继承：
  • 弗留利语: plóvi (“租佃”)
  • 意大利语: piuvico
  • 那不勒斯语: prubbeco
  • 撒丁语: prúbbicu, púbblicu, púbbricu, plúbicu (古洛古多罗)、frúbbicu
  • 西西里语: prùbbicu、pùbbricu、pùbblicu
  • 威尼斯语: pyóvego (维琴察)
• 借词：
  • → 加泰罗尼亚语: públic
  • → 荷兰语: publiek
  • → 英语: public
  • → 法语: public
  • → 加利西亚语: público
  • → 意大利语: pubblico
  • → 葡萄牙语: público
  • → 罗马尼亚语: public
  • → 俄语: публика (publika), публичный (publičnyj)
  • → 西班牙语: público

名词

pūblicus m (属格 pūblicī); 第二类变格

1. 地方执法官

变格

第二类变格名词。

格	单数	复数
主格	pūblicus	pūblicī
属格	pūblicī	pūblicōrum
与格	pūblicō	pūblicīs
宾格	pūblicum	pūblicōs
夺格	pūblicō	pūblicīs
呼格	pūblice	pūblicī

参考资料

• publicus in Charlton T. Lewis & Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1879
• publicus在Charles du Fresne du Cange的Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• publicus在Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français (拉丁语-法语详解词典), Hachette中的内容
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[3], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • （模糊）to be interred (at the expense of the state, at one's own cost): funere efferri or simply efferri (publice; publico, suo sumptu)
    
  • statesmen: auctores consilii publici
    
  • public land; state domain: ager publicus
    
  • （模糊）in the time of the Republic: libera re publica
    
  • （模糊）to be interred (at the expense of the state, at one's own cost): funere efferri or simply efferri (publice; publico, suo sumptu)
    
  • （模糊）to be cast out unburied: proiici inhumatum (in publicum)
    
  • （模糊）in the streets: in publico
    
  • （模糊）to show oneself in the streets, in public: in publicum prodire (Verr. 2. 1. 31)
    
  • （模糊）to never appear in public: publico carere, se abstinere
    
  • （模糊）at the time of a most satisfactory government: optima re publica
    
  • （模糊）the Republic: libera res publica, liber populus
    
  • （模糊）to hold the first position in the state: principem in re publica locum obtinere
    
  • （模糊）public affairs: negotia publica (Off. 1. 20. 69)
    
  • （模糊）to take part in politics: in re publica or in rebus publicis versari
    
  • （模糊）to retire from public life: a re publica recedere
    
  • （模糊）to shun publicity: publico carere, forum ac lucem fugere
    
  • （模糊）the state is secure: res publica stat (opp. iacet)
    
  • （模糊）for the advantage of the state; in the interests of the state: e re publica (opp. contra rem p.)
    
  • （模糊）the welfare of the state: summa res publica (or summa rei publicae)
    
  • （模糊）the interests of the state: commoda publica or rei publicae rationes
    
  • （模糊）to have the good of the state at heart: bene, optime sentire de re publica
    
  • （模糊）to have the good of the state at heart: omnia de re publica praeclara atque egregia sentire
    
  • （模糊）statesmen: viri rerum civilium, rei publicae gerendae periti or viri in re publica prudentes
    
  • （模糊）an experienced politician: homo in re publica exercitatus
    
  • （模糊）to possess great political insight: plus in re publica videre
    
  • （模糊）a man's policy is aiming at, directed towards..: alicuius in re publica or capessendae rei publicae consilia eo spectant, ut...
    
  • （模糊）to bring a law before the notice of the people: legem proponere in publicum
    
  • （模糊）a political ally: consiliorum in re publica socius
    
  • （模糊）to have the same political opinions: idem de re publica sentire
    
  • （模糊）to hold different views in politics: ab aliquo in re publica dissentire
    
  • （模糊）democracy: imperium populi or populare, civitas or res publica popularis
    
  • （模糊）to betray the interests of the state: a re publica deficere
    
  • （模糊）the public income from the mines: pecunia publica, quae ex metallis redit
    
  • （模糊）let the consuls take measures for the protection of the state: videant or dent operam consules, ne quid res publica detrimenti capiat (Catil. 1. 2. 4)
    
  • （模糊）to let out public works to contract: locare opera publica
    
  • （模糊）the council of the nation; the senate: publicum consilium (Phil. 7.7. 19)
    
  • （模糊）a criminal case: causa publica (Brut. 48. 178)