pig

维基词典，自由的多语言词典
参见：PIG 和 Pig

英语[编辑]

英语维基百科有一篇文章关于：
维基百科 en
维基物种上有信息关于：
Domestic pigs (Sus domesticus)
家猪

词源 1[编辑]

源自中古英语 pigge (“小猪”)（原指小猪，年长猪是swyn），多半源自古英语 *picga（仅可考于picgbrēad (“猪饲料”)等复合词中），源自原始西日耳曼语 *piggō、*puggō (“小猪”)。对比中古荷兰语 pogge、puggen、pigge、pegsken (“猪崽”)、中古低地德语 pugge、pûke (“猪崽”)。本词使用于体重快速增加的动物幼崽，所以其可能是源自动词“to big”，源自中古英语 biggen、byggen，源自古诺尔斯语 byggja、byggva (“建造”)，源自原始日耳曼语 *būwijaną (“建造”)，源自原始印欧语 *bʰuH- (“成为，成长为”)。Pokorny认为词根与*bū-、*bew- (“肿，胀”)有关，以解释“pig”和“big”之间的互换关系。

有时有人指出其与早期现代荷兰语 bigge（现代big (“猪崽”)）、西弗里斯兰语 bigge (“猪崽”)和中古低地德语的相似词有关，但是“发音难以解释”[1]。一些文献指出这些词“多半无关”[2]，其他人认为这一联系“有可能，但无法确定”。[3]

指“警察”的俚语义至晚自1785年起可考[4]。

发音[编辑]

名词[编辑]

pig (可数 和 不可数, 复数 pigs)

  1. 猪，尤指家猪（Sus domesticus）
    近义词： 参见Thesaurus:pig
    The man kept a pen with two pigs that he fed everything from carrots to cabbage.
    （请为本使用例添加中文翻译）
  2. (狭义) 猪崽 (与hog (“成年猪”))
    • 2005 April, Live Swine from Canada, Investigation No. 731-TA-1076 (Final), publication 3766, April 2005, U.S. International Trade Commission ISBN 1457819899, page I-9:
      Weanlings grow into feeder pigs, and feeder pigs grow into slaughter hogs. […] Ultimately the end use for virtually all pigs and hogs is to be slaughtered for the production of pork and other products.
  3. (不可数) 猪肉
    Some religions prohibit their adherents from eating pig.
    （请为本使用例添加中文翻译）
    • 2005, Ross Eddy Osborn, Thorns of a Tainted Rose, →ISBN，页号 196:
      "Miss Chastene, could you fetch me out an extra plate of pig and biscuit. My partner can't do without your marvelous cooking."
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
  4. (不可数) 淡粉色 （家猪皮的颜色）
    pig： 
    • 2019, Bee Smith, Queen Bee's Party
      So far on the streets there's been a lot of metallic pink (the kind of pink as in the shade of pig you get, and this is exactly the shade of the diary I've been writing in) […]
  5. (贬义，俚语) 猪 （吃东西又快又大声的人）
    近义词： 参见Thesaurus:glutton
    You gluttonous pig! Now that you've eaten all the cupcakes, there will be none for the party!
    你这头猪怎么吃那么多！你把所有纸杯蛋糕都吃完了，聚会的时候没得吃了！
  6. (贬义，俚语) 淫荡好色的男人
    She considered him a pig as he invariably stared at her bosom when they talked.
    她觉得他是一个好色之徒，因为他和她说话时总是盯着她的胸部。
  7. (贬义，俚语) 邋遢的人
    He was a pig and his apartment a pigpen; take-away containers and pizza boxes in a long, moldy stream lined his counter tops.
    他非常邋遢，公寓里像个猪圈，里面外卖的盒子和披萨盒散在长长的长满霉的台面上。
  8. (贬义) 猪 （很胖的人）
    近义词： 参见Thesaurus:fat person
  10. (now，主要用于美国，英国，澳大利亚，贬义，俚语) 条子，警察 （源自1785年前）
    近义词： 参见Thesaurus:police officer
    The protester shouted, “Don't give in to the pigs!” as he was arrested.
    （请为本使用例添加中文翻译）
    • 1971, Gil Scott-Heron （作曲作词）, “The Revolution Will Not Be Televised”:
      There will be no pictures of pigs shooting down brothers on the instant replay
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 1989, Dan Simmons, Carrion Comfort, page 359,
      “...Sounds too easy,” Marvin was saying. “What about the pigs?”
      He meant police.
    • 1990, Jay Robert Nash, Encyclopedia of World Crime: Volume 1: A-C, page 198,
      The bank robberies went on and each raid became more bloody, Meinhof encouraging her followers to “kill the pigs” offering the slightest resistance, referring to policemen.
    • 2008, Frank Kusch, Battleground Chicago: The Police and the 1968 Democratic National Convention, page 63,
      Backing 300 of the more aggressive protesters was a supporting cast of several thousand more who stared down the small line of police. Those in front resumed their taunts of “Pig, pig, fascist pig,” and “pigs eat shit, pigs eat shit.” The rest of the crowd, however, backed off and sat down on the grass when reinforcements arrived. Police did not retaliate for the name-calling, and within minutes the line of demonstrators broke apart and the incident was over without violence.113
    • 2011, T. J. English, The Savage City: Race, Murder and a Generation on the Edge, unnumbered page,
      But me, I joined the party to fight the pigs. That′s why I joined. Because my experience with the police was always negative.
    • 2017, “All This”, 演出者 Mayhem (Uptop):
      Got a mind for the undies
      I'm tryna stay far from the pigs
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
  11. (非正式) 难题，棘手的问题
    Hrm... this one's a real pig: I've been banging my head against the wall over it for hours!
    嗯...这个问题真的有点严重了：我把头靠在墙上冥思苦想了好久！
  12. (可数和不可数) 铸块，锭
    The conveyor carried the pigs from the smelter to the freight cars.
    传送带将铸块从锻造炉送至车皮。
    After the ill-advised trade, the investor was stuck with worthless options for 10,000 tons of iron pig.
    （请为本使用例添加中文翻译）
  13. 铸造模子
    The pig was cracked, and molten metal was oozing from the side.
    （请为本使用例添加中文翻译）
  14. 容纳放射性废料的铅制容器
    • 2015, Tom Clynes, The Boy Who Played with Fusion (page 36)
      Taylor also bought a pig—a radiation-shielding container made of thick lead—to stash the most radioactive materials in.
    • 2015, Adrianne Dill Linton, Introduction to Medical-Surgical Nursing (page 394)
      Forceps and a lead container (called a pig) that are routinely placed in the room are used to retrieve and contain the source.
  15. (工程学) 清管器
    Unfortunately, the pig sent to clear the obstruction got lodged in a tight bend, adding to the problem.
    （请为本使用例添加中文翻译）
  16. (美国，军事，俚语) M60机关枪
    Unfortunately, the M60 is about twenty-four pounds and is very unbalanced. You try carrying the pig around the jungle and see how you feel.
    （请为本使用例添加中文翻译）
  17. (不可数) 本词语需要翻译为汉语。请协助添加，并移除{{rfdef}}模板。
  18. (英国，俚语，弃用) 六便士硬币
    近义词： sow's baby
下义词[编辑]
衍生词汇[编辑]
名词“pig”的派生词汇
派生语汇[编辑]
  • 托雷斯海峡克里奥尔语：pig
  • 托克皮辛语：pik
  • → 阿贝纳基语：piks (源自pigs)
  • → 马里希特-帕萨玛奎迪语：piks (源自pigs)

动词[编辑]

pig (第三人称单数简单现在时 pigs, 现在分词 pigging, 一般过去时及过去分词 pigged)

  1. (指猪) 生崽
    The black sow pigged at seven this morning.
    黑猪在今早七点下崽了。
  2. (不及物) 狼吞虎咽
    They were pigging on the free food at the bar.
    他们在酒吧大吃特吃免费食物。
    • 2009, Thomas Pynchon, Inherent Vice, Vintage 2010, page 349:
      "Wow, Doc. That's heavy." Denis sat there pigging on the joint as usual.
  3. (不及物) （像猪一样）挤、靠在一起
  4. (不及物) 拥挤、不整洁地同居
  5. (及物，工程学) 用清管器清洁

词源 2[编辑]

未知。见piggin。

名词[编辑]

pig (复数 pigs)

  1. (苏格兰) 陶器或陶片
  2. 一种暖床用的陶制热水罐
衍生词汇[编辑]

参考资料[编辑]

  1. ↑ A new English dictionary on historical principles
  2. ↑ “pig”, Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present
  3. ↑ M. Philippa: "Big". In: Etymologisch Woordenboek van het Nederlands, 2003-09.
  4. ↑ 2003, Victoria Fromkin, Robert Rodman, Nina M. Hyams, An Introduction to Language, page 474 — Similarly, the use of the word pig for “policeman” goes back at least as far as 1785, when a writer of the time called a Bow Street police officer a “China Street pig.”

异序词[编辑]

丹麦语[编辑]

词源[编辑]

源自古诺尔斯语 pík，源自原始日耳曼语 *pīkaz, *pikkaz，与英语 pike同源。pik的同源对似词。

发音[编辑]

名词[编辑]

pig c (定单数 piggen, 不定复数 pigge)

  1. 尖刺
  2. 倒钩
  3. 刺毛，棘刺
  4. 刺

变格[编辑]

pig 的变格
通性 单数 复数
不定 定 不定 定
主格
与格
宾格 		pig piggen pigge piggene
属格 pigs piggens pigges piggenes

低地苏格兰语[编辑]

词源[编辑]

源自中古英语 pigge、pygge，源自古英语 *picga (“小猪”)，参见英语 pig。

“罐子”一意源自中古英语 pygg，可能是其引申义。

名词[编辑]

pig (复数 pigs)

  1. 猪
  2. 罐子，陶罐

衍生词汇[编辑]

托雷斯海峡克里奥尔语[编辑]

词源[编辑]

源自英语 pig。

名词[编辑]

pig

  1. 猪
    近义词： pwaka

威尔士语[编辑]

Gwylan â'i phig ar led

词源[编辑]

可能源自中古英语 pyke (“尖端”)。与布列塔尼语 beg同源。

发音[编辑]

名词[编辑]

pig f (复数 pigau)

  1. 喙
  2. 尖端
  3. 喷嘴

衍生词汇[编辑]

辅音变化[编辑]

辅音变化
原型 浊化 鼻音化 清音化
pig big mhig phig
注意：有些形式仅是推测，不是每种形式都一定存在。

延伸阅读[编辑]

R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “pig”, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

取自“https://zh.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=pig&oldid=7526824”