patrol

英语

发音

• (标准英音) 国际音标^(帮助)：/pəˈtɹəʊl/
• (通用美式) 国际音标^(帮助)：/pəˈtɹoʊl/
• 韵部：-əʊl

• （英国）音频

  （文档）

其他形式

• patrole (弃用)

词源 1

源自法语 patrouille，源自古法语 patrouille、patouille (“守夜”, 字面意思是“四处走”)，源自patrouiller、patouiller、patoiller (“蹚水；弄脏”)，源自patte、pate (“蹄”)，源自通俗拉丁语 *patta (“爪，脚”)，源自古法兰克语 *patta (“爪子，脚底”)，源自原始日耳曼语 *paþjaną、*paþōną (“走，踏”)，可能源自原始印欧语 *(s)pent-、*(s)pat- (“径；走”)，原始印欧语 *pent-、*pat- (“径；走”)的变体。见find。同源词包括荷兰语 pad、patte (“爪”)、低地德语 pedden (“走，踏”)、德语 patschen (“泼溅，蹚水；摇晃着走”)、德语 Patsche (“拍子；爪；水洼”)。与pad、path有关。

名词

patrol (可数 和 不可数, 复数 patrols)

1. (军事) 巡逻

   Four members of the squadron were on patrol.

   中队有4名队员在巡逻。

   • 1899, Louis Becke and Walter Jeffery, Admiral Phillip Chapter 7

     The watch consisted of twelve convicts—men selected for their good behaviour. Immediately after tattoo had beat they began their patrol. 'No complaint was ever made of them,' remarks Phillip, and they were expressly cautioned to avoid disputes with soldiers or seamen ( many of whom were as great thieves as the convicts themselves).

2. (军事) 巡查，搜查，排查
3. (军事) 巡逻队
   • 1919, Eddie Rickenbacker, “Chapter 7”, 出自 Fighting the Flying Circus:

     After cordial good-bye to our hospitable hostess we motored back to Chaumont where we dined with Colonel Mitchell; and then with another long drive we finally reached home tired but happy at 3.30 in the morning. There staring me in the face was an order directing me to lead my patrol over the lines in the morning at five o'clock, sharp! An hour and a half sleep for an utterly worn out aviator!

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

4. (公安) 巡逻队
5. 巡逻

   a customs patrol

   海关巡查

   a fire patrol

   消防巡逻

   • 1787-1788, Alexander Hamilton, The Federalist Papers

     In France there is an army of patrols […] to secure her fiscal regulations.

   • 2013 8月 24, “Boots on the street”, 出自 The Economist, 卷 408, 期 8850:

     Philadelphia’s foot-patrol strategy was developed after a study in 2009 by criminologists from Temple University, which is in the 22nd district. A randomised trial overturned the conventional view that foot patrols make locals like the police more and fear crime less, but do not actually reduce crime. In targeted areas, violent crime decreased by 23%.

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

6. (童军) 小队 （童子军中队的一个单位，一般由6到8人组成）
   • 1913, anonymous author, Boy Scouts and What They Do/Object of Scouting:

     On a makeshift bed in the corner was an old woman looking very sick. Then a patrol of "Missioner" Scouts appeared on the scene: one seized a broom and swept out the room; the next made up the fire with some fuel he had procured and made her a cup of tea; another mended the rickety table, bed and chair, making them at any rate serviceable, while a fourth straightened out the bedclothes, propped the old lady up, and did his best to cheer her until the tea was ready.

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

   • 1920, Lord Baden-Powell of Gilwell, Aids To Scoutmastership‎^[1]，页号 24:

     The formation of the boys into Patrols of from six to eight and training them as separate units each under its own responsible leader is the key to a good Troop.

     （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

衍生词汇

• combat air patrol
• dawn patrol
• donut patrol
• nonpatrol
• patrol boat
• patrol car
• patrol leader
• patrolman
• patrol officer
• patrolperson
• patrol ship
• patrol vehicle
• patrolwoman
• saturation patrol
• senior patrol leader
• shore patrol
• ski patrol

词源 2

源自法语 patrouiller，源自古法语 patrouiller (“蹚水；四处走；巡逻”)，源自patte (“爪子”)。

动词

patrol (第三人称单数简单现在时 patrols, 现在分词 patrolling, 一般过去时及过去分词 patrolled)

1. (不及物) 巡逻，巡查
2. (及物) 巡逻，在...巡查

   to patrol a frontier

   在边疆巡逻

   to patrol a beat

   在管区巡逻

   • April 8 1997, Bill Clinton, Proclamation 6983

     Whether attempting to keep the peace in Bosnia, evacuating American citizens from Albania, or patrolling the world's seas and skies, our service men and women risk capture by unfriendly foreign forces.

衍生词汇

• patrollable
• patroller

延伸阅读

• “patrol”, Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, OCLC 800618302
• “patrol”, The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, OCLC 867766587
• OneLook 在线词典 上有关 patrol 的释义

异序词

• Portal, portal, pratol

波兰语

词源

借自法语 patrouille，源自中古法语 patrouille，源自古法语 patrouille。

发音

• 国际音标^(帮助)：/ˈpat.rɔl/

• 音频

  （文档）

• 韵部：-atrɔl
• 音节化：pat‧rol

名词

patrol m 无生

1. (军事) 巡逻
2. (军事) 巡查，搜查
3. (军事) 巡逻队，巡逻队队员

变格

patrol的变格

	单数	复数
主格	patrol	patrole
属格	patrolu	patroli
与格	patrolowi	patrolom
宾格	patrol	patrole
工具格	patrolem	patrolami
方位格	patrolu	patrolach
呼格	patrolu	patrole

衍生词汇

形容词

• patrolowy

 

名词

• patrolowiec

 

动词

• patrolować
• spatrolować

 

延伸阅读

• 参见patrol 在 Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN 中的内容
• 参见波兰语词典PWN上有关patrol的内容