of

维基词典，自由的多语言词典
参见：OF、of-、Of-、OF.、óf、òf 和 ôf

英语[编辑]

词源1[编辑]

来自中古英语 of，来自古英语 of (“从、自”)，af的非重音形式，æf (“从、离、离开”)，来自原始日耳曼语 *ab (“离开；远离”)。off的同源对似词，为古英语单词的重音派生词。参见off。

替代写法[编辑]

发音[编辑]

介词[编辑]

英语维基百科有一篇文章关于：
维基百科 en

of

  1. 表达距离或移动。
    1. (现已弃用或方言) 从（远处、方向），等同于“off”。（自西元9世纪）
    2. (弃用仅用于短语) 此后，从（特定时间，先前的情况等）。（自西元9世纪）
      • 1526, William Tyndale, trans. Bible, Mark IX:
        And he axed his father: howe longe is it agoo, sens this hath happened hym? And he sayde, of a chylde.
      • 1616, William Shakespeare, Two Gentlemen of Verona, IV.4:
        one that I brought vp of a puppy[...]I was sent to deliuer him, as a present to Mistris Siluia, from my Master.
      • 2010 July 29, Simon Tisdall, The Guardian:
        Obama has been obliged to make nice of late in hope of rescuing the moribund two-state process and preventing resumed West Bank settlement building.
    3. 从，远离（位置、人群、距离等）。（自西元10世纪）
      There are no shops within twenty miles of the cottage.
      村舍方圆二十哩以内没有商店。
      • 1932 September 30, Time:
        Though Washington does not officially recognize Moscow, the Hoover Administration permits a Soviet Russian Information Bureau to flourish in a modest red brick house on Massachusetts Avenue, within a mile of the White House.
      • 2010 November 7, The Guardian:
        There are now upwards of 1.4 million 99ers in America facing a life with no benefits and few prospects for finding a job in a market in which companies are still not hiring.
    4. (加拿大、美国, 苏格兰, 爱尔兰) 表示差多少分钟到几整点。（自西元19世纪）
      What's the time? / Nearly a quarter of three.
      现在几点？ / 差不多三点差一刻。
      • 1940 June 17, "Little Bull Booed", Time:
        "Fellow Democrats," he began, "I left Washington at a quarter of two this morning [...]."
      • 1982, TC Boyle, Water Music, Penguin, 2006, page 194:
        Quarter of seven. Fifteen minutes to go.
  2. 表达分离。
    1. 表示去除、缺少或分离，谓语用及物动词，带宾语。 （自10世纪）
      Finally she was relieved of the burden of caring for her sick husband.
      最后，她终于卸下了照顾生病丈夫的重担。
      • Template:RQ:Mlry MrtDrthr
      • 1603, Michel de Montaigne, 译者 John Florio, The Essayes […], London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:
        , II.1:
        Antigonus [took] upon him to favour a souldier of his by reason of his vertue and valour, to have great care of him, and see whether they could recover him of a lingering and inward disease which had long tormented him [...].
      • 1816 February 20, Jane Austen, Letter:
        I am almost entirely cured of my rheumatism—just a little pain in my knee now and then, to make me remember what it was, and keep on flannel.
      • 1951, Time, 3 September:
        In Houston, ten minutes after the Lindquist Finance Corp. was robbed of $447, Office Manager Howard Willson got a phone call from the thief who complained: "You didn't have enough money over there."
    2. 表示去除、缺少或分离，结果状态用形容词 （自10世纪）
      He seemed devoid of human feelings.
      他似乎缺乏人类情感。
      • 1731 August 28, Jonathan Swift, Letter:
        But schemes are perfectly accidental: some will appear barren of hints and matter, but prove to be fruitful [...].
      • 2010 October 31, Stuart James, The Guardian:
        Yet for long spells Villa looked laboured and devoid of ideas.
    3. (弃用) 表示去除、缺少或分离，谓语用不及物动词。 （14-19世纪）
      • 1822, Jacob Bailey Moore, New Hampshire, volume 1, page 5:
        He was kindly treated by the people at Saco, and recovered of his wounds.
  3. 表达起源。
    1. 表达起源、先祖。 （自9世纪）
      The word is believed to be of Japanese origin.
      一般认为这个词来自日语。
      • 1526, William Tyndale, trans. Bible, Acts II:
        They wondred all, and marveylled sayinge amonge themselves: Loke, are not all these which speake off galile? And howe heare we every man his awne tongue wherein we were boren?
      • 1954, The Rotarian, volume 85:6:
        My father was born of a family of weavers in Manchester, England.
      • 2010, "The Cost of Repair", The Economist:
        Nothing may come of these ideas, yet their potential should not be dismissed.
    2. 用于别称，表示人的出生地、住处、所在国或其他与之相关的地名。
      Jesus of Nazareth
      拿撒勒的耶稣（接家乡）
      Anselm of Canterbury
      坎特伯雷的安瑟莫（接所在教区）
      Anselm of Aosta
      奥斯塔的安瑟莫（接出生地）
      Anselm of Bec
      贝克的安瑟莫（接所在修道院）
      Pedro II of Brazil
      巴西的佩德罗二世（接统治区域）
      Mrs Miggins of Gasworks Road, Mudchester
      住在马切斯特煤气厂路的米金斯女士（接住处）
    3. 表示动作或情感的来源；引出原因、起因；出于，因为 （自9世纪）
      The invention was born of necessity.
      这项发明是因其必然性而诞生的。
      • Template:RQ:Mlry MrtDrthr
      • 1803, John Smalley, Sermons:
        Undoubtedly it is to be understood, that inflicting deserved punishment on all evil doers, of right, belongs to God.
      • 2008 December 3, Rowenna Davis, The Guardian:
        The woman who danced for me said she was there of her own free will, but when I pushed a bit further, I discovered that she "owed a man a lot of money", and had to pay it back quickly.
    4. (接不及物动词) 表示动作的来源或原因。 （自10世纪）
      It is said that she died of a broken heart.
      据说她死于悲伤过度。
      • 2006, Joyce Carol Oates, The Female of the Species:
        He smelled of beer and cigarette smoke and his own body.
      • 2010 October 5, Rebecca Omonira-Oyekanmi, The Guardian:
        Two men, one from Somalia and one from Zimbabwe, died of terminal illnesses shortly after their incarceration ended.
    5. (接形容词) 表示形容词修饰的主语或原因。 （自13世纪）
      I am tired of all this nonsense.
      我已经厌倦了这些胡言乱语。
      • 2010 September 23, Bagehot, The Economist:
        Lib Dems were appalled by Mr Boles’s offer, however kindly meant: the party is so frightened of losing its independence under Mr Clegg that such a pact would “kill” him, says a senior member.
      • 2015, Vincent J. M. DiMaio, Gunshot Wounds:
        Thus, one finds individuals dead of a gunshot wound with potentially lethal levels of drugs.
  4. 表示施事。
    1. (接动词被动形) 表示动作发出的主体（现在一般后接by）。 （自9世纪）
      I am not particularly enamoured of this idea.
      我不是很喜欢这个想法。
      • 1526, William Tyndale, trans. Bible, Acts IX:
        After a good while, the iewes toke cousell amonge themselves to kyll him. But their layinges awayte wer knowen of Saul.
      • 1603, Michel de Montaigne, 译者 John Florio, The Essayes […], London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:
        , II.1:
        she might appeare to be the lively patterne of another Lucrece, yet know I certainly that, both before that time and afterward, she had beene enjoyed of others upon easier composition.
      • 1995, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, The Family: A Proclamation to the World:
        The family is ordained of God.
      • 2008 March 27, "Selling rhythm to the world", The Economist:
        Colombia and Venezuela share an elegantly restrained style, with much back-stepping, smaller hand-movements and little use of the elaborate, arm-tangling moves beloved of Cuban dancers.
    2. 用于引出“主语所有格”；接名词，组成名词短语的后置修饰语 （也请参见下方的“属有”义项）。 （自13世纪）
      The contract can be terminated at any time with the agreement of both parties.
      只要两党都能同意，协定可以随时达成。
      • 1994, Paul Coates, Film at the Intersection of High and Mass Culture, page 136:
        In Blood and Sand, meanwhile, Valentino repeatedly solicits the attention of women who have turned away from him.
      • 2009 December 28, "Head to head", The Economist:
        Somehow Croatia has escaped the opprobrium of the likes of the German Christian Democrats and others that are against any rapid enlargement of the European Union to the include rest of the western Balkans.
    3. (接形容词) 表示形容词所描述之物的施事者。 （自16世纪）
      It was very brave of you to speak out like that.
      你那样大胆说出来，很勇敢。
      • 1815, Jane Austen, Emma:
        When this was over, Mr. Woodhouse gratefully observed,—"It is very kind of you, Mr. Knightley, to come out at this late hour to call upon us."
      • 2007 January 10, Dorian Lynskey, The Guardian:
        Morrissey's spokesperson says he is considering the offer. It would perhaps be rude of him to decline.
  5. 表达构成、物质。
    1. (接于表示建设、制造的动词后) 表示材料，制造所需的物质。 （自9世纪）
      Many 'corks' are now actually made of plastic.
      现在的许多“软木塞”实际上是用塑料做的。
      • 1846, Herman Melville, Typee:
        The mallet is made of a hard heavy wood resembling ebony, is about twelve inches in length, and perhaps two in breadth, with a rounded handle at one end [...].
    2. (直接置于名词后) 表示前述物体制作所需的材料。 （自10世纪）
      She wore a dress of silk.
      她穿着一席丝绸裙子。
      • 2010 January 23, Simon Mawer, The Guardian:
        Perhaps symbolically, Van Doesburg was building a house of straw: he died within a few months of completion, not in Meudon but in Davos, of a heart attack following a bout of asthma.
    3. 表示集合名词的组成。 （自12世纪）
      What a lot of nonsense!
      胡扯了一大通！
      • 1853, William Makepeace Thackeray, Barry Lyndon:
        His papers at this period contain a mass of very unedifying and uninteresting documents [...].
      • 2010 October 31, Polly Vernon, The Guardian:
        I'd expected to be confronted by oodles of barely suppressed tension and leather-clad, pouty-mouthed, large-haired sexiness; the visual shorthand of rock gods in general, and Jon Bon Jovi in particular.
    4. 表示某事物是一类事物中的典型例子。 （自12世纪）
      Welcome to the historic town of Harwich.
      欢迎来到哈里奇古镇。
      • 1719, Daniel Defoe, Robinson Crusoe:
        This having the rainy month of March and April to water it, sprung up very pleasantly, and yielded a very good crop [...].
      • 2010 October 30, Maya Jaggi, The Guardian:
        In his studio in the Behlendorf woods, near the Baltic city of Lübeck, Günter Grass reflects on the outcry over his fictive memoir Peeling the Onion.
    5. 连接两个差不多同位的名词，前一名词修饰后一名词。 （自14世纪）
      I'm not driving this wreck of a car.
      我才不开这破车。
      • 1911, Katherine Mansfield, In a German Pension:
        As he swallowed the soup his heart warmed to this fool of a girl.
      • 2010 August 22, Sean O'Hagan, The Guardian:
        "I'm having a bitch of a day," he says, after ordering a restorative pint of Guinness and flopping down in a seat by the front window.
  6. 表示主题。
    1. 连接动词（一般与想、感受、表达等有关）和主语、主题；有关，关于 （自10世纪）
      I'm always thinking of you.
      我总是在想着你。
      • 1815, Jane Austen, Emma:
        he spoke of his uncle with warm regard, was fond of talking of him [...].
      • Template:RQ:Eliot Middlemarch
      • 2010 October 19, Rebecca Seal, The Guardian:
        while producing Cook, which includes more than 250 seasonal recipes by 80 different chefs, we washed up more than 500 times (oh, how I dreamed of dishwashers).
    2. (接名词（现在基本用于表示知识、交流等的名词）) 引出主题；有关，关于 （自12世纪）
      He told us the story of his journey to India.
      他告诉我们他去印度旅行时的故事。
      • 2010 October 21, The Economist:
        Recession and rising unemployment have put paid to most thoughts of further EU enlargement.
    3. (接形容词) 引出主题。 （自15世纪）
      This behaviour is typical of teenagers.
      这是青少年的典型行为。
      • 1851, Herman Melville, Moby-Dick:
        The same secludedness and isolation to which the schoolmaster whale betakes himself in his advancing years, is true of all aged Sperm Whales.
  7. 表示部分。
    1. (接数词或其他表示数量的词) 引出部分所从属的整体。 （自9世纪）
      Most of these apples are rotten.
      这些苹果大部分都烂掉了。
      • Template:RQ:Mlry MrtDrthr:
        But as for me said sire Gareth I medle not of their maters therfore there is none of them that loueth me / And for I vnderstande they be murtherers of good knyghtes I lefte theyre company
      • 1789, Edward Gibbon, Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, volume 6:
        The dead bodies of the Koreish were despoiled and insulted; two of the most obnoxious prisoners were punished with death [...].
      • 2010 November 10, Michael Wood, The Guardian:
        Many of the civilisational achievements of Mesopotamia are the product of that symbiosis.
    2. (接名词) 表示范围内的一部分。 （自9世纪）
      • 2005, Naomi Wolf, The Treehouse, page 58:
        everyone, even the ladies of the village, called the dish tzigayner shmeklekh, or “gypsies' penises.”
        村里的所有人，甚至女士们都将这道菜称作“tzigayner shmeklekh”，即“吉普赛人的鸡巴”。
      • 2006, Norman Mailer, The Big Empty:
        That, I think, is the buried core of the outrage people feel most generally.
    3. (现在为古旧, 书面, 后接所要修饰的名词，或接在 to be 之后作表语) 一个，一些 （自9世纪）
      On the whole, they seem to be of the decent sort.
      总体来说，他们还算体面。
      • 1526, William Tyndale, trans. Bible, Matthew XXV:
        And the folysshe sayde to the wyse: geve us of youre oyle, for oure lampes goo out?
      • Template:RQ:Keats Lamia
      • 1846, James Fenimore Cooper, The Redskins:
        Dunning, however, is of the old school, and does not like new faces; so he will have no Irishman at his door [...].
    4. 连接名词或代词所有格，表示部分（不过现在经常和“属有”义合并）。 （自13世纪）
      He is a friend of mine.
      他是我的朋友。
      (字面意思是“他是我朋友中的一个。”)
      • 1893, Oscar Wilde, A Woman of No Importance, IV:
        He is just what I should have liked a son of mine to be.
      • 2010 August 27, Michael Tomasky, The Guardian:
        In its flattering way, the press tried to invest this habit of Bush's with the sense that it was indicative of a particularly sharp wit.
  8. 表示属有。
    1. 属于、存在或发生在某地、某时。对比“起源”义。 （自9世纪）
      He was perhaps the most famous scientist of the twentieth century.
      他可能是20世纪最负盛名的科学家。
      • 1774, Edward Long, The History of Jamaica. Or, General Survey of the Antient and Modern State of that Island, volume 2, book 2, chapter 7, 5:
        The building was erected in two years, at the parochial expence, on the foundation of the former one, which was irreparably damaged by the hurricane of Auguſt, 1712.
      • 1908, EF Benson, The Blotting Book:
        Thus, as he dressed, the thoughts and the rage of yesterday began to stir and move in his mind again.
      • 2003 August 20, Julian Borger, The Guardian:
        Within ten seconds, the citizens of New York, Cleveland, Detroit and Toronto were being given first-hand experience of what it was like to live in the nineteenth century.
    2. 经由产权、控制等而属于（某地） （自9世纪）
      The owner of the nightclub was arrested.
      夜店店主遭到逮捕。
      • 1977 October 28, The Guardian:
        In a much-anticipated radio broadcast the Duke of Edinburgh said last night that Britain will be a grim place in the year 2000 [...].
      • 2001, Dictionary of National Biography, 2001, page 27:
        The third son, William John (1826-1902), was headmaster of the Boys' British School, Hitchin [...].
    3. 因具有某种特征而属于（某物或某人）；“属格所有形”。（对于抽象名词，和“主语所有格”有交叉。） （自13世纪）
      Keep the handle of the saucepan away from the flames.
      保持煮锅的柄不靠近火焰。
      • 1933, Havelock Ellis, Psychology of Sex, volume 4:
        The breasts of young girls sometimes become tender at puberty in sympathy with the evolution of the sexual organs [...].
      • 2010 October 29, Marina Hyde, The Guardian:
        It amounts to knocking on the door of No 10 then running away.
  9. 组成“宾语所有格”。
    1. 接施事名词、动名词或动作名词。 （自12世纪）
      She had a profound distrust of the police.
      她深深地不信任警方。
      • 1611, Bible, Authorized Version, Matthew IV:
        And he saith unto them, Follow me, and I will make you fishers of men.
      • 2000, Sheila Ruth, Issues in Feminism:
        Antifeminism has been a credible cover and an effective vehicle because the hatred of women is not politically anathema on either the Right or the Left.
  10. 表达性格或品格。
    1. (现在为古旧或书面) 连接形容词与名词/名词短语，组成准状语修饰词；至于，关于 （自13世纪）
      My companion seemed affable and easy of manner.
      我的同伴看起来友善随和。
      • 1917, Zane Gray, Wildfire, page 35:
        He was huge, raw-boned, knotty, long of body and long of leg, with the head of a war charger.
      • 2004 August 11, Sean Ingle, The Guardian:
        Still nimble of mind and fleet of foot, Morris buzzed here and there, linking well and getting stuck in at every opportunity.
    2. 表示品质或特征。 （自13世纪）
      Pooh was said to be a bear of very little brain.
      据说维尼熊是一头不太聪明的熊。
      • 1891, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, The Boscombe Valley Mystery:
        His frank acceptance of the situation marks him as either an innocent man, or else as a man of considerable self-restraint and firmness.
      • 1951, Jacob Bronowski, The Common Sense of Science:
        No other man has made so deep a mark on his time and on our world unless he has been a man of action, a Cromwell or a Napoleon.
    3. 表示数量、年龄、价格等。 （自13世纪）
      We have been paying interest at a rate of 10%.
      我们的利率是10%。
      • 1903, Frank Norris, The Pit, Doubleday 1924, page 4:
        She was a tall young girl of about twenty-two or three, holding herself erect and with fine dignity.
      • 2006, Serway & Jewett, Principles of Physics, page 428:
        A police car, traveling southbound at a speed of 40.0 m/s, approaches with its siren producing sound at a frequency of 2 500 Hz.
    4. (美国, 非正式, 部分人认为是错误用法) 连接单数不定名词（前接不定冠词）和定语形容词（由程度副词修饰）。
      It's not that big of a deal.
      没什么大不了的。
      • 1990，Mary Crain，“The Social Construction of National Identity in Highland Ecuador”，出自 Anthropological Quarterly，卷号61，期号1, 页号43:
        Such hegemonic projects often appropriate certain local traditions and re-inscribe them as "national," while dismissing other traditions which pose too great of a threat to the reproduction of the existing socio-political order.
      • 1998, Lyle McDonald, The Ketogenic Diet: A Complete Guide for the Dieter and Practitioner，页号 98:
        For some individuals, even 1000 calories/day may be too great of a deficit.
      • 2017，Jean Reith Schroedel; Artour Aslanian，“A Case Study of Descriptive Representation: The Experience of Native American Elected Officials in South Dakota”，出自 American Indian Quarterly，卷号41，期号3, 页号278:
        While it is quite obvious that the state continues to try and dilute the voting power of Native Americans, at least as big of a challenge is the need for mobilizing Native American voters.
  11. 表达时间点。
    1. (主要用于方言) ……的期间，现在多用于重复或常规的事情。 （自9世纪）
      Of an evening, we would often go for a stroll along the river.
      晚上我们经常沿着河边散步。
      • Template:RQ:Dickens TTG
        For, sometimes of an afternoon when Miss Pupford has been reading the paper through her little gold eye-glass[...]she has become agitated [...].
      • 1897, Henry James, What Maisie Knew:
        If there was a type Ida despised, Sir Claude communicated to Maisie, it was the man who pottered about town of a Sunday [...].
    2. (英国方言, 主要用于否定句) 表示时间的长度。 （自13世纪）
      I've not tekken her out of a goodly long while.
      我带她出来没多久。
    3. (名词后) 表示状态、活动等的持续时间。 （自18世纪）
      After a delay of three hours, the plane finally took off.
      在延误三小时过后，飞机终于起飞。
      • 2011 March 2, Grant McCabe, The Sun:
        The cab driver's claim he was sleepwalking during the attack has already been supported by his wife of 37 years.
使用说明[编辑]
  • (属于)： 对于人，一般会直接用所有格形式。
  • (组成，制成)： of 可以直接与动词或形容词短语连用。
  • 现代英语逐渐少用 of 修饰名词，转用名词 + 名词的结构。对比 part of speech (“词类”)（16世纪） vs. word class (“词类”)（20世纪），Federal Bureau of Investigation（“联邦调查局”，1908年） vs. Central Intelligence Agency（“中央情报局”，1947年），affairs of the world（18世纪） vs. world affairs（“国际事务”，20世纪）。
  • of 连接名词和被某些副词修饰的定语形容词时，可以被省略。这个用法中可用的副词包括too、so、how、as、more、less、this、that。
衍生词[编辑]
相关词[编辑]

参见[编辑]

词源2[编辑]

/əv/的拼写，受到词源1的影响。

动词[编辑]

of

  1. (一般用于表示完成时之义) have 或 ’ve 的视觉方言，一般用于表示口语。
    • 1926, F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, Penguin 2000, page 33:
      "I had a woman up here last week to look at my feet, and when she have been the bill you'd of thought she had my appendicitus out."
    • 1943, Raymond Chandler, The High Window, Penguin 2005, page 87:
      ‘You must of left your door unlocked. Or even open.’
    • 1992, Neal Stephenson, Snow Crash, Bantam Spectra, page 340:
      "You couldn't of known," Livio says.

延伸阅读[编辑]

回文构词[编辑]

南非语[编辑]

词源[编辑]

源自荷兰语 of，源自中古荷兰语 of、ofte。

发音[编辑]

连词[编辑]

of

  1. 或者
  2. 是否

荷兰语[编辑]

词源[编辑]

来自中古荷兰语 of、ofte。中古荷兰语中此二词合并；of 派生自古荷兰语 of，源自原始日耳曼语 *jabai。

发音[编辑]

连词[编辑]

of

  1. (并列连词) 或者
    Wil je thee, of heb je liever koffie?
    你想喝茶还是喝咖啡？
  2. (从属连词) 是否
    Ik weet niet of dat wel zo'n goed idee is.
    我不知道这是不是个好主意。
  3. (of ... of) 要么……要么……
    Je kan kiezen: of je bent stil, of je vertrekt.
    给你两个选择：要么闭嘴，要么滚。
  4. (of ... of dat) 是……还是……
    Ik weet niet of ik moet vertrekken of dat ik het haar moet uitleggen.
    我不知道是该走还是该给她解释。

衍生词[编辑]

派生词[编辑]

  • 南非语：of
  • 泽西荷兰语：ov, of
  • Negerhollands：of
  • → 帕皮阿门托语：òf, of

德国低地德语[编辑]

词源1[编辑]

来自中古低地德语 af，来自古撒克逊语 af，来自原始西日耳曼语 *ab，来自原始日耳曼语 *ab。参见off。

介词[编辑]

of

  1. 熊

副词[编辑]

of

  1. 远，离
  2. 关

形容词[编辑]

of

  1. 关著的

词源2[编辑]

来自古撒克逊语 eftha。

连词[编辑]

of

  1. àder的另一种写法

冰岛语[编辑]

词源[编辑]

来自古诺尔斯语 [具体何词?]，来自原始日耳曼语 *uber。原始完整形见于前缀形式ofur- (“非常”)。与yfir (“在上方”)、ofan (“从上方”)有关。

发音[编辑]

副词[编辑]

of

  1. 太，过
    Ég er of falleg.
    我真是太漂亮了。（女性用语）
    Ég er of fallegur.
    我真是太漂亮了。（男性用语）

日语[编辑]

词源[编辑]

来自英语 of（X of X 中的 of）。

发音[编辑]

助词[编辑]

of(オブ) • (obu) 

  1. (非正式) 用于表示范例、典型。
    勇(ゆう)者(しゃ)オブ勇(ゆう)者(しゃ)の○○さん
    yūsha obu yūsha no ○○ san
    勇者中的勇者，XX
    キモいof(オブ)キモい
    kimoi obu kimoi
    极其恶心
    (字面意思为“恶心中的恶心”)

参见[编辑]

  • ザ (za, 功能相似, 字面意思为“the”)

卢森堡语[编辑]

替代写法[编辑]

  • af, uef (两者皆方言)

词源[编辑]

源自中古高地德语 af、ave，源自古高地德语 ava，aba的北部变体，源自原始日耳曼语 *ab。与德语 ab、荷兰语 af、英语 of、off同源。规则变化本应作af (< af) 和 uef (< ave)。of 的词形可能是两种词形的折中；若非如此，则可能来自不规则长音形 中古高地德语 *āf、*āve。

发音[编辑]

副词[编辑]

of

  1. (一般用于复合词) 离；下

中古荷兰语[编辑]

词源1[编辑]

来自古荷兰语 of。

连词[编辑]

of

  1. 是否
用法说明[编辑]

有时会与ofte混淆。

派生词[编辑]
  • 荷兰语：of
  • 林堡语：óf

词源2[编辑]

副词[编辑]

of

  1. af的另一种写法

延伸阅读[编辑]

中古英语[编辑]

词源1[编辑]

来自古英语 of，af、æf (“从，离”)的非重读形式，源自原始西日耳曼语 *ab，源自原始日耳曼语 *ab (“远，离”)。

介词[编辑]

of

  1. 参见英语章节的义项。
    • c. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales, General Prologue，行号s 1-3:
      Whan that Aprill, with his shoures soote
      The droghte of March hath perced to the roote
      四月甘霖降下
      驱散三月根系忍受的干旱
替代写法[编辑]
派生语汇[编辑]
  • 英语：of
  • 低地苏格兰语：o
  • 约拉语：af

来源[编辑]

词源2[编辑]

来自古英语 æf。

副词[编辑]

of

  1. 离
替代写法[编辑]
派生语汇[编辑]
  • 英语：off
  • 低地苏格兰语：aff

来源[编辑]

词源3[编辑]

oth的变体，来自古英语 oþ。

连词[编辑]

of

  1. 直到
替代写法[编辑]

来源[编辑]

词源4[编辑]

thof（though的变体）的词首音脱落，源自古英语 þēah。

连词[编辑]

of

  1. 然而，虽然

来源[编辑]

古荷兰语[编辑]

词源[编辑]

(此词的语源缺失或不完整。请协助添加，或在茶室进行讨论。)

连词[编辑]

of

  1. 是否

派生语汇[编辑]

  • 中古荷兰语：of

延伸阅读[编辑]

  • “of”, Oudnederlands Woordenboek [古荷兰语词典]‎[1], 2012

古英语[编辑]

词源[编辑]

æf的无重音读法。

发音[编辑]

介词[编辑]

of [+与格]

  1. 从，自
    Hē is of þām ilcan wīċe swā iċ.
    他和我来自同一个村庄。
  2. 出
    Of þām ǣġe crēap ān lȳtel and swīðe hungriġ trēowwyrm.
    一只非常饥饿的小毛虫走出卵壳。
    • The Life of Saint Margaret
      Iċ nylle nān word mā of þīnum mūðe ġehīeran.
      我不想再从你嘴里听到任何词。
    • 10世纪晚期, Ælfric, On the Seasons of the Year
      Swā swā fiscas cwelaþ gif hīe of wætre bēoþ, swā ēac cwileþ ǣlċ eorðliċ līchama gif hē biþ þǣre lyfte bedǣled.
      就像鱼离开水会死，陆上的动物没有空气也无法活。
  3. 离
    • 10世纪晚期, Ælfric, Esther
      Sē cyning slīepte his bēag of.
      国王把他的指环滑落了。
  4. 由（表示作品的制作者）

使用 注意[编辑]

  • 虽然本词也是现代英语“of”的来源，不过古英语中没有这种现代英语的表达，在盎格鲁-萨克逊语中一般会用属格：
    Dēaðes god man sċeal ofslēan and mann undēadlīcne dōn（“必须要杀掉死神，让人类永生”；现代英语作“The god of death must be killed and man made immortal”）。
    Iċ hine huntiġe oþ eorðan endas（“我会追杀他直到天涯海角”；现代英语作“I'll hunt him to the ends of the Earth”）。
  • 有时翻译成现代英语的“of”，其原义也是“从”或“出、离”：
    sē weall is ġeworht of tiġelan and eorþteorwe（“墙是用砖和沥青做的”；现代英语作“the wall is made of brick and asphalt”）。
    Sē Hǣlend sċolde bēon of fǣmnan ġeboren（“据说是一名处女生下了耶稣”；现代英语作“Jesus was supposedly born of a virgin”）。
  • of 在古英语中不表达现代英语的“about”之义。“讲起”（think of）、“说起”（speak of）一类的短语会用be 或 ymb。
  • 表示“出于”某种感情而做事，一般用for：
    Þætte for lufum ġedōn biþ þæt ġewierþ simle beġeondan gōde and yfele（“出于爱所做的是往往会超越善恶”；现代英语作“What is done out of love always takes place beyond good and evil”）。

派生词[编辑]

  • 中古英语：of
    • 低地苏格兰语：o
    • 英语：of

古诺尔斯语[编辑]

介词[编辑]

of

  1. 在……之上

来源[编辑]

  • (+ 宾格) “of”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

古撒克逊语[编辑]

词源[编辑]

af的无重音形式。

介词[编辑]

of

  1. 在……之上
  2. 远，离

罗马尼亚语[编辑]

感叹词[编辑]

of

  1. 表示痛苦，后悔。
  2. 表示绝望。
  3. 表示厌恶，憎恨
  4. 表示赞赏，热情。
  5. 表示惊讶

土耳其语[编辑]

感叹词[编辑]

of

  1. 表示劳累，有压力。
  2. 表示痛苦。
  3. 表示厌恶或极其沮丧。

沃拉普克语[编辑]

代词[编辑]

of (复数 ofs)

  1. 她 (第三人称)

变格[编辑]

of 的变格
单数 复数
主格 of ofs
属格 ofa ofas
与格 ofe ofes
宾格 ofi ofis

威尔斯语[编辑]

名词[编辑]

of

  1. gof的软音异变。

辅音变化[编辑]

辅音变化
原型 浊化 鼻音化 清音化
gof of ngof 无变化
注意：有些形式仅是推测，不是每种形式都一定存在。

西弗里斯兰语[编辑]

词源[编辑]

来自古弗里斯兰语 jef，来自原始日耳曼语 *jabai。

发音[编辑]

连词[编辑]

of

  1. 或

延伸阅读[编辑]

  • “of”, Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal‎[2], 2011
取自“https://zh.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=of&oldid=7706782”