wretched

英语

词源

源自中古英語 wrecched (“经历悲惨的；可悲的，不幸的，不高兴的；贫困的；低贱的；可怜的人”) [以及其他形式]，源自wrecche (“经历悲惨的；可悲的，不幸的，不高兴的；贫困的；低贱的；可鄙的，恶劣的，邪恶的；小气的；无足轻重的”)（源自晚期古英語 wrecc，源自古英語 wreċċa (“被驱逐者”)，最终源自原始印歐語 *wreg- (“跟；猎”)） + -ed (构成形容词的后缀)。 英语词可作wretch (已弃用形容词，与本词同义) +‎ -ed (构成形容词的后缀)分析。

发音

• (標準英音) 國際音標^(幫助): /ˈɹɛt͡ʃɪd/
• (通用美式) 國際音標^(幫助): /ˈɹɛt͡ʃəd/

• （通用美式）音频：

  (檔案)

• 斷字：wretch‧ed

形容词

wretched (比較級 more wretched，最高級 most wretched)

1. 悲惨的，可悲的，不幸的

   近義詞：dejected, (古旧或弃用) wretchful；亦參見Thesaurus:lamentable, Thesaurus:sad

   I felt wretched after my wife died.

   我妻子死了以后我痛不欲生。

   • Template:RQ:Whetstone Rocke of Regard
   • c. 1598–1600 (date written), William Shakespeare, “As You Like It”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene v], page 199, column 2:

     [W]ho might be your mother / That you inſult, exult, and all at once / Ouer the vvretched?

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

     A noun use.

   • Template:RQ:Beaumont Fletcher Comedies and Tragedies
   • Template:RQ:Thomson Autumn
   • Template:RQ:Radcliffe Udolpho
   • Template:RQ:Southey Joan of Arc
   • Template:RQ:Gorky Shirazi Creatures
   • 2011 April 11, Phil McNulty, “Liverpool 3 – 0 Man City”, in BBC Sport‎^[1], archived from the original on 27 1月 2023:

     Mario Balotelli replaced [Carlos] Tevez but his contribution was so negligible that he suffered the indignity of being substituted himself as time ran out, a development that encapsulated a wretched 90 minutes for City and boss Roberto Mancini。

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

2. 低贱的，卑微的

   The street was full of wretched beggars dressed in rags.

   整条街都是衣衫褴褛的低贱乞丐。

   • Template:RQ:Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress
   • Template:RQ:Dickens Christmas Carol
   • Template:RQ:Carlyle Friedrich
   • Template:RQ:Dostoevsky Hogarth Underworld
   • Template:RQ:Dostoevsky Garnett White Nights
   • Template:RQ:Maxwell Mirror and the Lamp
3. 无足轻重的，微不足道的

   近義詞：trifling；亦參見Thesaurus:insignificant

   • 1922 February，James Joyce，「[Episode 16: Eumaeus]」，收錄於 Ulysses，Paris：Shakespeare and Company, […]，→OCLC，「part III [Nostos]」，598頁：

     All those wretched quarrels, in his humble opinion, stirring up bad blood – bump of combativeness or gland of some kind, erroneously supposed to be about a punctilio of honour and a flag, – were very largely a question of the money question which was at the back of everything, greed and jealousy, people never knowing when to stop.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

4. 可鄙的，邪恶的，恶劣的

   近義詞：參見Thesaurus:despicable

   • Template:RQ:De Quevedo L'Estrange Visions
5. (指天气) 讨厌的，不好的，令人不舒心的
6. (非正式) 讨厌的，该死的 （表达某事物令自己讨厌）

   近義詞：damned, bloody, blasted, bleeding

   Will you please stop playing that wretched trombone!

   你能不能别吹你的破长号了。

衍生词汇

• wretchedly
• wretchedness

相关词汇

• ratchet (形容词)
• wretch
• wretchful (古旧或弃用)
• wretchlessly (弃用)
• wretchlessness (弃用)
• wretchless (弃用)
• wretchock (英国方言)

词语搭配

和名词

• wretched animal
• wretched being
• wretched city
• wretched condition
• wretched creature
• wretched excess
• wretched health
• wretched hive
• wretched hole
• wretched house
• wretched life
• wretched man
• wretched person
• wretched place
• wretched situation
• wretched slave
• wretched state
• wretched town
• wretched village
• wretched weather
• wretched woman
• wretched world

延伸阅读

• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “wretched”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
• “wretched”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• Douglas Harper （2001–2026），「wretched」，收錄於 《zh-hant:線上詞源詞典; zh-hans:在线词源词典》（Online Etymology Dictionary）。