potestas

拉丁語

詞源

繼承自原始意大利語 *potistāts。等價於 potis +‎ -tās。

發音

(古典拉丁語) 國際音標^(幫助): [pɔˈtɛs.taːs]
(教會拉丁語) 國際音標^(幫助): [poˈt̪ɛs.t̪äs]

名詞

potestās 陰 (屬格 potestātis)；第三類變格

能力；力量
掌控，控制
權限
統治權；主權；權威
近義詞：dicio, imperium, arbitrium, auctōritās
權力
(詞語的) 意思，意義，含義
可能性；機會

變格

第三類變格名詞。

	單數	複數
主格	potestās	potestātēs
屬格	potestātis	potestātum
與格	potestātī	potestātibus
賓格	potestātem	potestātēs
離格	potestāte	potestātibus
呼格	potestās	potestātēs

派生詞彙

派生語彙

意大利語：potestà
- ⇒ 意大利語：podestà
古法語：poesté
→ 阿爾巴尼亞語：pushtet
→ 加泰羅尼亞語：potestat
→ 葡萄牙語：potestade, podestade
西西里語：putistà, putistati
→ 西班牙語：potestad
⇒ 通俗拉丁語：*potestāre
- 意大利語：podestare
- 古法語：poëster
- → 阿爾巴尼亞語：pushtoj

參考資料

potestas in Charlton T. Lewis & Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1879
“potestas”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
potestas在Charles du Fresne du Cange的Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
potestas在Gaffiot, Félix （1934），Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français (拉丁語-法語詳解詞典)，Hachette中的內容
Carl Meissner；Henry William Auden （1894），Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1]，London：Macmillan and Co.
- power over life and death: potestas vitae necisque
- to be in a person's power: in manu, in potestate alicuius situm, positum esse
- to give a man the opportunity of doing a thing: potestatem, copiam alicui dare, facere with Gen. gerund.
- to deprive a man of the chance of doing a thing: facultatem, potestatem alicui eripere, adimere
- to give audience to some one: sui potestatem facere, praebere alicui
- despotic, tyrannous rule: potestas immoderata, infinita
- to give up, lay down office (usually at the end of one's term of office): de potestate decedere
- he has power over life and death: potestatem habet in aliquem vitae necisque (B. G. 1. 16. 5)
- to give up one's person and all one's possessions to the conqueror: se suaque omnia permittere victoris potestati
- to surrender oneself to the discretion of some one: se permittere in fidem atque in potestatem alicuius (B. G. 2. 3)
- to offer battle to the enemy: potestatem, copiam pugnandi hostibus facere
- to accept battle: potestatem sui facere (alicui) (cf. sect. XII. 9, note audientia...)
- to reduce a country to subjection to oneself: populum in potestatem suam redigere (B. G. 2. 34)
- to make oneself master of a people, country: populum, terram suo imperio, suae potestati subicere (not sibi by itself)
- to make one's submission to some one: in alicuius potestatem se permittere
- to be subject to some one, under some one's dominion: in potestate, in dicione alicuius esse
“potestas”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
potestas in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
“potestas”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin