lume

參見：lumë

阿羅馬尼亞語

其他寫法

• lumi, alumi

詞源

源自拉丁語 lūmen（比喻義“生命之光”）。對比羅馬尼亞語 lume。

名詞

lume

1. 世界
2. 人民
3. 人類

相關詞彙

• lunjinã

參見

• oaminj
• pimintu
• cozmu, dunjeai, etã, plasi

愛沙尼亞語

名詞

lume

1. lumi 的屬格單數

芬蘭語

詞源

lumo +‎ -e

發音

• 國際音標^(幫助): /ˈlumeˣ/, [ˈlume̞(ʔ)]
• 韻部：-ume
• 音節化^(幫助)：lu‧me
• 斷字^(幫助)：lu‧me

名詞

lume

1. 幻覺，錯覺

變格

lume 的屈折 (Kotus 類型 48/hame，無元音變換)
主格		lume	lumeet
屬格		lumeen	lumeiden lumeitten
部分格		lumetta	lumeita
入格		lumeeseen	lumeisiin lumeihin
		單數	複數
主格		lume	lumeet
賓格	主	lume	lumeet
	屬	lumeen
屬格		lumeen	lumeiden lumeitten
部分格		lumetta	lumeita
內格		lumeessa	lumeissa
出格		lumeesta	lumeista
入格		lumeeseen	lumeisiin lumeihin
接格		lumeella	lumeilla
離格		lumeelta	lumeilta
向格		lumeelle	lumeille
樣格		lumeena	lumeina
轉移格		lumeeksi	lumeiksi
欠格		lumeetta	lumeitta
手段格		—	lumein
共格		請參閱下方的所有格形式。

lume 的所有格形式 (Kotus 類型 48/hame，無元音變換)

第一人稱單數所有者 單數 複數 主格 lumeeni lumeeni 賓格 主 lumeeni lumeeni 屬 lumeeni 屬格 lumeeni lumeideni lumeitteni 部分格 lumettani lumeitani 內格 lumeessani lumeissani 出格 lumeestani lumeistani 入格 lumeeseeni lumeisiini lumeihini 接格 lumeellani lumeillani 離格 lumeeltani lumeiltani 向格 lumeelleni lumeilleni 樣格 lumeenani lumeinani 轉移格 lumeekseni lumeikseni 欠格 lumeettani lumeittani 手段格 — — 共格 — lumeineni 第二人稱單數所有者 單數 複數 主格 lumeesi lumeesi 賓格 主 lumeesi lumeesi 屬 lumeesi 屬格 lumeesi lumeidesi lumeittesi 部分格 lumettasi lumeitasi 內格 lumeessasi lumeissasi 出格 lumeestasi lumeistasi 入格 lumeeseesi lumeisiisi lumeihisi 接格 lumeellasi lumeillasi 離格 lumeeltasi lumeiltasi 向格 lumeellesi lumeillesi 樣格 lumeenasi lumeinasi 轉移格 lumeeksesi lumeiksesi 欠格 lumeettasi lumeittasi 手段格 — — 共格 — lumeinesi 第一人稱複數所有者 單數 複數 主格 lumeemme lumeemme 賓格 主 lumeemme lumeemme 屬 lumeemme 屬格 lumeemme lumeidemme lumeittemme 部分格 lumettamme lumeitamme 內格 lumeessamme lumeissamme 出格 lumeestamme lumeistamme 入格 lumeeseemme lumeisiimme lumeihimme 接格 lumeellamme lumeillamme 離格 lumeeltamme lumeiltamme 向格 lumeellemme lumeillemme 樣格 lumeenamme lumeinamme 轉移格 lumeeksemme lumeiksemme 欠格 lumeettamme lumeittamme 手段格 — — 共格 — lumeinemme 第二人稱複數所有者 單數 複數 主格 lumeenne lumeenne 賓格 主 lumeenne lumeenne 屬 lumeenne 屬格 lumeenne lumeidenne lumeittenne 部分格 lumettanne lumeitanne 內格 lumeessanne lumeissanne 出格 lumeestanne lumeistanne 入格 lumeeseenne lumeisiinne lumeihinne 接格 lumeellanne lumeillanne 離格 lumeeltanne lumeiltanne 向格 lumeellenne lumeillenne 樣格 lumeenanne lumeinanne 轉移格 lumeeksenne lumeiksenne 欠格 lumeettanne lumeittanne 手段格 — — 共格 — lumeinenne 第三人稱所有者 單數 複數 主格 lumeensa lumeensa 賓格 主 lumeensa lumeensa 屬 lumeensa 屬格 lumeensa lumeidensa lumeittensa 部分格 lumettaan lumettansa lumeitaan lumeitansa 內格 lumeessaan lumeessansa lumeissaan lumeissansa 出格 lumeestaan lumeestansa lumeistaan lumeistansa 入格 lumeeseensa lumeisiinsa lumeihinsa 接格 lumeellaan lumeellansa lumeillaan lumeillansa 離格 lumeeltaan lumeeltansa lumeiltaan lumeiltansa 向格 lumeelleen lumeellensa lumeilleen lumeillensa 樣格 lumeenaan lumeenansa lumeinaan lumeinansa 轉移格 lumeekseen lumeeksensa lumeikseen lumeiksensa 欠格 lumeettaan lumeettansa lumeittaan lumeittansa 手段格 — — 共格 — lumeineen lumeinensa

複合詞

• lumelääke
• silmänlume

異序詞

• lemu, melu

加利西亞語

lume

prohibido facer lume

詞源

最早見於13世紀，源自古加利西亞語、古葡萄牙語 lume，源自拉丁語 lūmen。與葡萄牙語 lume, 阿斯圖里亞斯語 llume, 西班牙語 lumbre同源。

發音

• 國際音標^(幫助): [ˈlu.mɪ]

名詞

lume m (複數 lumes)

1. 火，焰

   近義詞：fogo

2. 〈旧〉 光
   • 1370, Ramón Lorenzo (ed.), Crónica troiana. A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 689:

     ca despois que anoyteçeu tornou outrosí escuro speso a sobreguisa, et nõ fazía luar nẽ lume, pouco nẽ mais.

     because after nightfall it became dark, and this darkness was exceedingly thick, and it was neither moonlight nor light, no less or more

3. 林火
   • 1990, Xaquín Fernández Leiceaga, Economia (politica) do monte galego, page 103:

     A hipótese básica é que os lumes, por máis que sexan intencionados, non obedecen a unha lóxica económica de potencia irregular de ano en ano, senón a causas continuamente presentes

     The basic hypothesis is that forest fires, even being caused intentionally, don't follow year after year an economic logic of irregular potential, but instead causes that are continuously present

派生詞

• alumear

參考資料

• “lume” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006-2012.
• “lume” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006-2016.
• “lume” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006-2013.
• "lume" in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
• “lume” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

意大利語

詞源

源自拉丁語 lūmen ← 原始印歐語 *léwksmn̥，派生自詞根*lewk- (“明亮”)。“內腔”是現代新起義。參見借詞lumen。

發音

• 國際音標^(幫助): /ˈlu.me/、[ˈl̺uːme]
• 斷字：lù‧me

名詞

lume m (複數 lumi)

1. 光源
   • 1321，Dante Alighieri，La divina commedia: Purgatorio [The Divine Comedy: Purgatory] (paperback), Bompiani, 出版於 2001, Canto XXII，頁 336，行s 67–69:

     Facesti come quei che va di notte, ¶ che porta il lume dietro e sé non giova, ¶ ma dopo sé fa le persone dotte, […]

     Thou didst as he who walketh in the night, ¶ who bears his light behind, which helps him not, ¶ but wary makes the persons after him, […]

   • 1353，Giovanni Boccaccio，“Seconda giornata, Novella VII [Second Day, 7th Story]”, in Decamerone [Decameron]‎^[1]，Tommaso Hedlin, 出版於 1527，頁 50:

     Pericone non diede indugio a ſeguitarla, ma ſpento ogni lume preſtamente da laltra parte le ſi coricò al lato […]

     Pericone was not slow to follow her, but, putting out every light, promptly hid himself beside her […]

   1. 〈旧〉 非電力的光源（如蠟燭、煤油燈）
      • 1840，Alessandro Manzoni，章號 XXXIII, in I promessi sposi‎^[2]，Tip. Guglielmini e Redaelli，頁 626:

        “ […] C’era una vernaccia!... Ma, con una buona dormita, tutto se ne va. Ho un gran sonno... Levami un po’ quel lume dinanzi, che m’accieca... mi dà una noia...!”

        “ […] The wine was so fine!... With a good sleep all will be well again. I am overcome by sleep... Get that lamp away from before me, it's blinding me... it troubles me so...!”

   2. 〈罕〉 電力光源
2. 〈引〉〈詩〉 星
   • 1472，Dante Alighieri，La divina commedia: Paradiso [The Divine Comedy: Paradise] (paperback), Le Monnier, 出版於 2002, Canto II，頁 39，行s 64–66:

     La spera ottava vi dimostra molti ¶ lumi, li quali e nel quale e nel quanto ¶ notar si posson di diversi volti.

     Lights many the eighth sphere displays to you ¶ which in their quality and quantity ¶ may noted be of aspects different.

   • 1374，Francesco Petrarca，“Tacer non posso, et temo non adopre [I can’t be silent, yet I fear to use]”, in Il Canzoniere‎^[3]，Florence: Andrea Bettini, 出版於 1858，頁 349:

     Fra tanti amici lumi, ¶ una nube lontana mi dispiacque; ¶ la qual temo che 'n pianto si risolve, […]

     Among so many friendly stars, ¶ one distant cloud displeased me: ¶ which I fear will melt away in tears

   • 近義詞：stella、astro
   1. 〈喻〉〈詩〉 上帝
      • 1472，Dante Alighieri，La divina commedia: Purgatorio [The Divine Comedy: Purgatory] (paperback), Bompiani, 出版於 2001, Canto XIII，頁 195，行s 85–87:

        Volsimi a loro e: «O gente sicura», ¶ incominciai, «di veder l'alto lume ¶ che 'l disio vostro solo ha in cura […] »

        To them I turned me, and, "O people, certain," ¶ began I, "of beholding the high light, ¶ which your desire has solely in its care, […]

   2. 〈喻〉〈引〉〈詩〉 神聖的靈魂或實體
      • 1472，Dante Alighieri，La divina commedia: Paradiso [The Divine Comedy: Paradise] (paperback), Le Monnier, 出版於 2002, Canto X，頁 179，行s 71–73:

        si trovan molte gioie care e belle ¶ tanto che non si posson trar del regno; ¶ e 'l canto di quei lumi era di quelle;

        Are many jewels found, so fair and precious ¶ they cannot be transported from the realm; ¶ and of them was the singing of those lights;

   3. 〈喻〉〈引〉〈詩〉〈文〉 受尊敬的人
      • 16世紀，Annibale Caro, transl.，Eneide [Aeneid]‎^[4]，Florence: Leonardo Ciardetti, 根據VirgilAeneis改編的翻譯作品, 出版於 1827, Libro I，頁 102:

        Cadde Riféo, ch'era ne' Teucri un lume ¶ di bontà, di giustizia e d'equitate

        Ripheus fell, who was a light among the Teucrians ¶ for goodness, justice and equity

      • 1472，Dante Alighieri，La divina commedia: Inferno [The Divine Comedy: Hell]，第12th版 (paperback), Le Monnier, 出版於 1994, Canto I，頁 13，行s 82–84:

        «O de li altri poeti onore e lume, ¶ vagliami 'l lungo studio e 'l grande amore ¶ che m'ha fatto cercar lo tuo volume.»

        "O, of the other poets honour and light, ¶ avail me the long study and great love ¶ that have impelled me to explore thy volume!

      • c. 1527，Francesco Berni，Orlando Innamorato [Orlando in Love]‎^[5]，Milano: Società Tipografica de' Classici Italiani, 出版於 1828, Canto XIII，頁 37:

        A que' tre che tu, Fiorenza, onori ¶ eterni lumi della lingua nostra, […]

        To those three that you, Florence, honour, ¶ eternal lights of our own language […]

3. 光，尤指：
   1. 〈古〉〈文〉 自然光
      • 1472，Dante Alighieri，La divina commedia: Purgatorio [The Divine Comedy: Purgatory] (paperback), Bompiani, 出版於 2001, Canto I，頁 10，行s 37–39:

        Li raggi delle quattro luci sante ¶ fregiavan sì la sua faccia di lume ¶ ch'i' 'l vedea come 'l sol fosse davante.

        The rays of the four consecrated stars ¶ did so adorn his countenance with light, ¶ that him I saw as were the sun before him.

      • 1909，Giovanni Pascoli，“La capinera [The Blackcap]”, in Nuovi poemetti‎^[6]，第4th版, Bologna: Nicola Zanichelli, 出版於 1918，頁 29，行s 7–9:

        Il cinguettìo, così tra lume e scuro, ¶ cessò d’un tratto. Era comparso il sole. ¶ Sparì ciascuno nel bel giorno puro.

        The chirping, between light and darkness ¶ ceased suddenly. The Sun had risen. ¶ They all disappeared into the pure day.

      • 近義詞：luce
   2. 〈旧〉 （人造的，非電力的）光
4. (繪畫) 光投射到圖畫上的方式
5. 〈喻〉 視力
   • 1516，Ludovico Ariosto，Orlando Furioso [Raging Roland]‎^[7]，Venice: Printed by Gabriel Giolito, 出版於 1551, Canto XLIII，頁 205:

     e facea alcun effetto ſopr'humano; ¶ dar lume a ciechi, e tornar morti a vita; ¶ fermare il uento ad un ſegno di croce ¶ e far tranquillo il mar, quand'è piu atroce.

     [a hermit] who had done superhuman deeds; ¶ regiving sight to the blind, and restoring the dead to life; ¶ hushing the winds with a sign of the cross ¶ and pacifying the sea when at its scariest.

   • 近義詞：vista
   1. 〈复〉 雙眼
      • 1374，Francesco Petrarca，“I' vidi in terra angelici costumi [I saw angelic virtue on earth]”, in Il Canzoniere‎^[8]，Florence: Andrea Bettini, 出版於 1858，頁 157，行s 5–8:

        E vidi lagrimar que' duo bei lumi, ¶ c'han fatto mille volte invidia al Sole; ¶ ed udii sospirando dir parole ¶ che farian gir i monti e stare i fiumi.

        And I saw two lovely eyes that wept, ¶ that made the sun a thousand times jealous; ¶ and I heard words emerge among sighs ¶ that made the mountains move, and halted rivers.

      • 1581，Torquato Tasso，Gerusalemme liberata [Jerusalem Delivered]‎^[9]，Erasmo Viotti, Canto LX，頁 372:

        e cadde tramortita: e ſi diffuſe ¶ di gelato ſudore: e i lumi chiuſe.

        and she fell to the ground, stunned, getting covered ¶ with freezing sweat, and closed her eyes.

      • 1835，Giacomo Leopardi，“I. All'Italia [To Italy]”, in Canti‎^[10]，Bari: Einaudi, 出版於 1917，頁 7，行s 134–136:

        Ché, se il fato è diverso, e non consente ¶ ch’io per la Grecia i moribondi lumi ¶ chiuda prostrato in guerra, […]

        If fate’s opposed, and will not consent that I fall in war, and close my dying eyes, for Greece, […]

      • 近義詞：occhi
6. 〈喻〉 啟蒙，啟迪
   • 1472，Dante Alighieri，La divina commedia: Purgatorio [The Divine Comedy: Purgatory] (paperback), Bompiani, 出版於 2001, Canto VI，頁 86，行s 43–45:

     Veramente a così alto sospetto ¶ non ti fermar, se quella non ti dice ¶ che lume fia tra 'l vero e lo 'ntelletto.

     Verily, in so deep a questioning ¶ do not decide, unless she tell it thee, ¶ who light 'twixt truth and intellect shall be.

   1. 〈复〉 基於理性建立起來的文化
      • 1764，Cesare Beccaria，“V. Oscurità delle leggi [Of the Obscurity of Laws]”, in Dei delitti e delle pene [On Crimes and Punishments]‎^[11]，Paris: Dal Molini, 出版於 1780，頁 21:

        Da ciò veggiamo quanto sia utile la stampa, che rende il pubblico, e non alcuni pochi, depositario delle sante leggi, e quanto abbia dissipato quello spirito tenebroso di cabala e d’intrigo, che sparisce in faccia ai lumi ed alle scienze […]

        Hence we see the use of printing, which makes the public, and not a few individuals, the guardians of the sacred laws, and how it has dissipated the gloomy spirit of cabal and intrigue, which disappears in the face of enlightenment and sciences […]

7. 〈喻〉(多用複數) 建議，有用的信息
   • 1881，Giovanni Verga，I Malavoglia‎^[12]，Fratelli Treves, 出版於 1907, Chapter VII，頁 113:

     La seduta fu sciolta senza concludere nulla. Il segretario voleva un po’ di tempo per prender lume;

     The meeting was closed without deciding upon anything. The clerk wanted time to get up his subject.

   • 近義詞：chiarimento、consiglio
   1. 〈引〉 洞察力
      • 1472，Dante Alighieri，La divina commedia: Purgatorio [The Divine Comedy: Purgatory] (paperback), Bompiani, 出版於 2001, Canto XVI，頁 237，行s 73–75:

        Lo cielo i vostri movimenti inizia; ¶ non dico tutti, ma, posto ch'i' 'l dica, ¶ lume v'è dato a bene e a malizia

        The heavens your movements do initiate, ¶ I say not all; but granting that I say it, ¶ light has been given you for good and evil

      • 近義詞：discernimento
8. 〈解〉 內腔
9. (捕魚) 網眼大小

派生詞

• allumare

相關詞彙

• illuminare
• illuminismo
• luminare
• luminaria
• luminio
• luminoso

異序詞

• mule

中古英語

名詞

lume

1. lome的另一種寫法

葡萄牙語

詞源

源自古葡萄牙語 lume ← 拉丁語 lūmen ← 原始印歐語 *léwksmn̥ ← *lewk-。與加利西亞語 lume, 西班牙語 lumbre, 加泰羅尼亞語 llum, 奧克語 lum, 法語 lume, 意大利語 lume, 羅馬尼亞語 lume同源。“內腔”是現代新起義。參見借詞lúmen。

發音

• (PT) 國際音標^(幫助): /ˈlu.mɨ/
• 斷字：lu‧me

名詞

lume m (複數 lumes)

1. 火，焰
2. 〈解〉 內腔

近義詞

• fogo
• (內腔)： lúmen

相關詞彙

• lua
• luz

羅馬尼亞語

詞源

源自拉丁語 lūmen (“光”)（比喻義“生命之光”），源自原始印歐語 *léwksmn̥，派生自詞根*lewk- (“明亮”)。對比古教會斯拉夫語 свѣтъ (světŭ，“光；世界”)；匈牙利語 világ，原義為“光”。參見lumen。

發音

• 國際音標^(幫助): [ˈlu.me]

名詞

lume f (複數 lumi)

1. 世界
2. 人民
3. 人類
4. 〈古〉〈方〉 光

變格

lume 的變格

	單數			複數
	不定	定指		不定	定指
主格/賓格	lume	lumea		lumi	lumile
屬格/與格	lumi	lumii		lumi	lumilor
呼格	lume, lumeo			lumilor

近義詞

• (人民)： oameni
• (人類)： omenire
• (光)： lumină

相關詞彙

• lumină

參見

• pământ

拓展閱讀

• 《羅馬尼亞語諸詞典》（DEX online - Dicționare ale limbii române）中有關lume的內容