lume

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參見：lumë

阿羅馬尼亞語[编辑]

其他寫法[编辑]

詞源[编辑]

源自拉丁語 lūmen（比喻義“生命之光”）。對比羅馬尼亞語 lume。

名詞[编辑]

lume

  1. 世界
  2. 人民
  3. 人類

相關詞彙[编辑]

參見[编辑]

愛沙尼亞語[编辑]

名詞[编辑]

lume

  1. lumi 的屬格單數

芬蘭語[编辑]

詞源[编辑]

lumo +‎ -e

發音[编辑]

名詞[编辑]

lume

  1. 幻覺，錯覺

變格[编辑]

lume (Kotus 變格類型 48/hame，無層級變化)的變格
主格 lume lumeet
屬格 lumeen lumeiden
lumeitten
部分格 lumetta lumeita
入格 lumeeseen lumeisiin
lumeihin
單數 複數
主格 lume lumeet
賓格 nom. lume lumeet
gen. lumeen
屬格 lumeen lumeiden
lumeitten
部分格 lumetta lumeita
內格 lumeessa lumeissa
出格 lumeesta lumeista
入格 lumeeseen lumeisiin
lumeihin
所格 lumeella lumeilla
奪格 lumeelta lumeilta
向格 lumeelle lumeille
樣格 lumeena lumeina
變格 lumeeksi lumeiksi
具格 — lumein
缺格 lumeetta lumeitta
共格 — lumeineen
lume 的所有格形式 (變格類型 hame)
所有者 單數 複數
第一人稱 lumeeni lumeemme
第二人稱 lumeesi lumeenne
第三人稱 lumeensa

複合詞[编辑]

異序詞[编辑]

加利西亞語[编辑]

lume
prohibido facer lume

詞源[编辑]

最早見於13世紀，源自古加利西亞語、古葡萄牙語 lume，源自拉丁語 lūmen。與葡萄牙語 lume, 阿斯圖里亞斯語 llume, 西班牙語 lumbre同源。

發音[编辑]

名詞[编辑]

lume m (复数 lumes)

  1. 火，焰
    近義詞： fogo
  2. 〈旧〉 光
    • 1370, Ramón Lorenzo (ed.), Crónica troiana. A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 689:
      ca despois que anoyteçeu tornou outrosí escuro speso a sobreguisa, et nõ fazía luar nẽ lume, pouco nẽ mais.
      because after nightfall it became dark, and this darkness was exceedingly thick, and it was neither moonlight nor light, no less or more
  3. 林火
    • 1990, Xaquín Fernández Leiceaga, Economia (politica) do monte galego, page 103:
      A hipótese básica é que os lumes, por máis que sexan intencionados, non obedecen a unha lóxica económica de potencia irregular de ano en ano, senón a causas continuamente presentes
      The basic hypothesis is that forest fires, even being caused intentionally, don't follow year after year an economic logic of irregular potential, but instead causes that are continuously present

派生詞[编辑]

參考資料[编辑]

  • “lume” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006-2012.
  • “lume” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006-2016.
  • “lume” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006-2013.
  • "lume" in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
  • “lume” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

意大利語[编辑]

詞源[编辑]

源自拉丁語 lūmen ← 原始印歐語 *léwksmn̥，派生自詞根*lewk- (“明亮”)。“內腔”是現代新起義。參見借詞lumen。

發音[编辑]

  • IPA(幫助)：/ˈlu.me/, [ˈl̺uːme]
  • 斷字：lù‧me

名詞[编辑]

lume m (複數 lumi)

  1. 光源
    • 1321，Dante Alighieri， La divina commedia: Purgatorio [The Divine Comedy: Purgatory] (paperback)，Bompiani，出版年份2001, Canto XXII, lines 67–69, 頁號336:
      Facesti come quei che va di notte, ¶ che porta il lume dietro e sé non giova, ¶ ma dopo sé fa le persone dotte, […]
      Thou didst as he who walketh in the night, ¶ who bears his light behind, which helps him not, ¶ but wary makes the persons after him, […]
    • 1353，Giovanni Boccaccio，“Seconda giornata, Novella VII [Second Day, 7th Story]”，出自 Decamerone [Decameron]‎[1]，Tommaso Hedlin，出版年份1527, 頁號50:
      Pericone non diede indugio a ſeguitarla, ma ſpento ogni lume preſtamente da laltra parte le ſi coricò al lato […]
      Pericone was not slow to follow her, but, putting out every light, promptly hid himself beside her […]
    1. 〈旧〉 非電力的光源（如蠟燭、煤油燈）
      • 1840，Alessandro Manzoni， chapter XXXIII，出自 I promessi sposi‎[2]，Tip. Guglielmini e Redaelli, 頁號626:
        “ […] C’era una vernaccia!... Ma, con una buona dormita, tutto se ne va. Ho un gran sonno... Levami un po’ quel lume dinanzi, che m’accieca... mi dà una noia...!”
        “ […] The wine was so fine!... With a good sleep all will be well again. I am overcome by sleep... Get that lamp away from before me, it's blinding me... it troubles me so...!”
    2. 〈罕〉 電力光源
  2. 〈引〉〈詩〉 星
    • 1472，Dante Alighieri， La divina commedia: Paradiso [The Divine Comedy: Paradise] (paperback)，Le Monnier，出版年份2002, Canto II, lines 64–66, 頁號39:
      La spera ottava vi dimostra molti ¶ lumi, li quali e nel quale e nel quanto ¶ notar si posson di diversi volti.
      Lights many the eighth sphere displays to you ¶ which in their quality and quantity ¶ may noted be of aspects different.
    • 1374，Francesco Petrarca，“Tacer non posso, et temo non adopre [I can’t be silent, yet I fear to use]”，出自 Il Canzoniere‎[3]，Florence:Andrea Bettini，出版年份1858, 頁號349:
      Fra tanti amici lumi, ¶ una nube lontana mi dispiacque; ¶ la qual temo che 'n pianto si risolve, […]
      Among so many friendly stars, ¶ one distant cloud displeased me: ¶ which I fear will melt away in tears
    • 近義詞： stella、astro
    1. 〈喻〉〈詩〉 上帝
      • 1472，Dante Alighieri， La divina commedia: Purgatorio [The Divine Comedy: Purgatory] (paperback)，Bompiani，出版年份2001, Canto XIII, lines 85–87, 頁號195:
        Volsimi a loro e: «O gente sicura», ¶ incominciai, «di veder l'alto lume ¶ che 'l disio vostro solo ha in cura […] »
        To them I turned me, and, "O people, certain," ¶ began I, "of beholding the high light, ¶ which your desire has solely in its care, […]
    2. 〈喻〉〈引〉〈詩〉 神聖的靈魂或實體
      • 1472，Dante Alighieri， La divina commedia: Paradiso [The Divine Comedy: Paradise] (paperback)，Le Monnier，出版年份2002, Canto X, lines 71–73, 頁號179:
        si trovan molte gioie care e belle ¶ tanto che non si posson trar del regno; ¶ e 'l canto di quei lumi era di quelle;
        Are many jewels found, so fair and precious ¶ they cannot be transported from the realm; ¶ and of them was the singing of those lights;
    3. 〈喻〉〈引〉〈詩〉〈文〉 受尊敬的人
      • 16世紀，Annibale Caro, transl.， Eneide [Aeneid]‎[4]，Florence:Leonardo Ciardetti，翻譯，譯自Aeneis，譯者Virgil，出版年份1827, Libro I, 頁號102:
        Cadde Riféo, ch'era ne' Teucri un lume ¶ di bontà, di giustizia e d'equitate
        Ripheus fell, who was a light among the Teucrians ¶ for goodness, justice and equity
      • 1472，Dante Alighieri， La divina commedia: Inferno [The Divine Comedy: Hell] (paperback)，12th edition，Le Monnier，出版年份1994, Canto I, lines 82–84, 頁號13:
        «O de li altri poeti onore e lume, ¶ vagliami 'l lungo studio e 'l grande amore ¶ che m'ha fatto cercar lo tuo volume.»
        "O, of the other poets honour and light, ¶ avail me the long study and great love ¶ that have impelled me to explore thy volume!
      • c. 1527，Francesco Berni， Orlando Innamorato [Orlando in Love]‎[5]，Milano:Società Tipografica de' Classici Italiani，出版年份1828, Canto XIII, 頁號37:
        A que' tre che tu, Fiorenza, onori ¶ eterni lumi della lingua nostra, […]
        To those three that you, Florence, honour, ¶ eternal lights of our own language […]
  3. 光，尤指：
    1. 〈古〉〈文〉 自然光
      • 1472，Dante Alighieri， La divina commedia: Purgatorio [The Divine Comedy: Purgatory] (paperback)，Bompiani，出版年份2001, Canto I, lines 37–39, 頁號10:
        Li raggi delle quattro luci sante ¶ fregiavan sì la sua faccia di lume ¶ ch'i' 'l vedea come 'l sol fosse davante.
        The rays of the four consecrated stars ¶ did so adorn his countenance with light, ¶ that him I saw as were the sun before him.
      • 1909，Giovanni Pascoli，“La capinera [The Blackcap]”，出自 Nuovi poemetti‎[6]，4th edition，Bologna:Nicola Zanichelli，出版年份1918, lines 7–9, 頁號29:
        Il cinguettìo, così tra lume e scuro, ¶ cessò d’un tratto. Era comparso il sole. ¶ Sparì ciascuno nel bel giorno puro.
        The chirping, between light and darkness ¶ ceased suddenly. The Sun had risen. ¶ They all disappeared into the pure day.
      • 近義詞： luce
    2. 〈旧〉 （人造的，非電力的）光
  4. (繪畫) 光投射到圖畫上的方式
  5. 〈喻〉 視力
    • 1516，Ludovico Ariosto， Orlando Furioso [Raging Roland]‎[7]，Venice:Printed by Gabriel Giolito，出版年份1551, Canto XLIII, 頁號205:
      e facea alcun effetto ſopr'humano; ¶ dar lume a ciechi, e tornar morti a vita; ¶ fermare il uento ad un ſegno di croce ¶ e far tranquillo il mar, quand'è piu atroce.
      [a hermit] who had done superhuman deeds; ¶ regiving sight to the blind, and restoring the dead to life; ¶ hushing the winds with a sign of the cross ¶ and pacifying the sea when at its scariest.
    • 近義詞： vista
    1. 〈复〉 雙眼
      • 1374，Francesco Petrarca，“I' vidi in terra angelici costumi [I saw angelic virtue on earth]”，出自 Il Canzoniere‎[8]，Florence:Andrea Bettini，出版年份1858, lines 5–8, 頁號157:
        E vidi lagrimar que' duo bei lumi, ¶ c'han fatto mille volte invidia al Sole; ¶ ed udii sospirando dir parole ¶ che farian gir i monti e stare i fiumi.
        And I saw two lovely eyes that wept, ¶ that made the sun a thousand times jealous; ¶ and I heard words emerge among sighs ¶ that made the mountains move, and halted rivers.
      • 1581，Torquato Tasso， Gerusalemme liberata [Jerusalem Delivered]‎[9]，Erasmo Viotti, Canto LX, 頁號372:
        e cadde tramortita: e ſi diffuſe ¶ di gelato ſudore: e i lumi chiuſe.
        and she fell to the ground, stunned, getting covered ¶ with freezing sweat, and closed her eyes.
      • 1835，Giacomo Leopardi，“I. All'Italia [To Italy]”，出自 Canti‎[10]，Bari:Einaudi，出版年份1917, lines 134–136, 頁號7:
        Ché, se il fato è diverso, e non consente ¶ ch’io per la Grecia i moribondi lumi ¶ chiuda prostrato in guerra, […]
        If fate’s opposed, and will not consent that I fall in war, and close my dying eyes, for Greece, […]
      • 近義詞： occhi
  6. 〈喻〉 啟蒙，啟迪
    • 1472，Dante Alighieri， La divina commedia: Purgatorio [The Divine Comedy: Purgatory] (paperback)，Bompiani，出版年份2001, Canto VI, lines 43–45, 頁號86:
      Veramente a così alto sospetto ¶ non ti fermar, se quella non ti dice ¶ che lume fia tra 'l vero e lo 'ntelletto.
      Verily, in so deep a questioning ¶ do not decide, unless she tell it thee, ¶ who light 'twixt truth and intellect shall be.
    1. 〈复〉 基於理性建立起來的文化
      • 1764，Cesare Beccaria，“V. Oscurità delle leggi [Of the Obscurity of Laws]”，出自 Dei delitti e delle pene [On Crimes and Punishments]‎[11]，Paris:Dal Molini，出版年份1780, 頁號21:
        Da ciò veggiamo quanto sia utile la stampa, che rende il pubblico, e non alcuni pochi, depositario delle sante leggi, e quanto abbia dissipato quello spirito tenebroso di cabala e d’intrigo, che sparisce in faccia ai lumi ed alle scienze […]
        Hence we see the use of printing, which makes the public, and not a few individuals, the guardians of the sacred laws, and how it has dissipated the gloomy spirit of cabal and intrigue, which disappears in the face of enlightenment and sciences […]
  7. 〈喻〉(多用複數) 建議，有用的信息
    • 1881，Giovanni Verga， I Malavoglia‎[12]，Fratelli Treves，出版年份1907, Chapter VII, 頁號113:
      La seduta fu sciolta senza concludere nulla. Il segretario voleva un po’ di tempo per prender lume;
      The meeting was closed without deciding upon anything. The clerk wanted time to get up his subject.
    • 近義詞： chiarimento、consiglio
    1. 〈引〉 洞察力
      • 1472，Dante Alighieri， La divina commedia: Purgatorio [The Divine Comedy: Purgatory] (paperback)，Bompiani，出版年份2001, Canto XVI, lines 73–75, 頁號237:
        Lo cielo i vostri movimenti inizia; ¶ non dico tutti, ma, posto ch'i' 'l dica, ¶ lume v'è dato a bene e a malizia
        The heavens your movements do initiate, ¶ I say not all; but granting that I say it, ¶ light has been given you for good and evil
      • 近義詞： discernimento
  8. 〈解〉 內腔
  9. (捕魚) 網眼大小

派生詞[编辑]

相關詞彙[编辑]

異序詞[编辑]

中古英語[编辑]

名詞[编辑]

lume

  1. lome的另一種寫法

諾維亞語[编辑]

詞源[编辑]

對比法語 lumière。

名詞[编辑]

lume

  1. 光

葡萄牙語[编辑]

詞源[编辑]

源自古葡萄牙語 lume ← 拉丁語 lūmen ← 原始印歐語 *léwksmn̥ ← *lewk-。與加利西亞語 lume, 西班牙語 lumbre, 加泰羅尼亞語 llum, 奧克語 lum, 法語 lume, 意大利語 lume, 羅馬尼亞語 lume同源。“內腔”是現代新起義。參見借詞lúmen。

發音[编辑]

名詞[编辑]

lume m (複數 lumes)

  1. 火，焰
  2. 〈解〉 內腔

近義詞[编辑]

相關詞彙[编辑]

羅馬尼亞語[编辑]

詞源[编辑]

源自拉丁語 lūmen (“光”)（比喻義“生命之光”），源自原始印歐語 *léwksmn̥，派生自詞根*lewk- (“明亮”)。對比教會斯拉夫語 свѣтъ (světŭ, “光；世界”)；匈牙利語 világ，原義為“光”。參見lumen。

發音[编辑]

名詞[编辑]

lume f (複數 lumi)

  1. 世界
  2. 人民
  3. 人類
  4. 〈古〉〈方〉 光

變格[编辑]

lume的變格
單數 複數
不定 定 不定 定
主格/賓格 (o) lume lumea (niște) lumi lumile
屬格/與格 (unei) lumi lumii (unor) lumi lumilor
呼格 lume, lumeo lumilor

近義詞[编辑]

相關詞彙[编辑]

參見[编辑]

拓展閱讀[编辑]

来自“https://zh.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=lume&oldid=7659014”