earthquake

英語

Earthquake tsunami wave animation.

詞源

繼承自中古英語 erthequake，可以拆解為 earth +‎ quake。取代了中古英語 eorð byfung (“地震”)，後者源自古英語 eorþbeofung (字面意思是“土地搖動”)。

發音

• (標準英音) 國際音標^(幫助): /ˈɜːθkweɪk/
• (通用美式) 國際音標^(幫助): /ˈɝθkweɪk/

• 音頻（美國）：

  (檔案)

• 韻部：-ɜː(ɹ)θkweɪk

名詞

earthquake (複數 earthquakes)

1. 地震（由火山活動或地質斷層周圍的運動引起的地面震動）（自14世紀起）
   • 1590，埃德蒙·斯宾塞，“Book III, Canto II”, in 仙后（The Faerie Qveene . […]），London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

     Her alablaster brest she soft did kis, / Which all that while shee felt to pant and quake, / As it an Earth-quake were: at last she thus bespake.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • 2006年10月6日，Declan Walsh，The Guardian:

     Last year's earthquake crushed his house, his livelihood and very nearly his leg, he said, pointing to a plastered limb that refuses to heal.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

2. (行星地質學) 特指發生在地球上的地面震動 （20世紀起）
   • 1988，Jürgen Oberst, Yosio Nakamura，“A seismic risk for the lunar base”, in The Second Conference on Lunar Bases and Space Activities of the 21st Century，卷 1, NASA，頁s 231–233:

     Since the response of some man-made structures to the ground motion near the epicenter is highly dependent on frequency, a significant difference in potential damage to the structures is expected between earthquakes and moonquakes.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • 2006，Bruce A. Bolt，Earthquakes, Fifth Edition:

     The wave patterns, too, are strikingly different: The secondary (S) waves and surface waves on lunar seismograms are not generally as clearly defined and distinct as are those of earthquakes.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

3. (比喻義) 唐突劇變；具嚴重破壞性的事件
   • 2019年7月11日，John Thornhill，“Does tech threaten to rerun the worst of the Industrial Revolution?”, in Financial Times‎^[1]:

     As we have seen, economic earthquakes often result in political shockwaves. […] He highlights a correlation between those states with the highest robot density and those states that unexpectedly swung behind Donald Trump in the 2016 presidential election, namely Michigan, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • 2024年3月20日，Jon Henley，“Leo Varadkar steps down as Irish prime minister in shock move”, in The Guardian‎^[2], →ISSN:

     Leo Varadkar has announced he is standing down as Ireland’s prime minister and also giving up his role as leader of the Fine Gael party in the ruling coalition, in a surprise move described by pundits as a “political earthquake” for the country.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

近義詞

• earthdin
• quake
• seism
• temblor
• terremote
• tremblor
• tremor

派生詞彙

• antiearthquake
• earthquake baroque
• earthquake bomb
• earthquake engineering
• earthquakelike
• earthquake-prone
• earthquakeproof
• earthquake protector
• earthquake storm
• hurriquake
• microearthquake
• non-earthquake
• paleoearthquake
• postearthquake
• slow earthquake

相關詞彙

• moonquake
• seaquake
• starquake

動詞

earthquake (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 earthquakes，現在分詞 earthquaking，一般過去時及過去分詞 earthquaked)

1. (不及物) 發生地震
   • 1993，Gyeorgos C. Hatonn，The Best of Times: The Worst of Times，頁 129:

     Watch the Philippines very closely for the next little while. There is rumbling and earthquaking deep within Pinatubo and increased earthquaking within Mayon.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

參見

• aftershock
• earthquake engineering
• fault line
• Richter scale
• seismic
• seismograph
• seismologist
• 地震學
• tremor
• tsunami

延伸閱讀

• earthquake在英語維基百科上的資料。維基百科 ^en
• Tectonic hazards/Earthquake在英語維基學院上的資料。維基學院 ^en
• Category:Animations of earthquake impact在維基共享資源上的資料。維基共享資源

異序詞

• heartquake

低地蘇格蘭語

詞源

借自英語 earthquake；比較 yirdquauk。

名詞

earthquake (複數 earthquakes)

1. 地震

   近義詞：yirdquauk