descry
外观
英语
[编辑]词源
[编辑]源自14世纪的中古英語 descrien、descriven,当时它已经具有双重含义:“宣布,公布,使人知晓”和“看见,辨认,发现”。有说法称这个中古英语词是从古法語 descrier (“宣布,公布,叫喊”),源自des- + crier (“喊叫,哭喊”),若如此,则它属于英語 decry 的同源對似詞,它是在17世纪从同一法语来源借入的。另一种说法认为,中古英语的这个词可能是古法語 descrire、descrivre (“描述”)的缩略形式,后者源自拉丁語 describere,因而成为英語 describe 的同源對似詞(Palmer (1890)认为如此,并归于Walter William Skeat) ,这样便能解释拼写descriven。但现代词典似乎更倾向于认为,在中古英语内部,descrien受到的descriven的影响是次要的,基于民间词源学的(The Century Dictionary (1911)认为如此)。
从“宣布”到“辨认、侦察”的语义转变是通过了“在发现寻找的东西时大声喊出来”这一用法实现的。Palmer (1890)指出explōrō (原意是“喊叫着在树林中寻找猎物”)作为对比。
发音
[编辑]动词
[编辑]descry (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 descries,現在分詞 descrying,簡單過去時和過去分詞 descried) (書面)
- (及物) 公布,发表(发现等)
- (及物) 发现,看见,辨认出,察觉
- c. 1595–1596,W. Shakespere [i.e., 威廉·莎士比亞],A Pleasant Conceited Comedie Called, Loues Labors Lost. […] (First Quarto),London: […] W[illiam] W[hite] for Cut[h]bert Burby,出版於 1598,→OCLC; 再版為 Shakspere’s Loves Labours Lost (Shakspere-Quarto Facsimiles; no. 5),W[illiam] Griggs, […],[1880],→OCLC,[Act V, scene ii],第 388 行:
- VVe vvere deſcried, theyle mock vs novv dounright.
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- Template:RQ:Shakespeare Pericles
- Template:RQ:Melville Moby-Dick
- Template:RQ:Shakespeare King Lear
- 1667,John Milton,“Book X”,Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books,London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […],→OCLC; 再版為 Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […],Basil Montagu Pickering […],1873,→OCLC,第 325-326 行:
- And now thir way to Earth they had descri’d, / To Paradise first tending, […]
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- Template:RQ:Defoe Robinson Crusoe
- 1897年12月(標示為1898年),Winston Churchill,章號 IV,The Celebrity: An Episode,紐約:The Macmillan Company;倫敦:Macmillan & Co., Ltd.,→OCLC,第 47 頁:
- Judge Short had gone to town, and Farrar was off for a three days’ cruise up the lake. I was bitterly regretting I had not gone with him when the distant notes of a coach horn reached my ear, and I descried a four-in-hand winding its way up the inn road from the direction of Mohair.
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- 1954,J. R. R. Tolkien,The Two Towers,第 15 頁:
- Dimly through the mists they could descry the long arm of the mountains rising on their left.
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
- 1955January,R. S. McNaught,“源自the Severn to the Mersey by Great Western”,Railway Magazine,第 18 頁:
- On the far hillside we are approaching can be descried a bridge on the first section (Ruabon–Llangollen) of the important G.W.R. branch to Dolgelley, which will shortly join our main line by means of a trailing junction.
- (請為本引文添加中文翻譯)
衍生词汇
[编辑]延伸阅读
[编辑]- “descry”,Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary,Springfield, Mass.:G. & C. Merriam,1913年,OCLC 800618302
- “descry”,The Century Dictionary […],New York, N.Y.:The Century Co.,1911,OCLC 867766587
- OneLook 在线词典 上有关 descry 的释义
- “descry”,Lexico,Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press,2019–present年.
- Smythe Palmer, Folk-etymology: A Dictionary of Verbal Corruptions Or Words Perverted in Form Or Meaning, by False Derivation Or Mistaken Analogy (1890), p. 97.