kibosh
英语[编辑]
发音[编辑]
- (标准英音) 国际音标(帮助)：/ˈkaɪˌbɒʃ/, /kɪˈbɑʃ/
- (通用美式) 国际音标(帮助)：/ˈkaɪˌbɑʃ/, /kaɪˈbɑʃ/, /kɪ-/
（澳洲）音频 （文档） - 韵部：-aɪbɒʃ, -ɒʃ
- 断字：ki‧bosh
词源 1[编辑]
名词词源不详，有下列说法：
- kurbash (“鞭打，抽打”)的无R音变体，[1][2]源自阿拉伯语 كُرْبَاج (kurbāj, “鞭打，抽打”)，或源自这个词的词源鄂图曼土耳其语 قرباچ (kırbaç, “鞭打，抽打”)（派生出 土耳其语 kırbaç (“鞭打”)）。[3][4]
- 源自爱尔兰语 caidhp bháis (字面意思是“死帽”)，据称其可指英国法官宣判死刑时所戴的黑帽子、死囚被处以绞刑前穿的兜帽、以及一种叫做pitchcapping的酷刑。[3]但是，似乎没有证据证明该词使用于这些义项。[5][6]
- 源自某意第绪语单词（对比希伯来语 כָּבַשׁ (kavásh, “征服”)），[3]但是没有找到具体何词。[7]
- 源自中古英语 cabochen (“砍掉（头，尤指鹿头），砍头”)，[8]源自中古法语 cabocher (“砍掉（头）”)，源自caboche (“头”, 法国北部，非正式)（派生出中古英语 caboche (“卷心菜菜包”)），[9]源自意大利语 capocchia (“脑袋”, 贬义)，最终源自拉丁语 caput (“头”)。[10]中古英语词据称同化自伦敦俚语。[11]
- 鞋匠俚语kibosh (“一英尺长的铁条，加热后用来熨烫皮革”)。[11]
动词派生自名词[12]
名词[编辑]
kibosh (不可数)
- (俚语) 主要用于put on the kibosh或put the kibosh on：限制物，抑制物
- Template:RQ:Dickens Sketches by Boz
- Template:RQ:Wells Wheels of Chance
- Template:RQ:Henry Cabbages
- Template:RQ:Wodehouse Psmith Journalist
- 1922 February, James Joyce, “[Episode 12: Cyclops]”, 出自 Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC, part II [Odyssey]，页号 321:
- Robbing Peter to pay Paul. Gob, that puts the bloody kybosh on it if old sloppy eyes is mucking up the show.
- （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
- 1979 November, John le Carré [pseudonym: David John Moore Cornwell], 章号 15, 出自 Smiley’s People (A Borzoi Book), 1st trade版, New York, N.Y.: Alfred A[braham] Knopf, 出版于 1980, →ISBN，页号 198:
- George put the kibosh on the Kirov case and now he's trying to get it right, flying solo in his old age.
- （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
- 2013 1月 31, Saville Kushner, “Letters: The high price society and officers are paying for policing cuts”, 出自 Alan Rusbridger 编, The Guardian[6], London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC，2022-05-17归档自原页面:
- I know because I worked with the Home Office and the service for many years to accomplish what became the envy of the world. It was being dismantled long before [Theresa] May took office – [David] Blunkett started the rot – but May has the ultimate kibosh.
- （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
其他形式[编辑]
衍生词汇[编辑]
动词[编辑]
kibosh (第三人称单数简单现在时 kiboshes, 现在分词 kiboshing, 一般过去时及过去分词 kiboshed)
- (及物) 终结，阻止，挫败
- 1943 7月 17, “Philly Kiboshes Blackout Tutoring”, 出自 The Billboard: The World’s Foremost Amusement Weekly, 卷 55, 期 29, Cincinnati, Oh.: Roger S. Littleford Jr.; William D. Littleford, →OCLC，页号 6，列号 1:
- Philly Kiboshes Blackout Tutoring [title] […] Plan of the Pennsylvania State Council of Defense to ring in a State-wide network of 45 stations for an "educational" blackout test, was nixed by the Office of Censorship after it was okayed by the Third Service Command of the army. Skedded for Thursday (8), purpose of the broadcast was to educate public with air raid warning signals and all Pennsylvanians were urged to listen to instructions as broadcast.
- （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
- 1947 9月 6, “Paul Baron Nixes 2 Morgan Albums”, 出自 Joseph G. Csida 编, The Billboard: The World’s Foremost Amusement Weekly, 卷 59, 期 35, Cincinnati, Oh.: Roger S. Littleford Jr.; William D. Littleford, →OCLC，页号 14，列号 3:
- Deal for network star Henry Morgan to sign a Majestic contract for two albums has fallen thru, with Paul Baron, newly-named artist and repertoire topper at the diskery, kiboshing a deal that virtually had been consummated between his predecessors and Music Corporation of America (MCA).
- （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
- 1987 12月 1, Peter Megargee Brown, “We Have Met the Enemy: The Terrible Truth about Lawyers by Mark H. McCormack, William Morrow, New York, N.Y., 260 pages; $17.95 [book review]”, 出自 Laurence Bodine 编, ABA Journal: The Lawyer’s Magazine, Chicago, Ill.: American Bar Association, →ISSN, →OCLC，页号 127:
- His second book is full of spirited advice on how to do business deals. According to [Mark] McCormack, this often amounts to keeping lawyers from kiboshing the deal.
- （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
- 1996, David Quammen, “So Huge a Bignes”, 出自 The Song of the Dodo: Island Biogeography in an Age of Extinctions, New York, N.Y.: Scribner, 出版于 2004, →ISBN，页号 239:
- But this discovery, as cheering as it was, also kiboshed the hypothesis about different-colored varieties of H. simus in different reasons, because the dozen animals at Kianjavato were charcoal gray, just as [Patricia] Wright had originally expected.
- （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
- 2003 9月 17, Michael Billington, “Theatre: A Woman of No Importance, Haymarket Theatre, London [review]”, 出自 Alan Rusbridger 编, The Guardian[7], London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC，2022-05-17归档自原页面:
- At which point, Mrs Arbuthnot enters to kibosh her son's prospects, only to be told, when the family facts emerge, that she should marry the high-born roué who has ruined her.
- （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
- 2007 November 20 (date written), Chris Mullin, “2007”, 出自 Ruth Winstone 编, Decline and Fall: Diaries 2005–2010, London: Profile Books, 出版于 2010, →ISBN，页号s 213–214:
- It appears some chump at Revenue and Customs has, against all rules, put a disc or discs containing 25 million child benefit records – names, addresses, National Insurance numbers, bank account details, the lot – in the post and inevitably it has gone missing. […] As several people pointed out, with particular reference to ID cards, this kiboshes any notion that confidential information is safe in government hands.
- （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
- 2010 5月 15, Andrew Anthony, “Yes, the Capello Index wasn’t a good move, but remember Glenn?”, 出自 The Observer[8], London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC，2022-10-11归档自原页面:
- Fortunately the FA [Football Association], in a rare moment of decisiveness, stepped in to kibosh the plan.
- （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
- 2015 6月 26, Ali Catterall, Julia Raeside, John Robinson, David Stubbs, “Friday’s best TV”, 出自 Alan Rusbridger 编, The Guardian[9], London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC，2022-05-17归档自原页面, subtitle:
- Extensive highlights from Glastonbury, an Allied mission to kibosh the German A-bomb and a homage to Arthur Ashe。
- （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
- 2021, Roy Schwartz, “The Galactic Golem”, 出自 Is Superman Circumcised?: The Complete Jewish History of the World’s Greatest Hero, Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Company, →ISBN, part III (Mensch of Steel: Fulfilling Jewish Fantasy and Faith)，页号 166:
- Superman bashed Bavarians and kiboshed Krauts with a mix of solemn consecration, righteous anger and cathartic glee.
- （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
词源 2[编辑]
名词[编辑]
kibosh (不可数)
- (英国，俚语，弃用，罕用) 废话，胡言
- 1885 1月 3, ’Arry [pseudonym], “’Arry on ’Appiness”, 出自 Punch, or The London Charivari, 卷 LXXXVIII, London: […] Bradbury, Agnew, & Co., […], →OCLC，页号 4，列号 1:
- Still I wish you a 'Appy New Year, if you care for the kibosh, old Chappie, / Though 'taint 'Igh Art Cards full o' gush and green paint 'll make you and me 'appy. / Wot we want is lucre and larks, love and lotion as much as you'll carry!
- （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
- 1887 4月 9, ’Arry [pseudonym], “Studies from Mr. Punch’s Studio. No. XXIV.”, 出自 Punch, or The London Charivari, 卷 XCII, London: […] Bradbury, Agnew, & Co., […], →OCLC，页号 172，列号 2:
- Gar'n! Gives me the 'ump, all this kibosh 'bout morals, and taste, and all that.
- （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
词源 3[编辑]
不详。
名词[编辑]
kibosh (不可数)
- (英国，俚语，弃用，罕用，常前接the) 风尚，时尚
- 1904 March, George Ade, “Rugged Hiram and Hiram’s Giddy Wife”, 出自 Breaking into Society, New York, N.Y., London: Harper & Brothers, →OCLC，页号 34:
- She was, in very Sooth, among the highest of the Rollers, but Hiram stood for the Bills with nary a Whimper. He was proud to be the Husband of the Lady Ki-Bosh of the Local Knickerbockers.
- （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
参考资料[编辑]
- ↑ Gerald Cohen; Stephen Goranson; Matthew Little (2018) Origin of Kibosh (Routledge Studies in Etymology), Abingdon, Oxfordshire; New York, N.Y.: Routledge, ISBN 978-1-138-62895-3，援引文章：Ben Zimmer (29 December 2017), “Putting the kibosh on an old riddle: The source of the phrase”, The Wall Street Journal[1], New York, N.Y.: Dow Jones & Company, ISSN 0099-9660, OCLC 36098632, 存档自原始网页于6 December 2022。
- ↑ Gerald Leonard Cohen; Stephen Goranson; Matthew Little (May 2019), “Kibosh Update #4 (Compilation)”, Comments on Etymology[2], 卷48, 期8, Rolla, Mo.: Missouri University of Science and Technology, ISSN 0740-0330, OCLC 3299655, 页1–50。
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 “kibosh, n.”, OED Online
, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, December 2022
- ↑ “kurbash, n.”, OED Online , Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, December 2022; “kurbash, n.”, Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.
- ↑ Cohen et al. (2018) Origin of Kibosh, pages 98–102, reproduced in Gerald Leonard Cohen; Matthew Little; Stephen Goranson (February 2020), “Revisit to Kibosh – Rejecting the Irish ‘Cap-of-death’ Etymology”, Comments on Etymology[3], 卷49, 期5, Rolla, Mo.: Missouri University of Science and Technology, ISSN 0740-0330, OCLC 3299655, 页2–12。
- ↑ 据Cohen等人（2020年），这一词源理论首次被怀疑是在Template:R:World Wide Words
- ↑ Gerald Leonard Cohen; Matthew Little; Stephen Goranson (March 2020), “Revisit to Kibosh – OED3’s Tentative Consideration of a Yiddish Origin for Kibosh in ‘Put the Kibosh on’ should be Definitively Set Aside”, Comments on Etymology[4], 卷49, 期6, Rolla, Mo.: Missouri University of Science and Technology, ISSN 0740-0330, OCLC 3299655, 页2–13。
- ↑ “kibosh, v.” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- ↑ “caboche, n.” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- ↑ “† caboche, v.”, OED Online , Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, December 2022
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Anatoly Liberman (14 August 2013), “Three Recent Theories of ‘Kibosh’”, OUP Blog[5], 存档自原始网页于4 October 2022。
- ↑ “kibosh, v.”, OED Online , Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, March 2022; “kibosh, v.”, Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.
