French

维基词典，自由的多语言词典
参见：french

英语[编辑]

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词源[编辑]

继承自中古英语 Frenche、Frensch、Frensc、Frenshe、Frenk、Franche，来自古英语 Frenċisċ (“法语”)，来自原始西日耳曼语 *Frankisk (“法兰克”)，等同于Frank +‎ -ish (对照Frankish)。与西佛兰德语 Fransch (“法语”)、荷兰语 Frans (“法语”)、中古低地德语 vranksch、frenkisch、vrenkesch、vrenksch (“法语”)、中古高地德语 frenkisch、frensch （“法兰克的，法兰西的”；> 德语 fränkisch (“法兰克尼亚”)）、丹麦语 fransk (“法语”)、瑞典语 fransk、fransysk (“法语”)、冰岛语 franska (“法语”)同源。

用作粗俗语言的义项，其通常指早期19世纪上层阶级实际使用的法语表达 (但通常轻微无礼)，后来被下层阶级用作骂人的话，因为他们认为听者不会熟悉这些用语。

用来指苦艾酒的义项，是French vermouth的简称。

发音[编辑]

  • (英国、美国) 英语发音：frĕnch、国际音标(帮助)：/fɹɛnt͡ʃ/, /fɹɛnʃ/
  • 音频 (美国)（文档）
  • 韵部：-ɛntʃ

专有名词[编辑]

French (可数 和 不可数, 复数 Frenches)

  1. (主要用于不可数) 法语
    She speaks French.
    她说法语。
    • c. 1390, Robert Grosseteste, translating Chateau d'Amour as The Castle of Love, ll. 25 ff.:
      Ne mowe we alle Latin wite...
      Ne French...
    • 1533, Thomas More, The Debellacyon of Salem & Bizance, fol. 96:
      I... wolde also be bolde in such french as is peculiare to the lawys of this realme, to leue it wyth them in wrytynge to.
    • 1720, Daniel Defoe, Memoirs of a Cavalier，页号 13:
      I could speak but little French.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 1991, Michael Clyne, Pluricentric Languages: Differing Norms in Different Nations, Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN，页号 169:
      Thus, complementary to the French of France, the Quebecois (and in a lesser degree the Frenches of Africa, Swiss French, etc.) would constitute languages in their own right.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 1997, Albert Valdman, French and Creole in Louisiana，页号 29:
      Almost three quarters of the population 65 and older reported speaking French.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 2004, Jack Flam, Matisse and Picasso: The Story of Their Rivalry and Friendship，页号 18:
      Although he would spend the rest of his life in France, Picasso never mastered the language, and during those early years he was especially self-conscious about how bad his French was.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 2013, Jocelyn Wogan-Browne, Language and Culture in Medieval Britain: The French of England, C.1100-c.1500, Boydell & Brewer Ltd, →ISBN，页号 361:
      The Frenches of England remain as working languages in the different registers of various occupational communities and for particular social rituals. Beyond the fifteenth century, French is a much less substantial presence in England, though […]
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
  2. (不可数) 法语交流能力
    My French is a little rusty.
    我的法语有些生疏了。
    • 1742 April 4, R. West, letter to Thomas Gray:
      [Racine's] language is the language of the times, and that of the purest sort; so that his French is reckoned a standard.
  3. (不可数) 作为学科的法国语言、文学
    I'm taking French next semester.
    下学期我要上法语课。
  4. (不可数，委婉，nowoftenironic) 粗俗语言
    Pardon my French.
    恕我言粗。
    • 1845, Edward Jerningham Wakefield, Adventure in New Zealand, 卷 I，页号 327:
      The enraged headsman spares no 'bad French' in explaining his motives.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 1986, John Hughes, Ferris Bueller's Day Off':
      Cameron: Pardon my French, but you're an asshole!
    • 2005 5月 29, New York Times Book Review，页号 12:
      The book... is a welcome change from theory-infected academic discourse, pardon my French.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
  5. (可数) 姓氏
    Dawn French.
    唐·弗兰奇

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名词[编辑]

French (可数 和 不可数, 复数 French 或 Frenches)

  1. (主要用于集合名词和以复数形式) 法国人
    The Hundred Years' War was fought between the English and the French.
    百年战争是英国人和法国人之间的战争。
    Under the Fourth Republic, more and more French unionized.
    在第四共和国时期，越来越多的法国人加入了工会。
    • 1579, Francesco Guicciardini as, 译者 Geoffrey Fenton, The Historie of Guicciardin，页号 378:
      […] to breake the necke of the wicked purposes & plots of the French […]
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 1653, François Rabelais, 译者 Thomas Urquhart, Works of Mr. Francis Rabelais, 卷 I，页号 214:
      Such is the nature and complexion of the frenches, that they are worth nothing, but at the first push.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 2002, Jeremy Thornton, The French and Indian War，页号 14:
      On the way, scouts reported that some French were heading toward them across the ice.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
  2. (不可数，过时俚语，性) oral sex (“口交”)之同义词（尤指嗦吮阴茎）
    • 1916, Henry Nathaniel Cary, The Slang of Venery and Its Analogues‎[1], 卷 I，页号 94:
      French--[sic] to do the French--Cocksucking; and, inversely, to tongue a woman.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 1968, Bill Turner, Sex Trap，页号 64:
      You can be whipped or caned... or you can have French for another pound.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 1986 5月 6, Semper Floreat，页号 34:
      Always use condoms with Greek (anal intercourse), straight sex (vaginal intercourse, fucking), French (oral sex).
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 1996 10月 13, Observer，页号 25:
      ‘French’—still used by prostitutes as a term for oral sex.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
  4. (主要用于不可数，过时俚语) French vermouth的缩略形式
    • 1930, Ethel Mannin, Confessions & Impressions，页号 177:
      Tearle replied that gin-and-French and virginian cigarettes would do for him.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
    • 1967, Michael Francis Gilbert, The Dust & the Heat，页号 14:
      He was drinking double gins with single Frenches in them.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

使用说明[编辑]

复数形式Frenches的使用在早期现代英语出现过，在当代英语很少出现。和其他集体区域居民称谓词一样，French在指代法国人时，会在前面加上定冠词或定语。

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形容词[编辑]

French (比较级 more French, 最高级 most French)

  1. 法国的
    the French border with Italy
    法国和意大利的边界
    • 2015 5月 3, “Standardized Testing”, 出自 Last Week Tonight with John Oliver, 季数 2, 集数 12, John Oliver（演员）, 经由 HBO:
      That must have hurt, especially because you knew the French children weren’t even trying. “Uh, go on, play weez your seellee nambeurs. Zey tell you nosseeng of ze true naytcheur of ze soula. I’ll weepa for you.”
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）
  2. 与法国人民和文化有关的
    French customs
    法国习俗
  3. 法语的
    French verbs
    法语动词
  4. (俚语，性欲) 与口交有关的
    同类词： straight
    French active ― 被口交的人
    French girl ― 提供口交的妓女
  5. (非正式，often，委婉) 用于构成性病的名称或指代
    French disease ― 性病
    French crown ― 性病造成的脱发
    French pox ― 梅毒 (字面意思是“法国痘，法国疹”)

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French (第三人称单数简单现在时 Frenches, 现在分词 Frenching, 一般过去时及过去分词 Frenched)

  1. french的大小写替代形式
    • 1995, Jack Womack, Random Acts of Senseless Violence，页号 87:
      Even before I thought about what I was doing we Frenched and kissed with tongues.
      （请为本引文添加中文翻译）

替代写法[编辑]

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参见[编辑]

来源[编辑]

取自“https://zh.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=French&oldid=8017262”